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Goering

Herman Goering

(1893～1946) Marshal of Nazi Germany and one of the chief war criminals of fascist Germany. Born on January 12, 1893 in Rosenheim. During the First World War, he served as a captain in the Air Force, served as a squadron leader, and received the highest military medal. After the war, he served as a civil aviation test pilot in Denmark. In 1921, he studied national economy and history. Met A. Hitler in 1921. Joining the Nazi Party in 1922, Hitler entrusted him with the important task of reorganizing and leading the SA. In 1923, he participated in Hitler's uprising and fled to Austria after the failure. He returned to China in 1927 and participated in the Nazi Party campaign. Member of Parliament in 1928. In 1932, he served as Speaker of the National Assembly. In 1933, he served as minister, aviation director, Prussian Prime Minister, Interior Minister, and Hunting Minister. He used the arson attack on the Congress to suppress the Communists and anti-fascists. Established state secret police (Gestapo) and concentration camps. In 1935, he served as Minister of Aviation and Minister of Forestry. In 1936, he served as the plenipotentiary general representative of the "Four-Year Plan" for military expansion and war preparations. He was awarded the title of Field Marshal in 1938, was appointed as his successor by Hitler in 1939, and was awarded the title of Field Marshal of Germany in 1940. After the defeat in the air war against Britain, the political influence plummeted.

G?ring was the main leader of the Nazi Party, an important designer of the Nazi fascist state, and the main organizer of the Third Reich's establishment of the air force, rearmament, and implementation of a wartime economy. He served as Hitler's traveling ambassador many times, using his authority to plunder Jewish property and plunder the wealth and art treasures of occupied countries. At the end of the war, he tried to replace Hitler in negotiating with the Allies, but was dismissed by Hitler in April 1945. He was captured by the US military on May 8 of the same year. He was sentenced to death by hanging by the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal in October 1946. Before his execution, he took poison and died in Nuremberg on October 15.

Additional Hermann Wilhelm Goering (1893-1946) Reich Marshal

The second most important figure in Nazi Germany and one of the culprits of Germany's war of aggression. He was not only the political, economic and military leader of France and Germany, but also the mastermind of the slave labor plan and the suppression and massacre of Jews and other races. Therefore, the Nuremberg Trial determined that he was "second only to Hitler and the person who gathered the most criminal activities of all the defendants." ".

On January 12, 1893, Goering was born into a diplomat family in Bavaria, Germany. At the age of 12, he was sent to the military academy in Karlsruhe, and at the age of 16, he entered the Higher Military Academy in Grosslichtfeld near Berlin. He is very satisfied with his study and life in the military academy. After graduating from the military academy in 1912, G?ring served in the infantry regiment stationed at Milhouse. During World War I, Milhouse was occupied by the French army, and he twice led commandos into the city. Noting the role of the Air Force in wars at that time and in the future, he sought ways to get into the Air Force. After graduating from flight school in 1915, G?ring returned to the front line and determined to become the most famous fighter pilot. In 1917, he received 3 medals for his bravery in combat. The following year, he was awarded the highest combat medal and served as the ace of the Luftwaffe - Captain of the Richthofen Fighter Group.

After the war, Goering went to Denmark and Sweden. He returned to China in 1921 and entered the University of Munich to study. He was extremely dissatisfied with the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. After listening to Hitler's speech, he felt that he was completely in tune with his thoughts, so he took the initiative to join the Nazi Party. After G?ring surrendered to Hitler in 1922, Hitler gave him stormtroopers recruited from the unemployed. Goering organized them according to the requirements of regular troops and became the commander of the stormtroopers. Goering soon became Hitler's indispensable right-hand man. On May 1, 1923, Goering took part in a beer shop riot while wearing the medal. He was shot in the thigh and was forced to live in exile in Sweden and Austria. Since the injury could not be treated in time, he was injected with morphine every day to relieve the pain. G?ring gradually became addicted to morphine and became depressed and addicted to drugs.

After the amnesty in 1927, Goering returned to Germany and served as a consultant to several aircraft companies and Lufthansa. In the parliamentary election the following year, Goering became one of the 12 members of the Nazi Party. In 1932, Goering was elected speaker and became a first-rate politician. In early 1933, after Hitler became Chancellor, Goering was appointed as Prussian Minister of the Interior regardless of Guo. He took advantage of his position to form an auxiliary police force with 40,000 stormtroopers, SS, and Stahlhelm personnel, and firmly controlled the situation in Prussia, which accounted for 2/3 of Germany's area.

He used the "Reichstag Fire" to arrest opponents of the Nazis and consolidate Hitler's regime. In April of the same year, he changed the political police into the state secret police, the Gestapo. Soon, he replaced Papen as Prime Minister of Prussia. He could not convince Hitler that R?hm might be plotting a coup that would lead to Hitler's bloody massacre of the SA. In May 1933, after he was appointed Minister of Aviation, he immediately began preparations for the establishment of the Air Force.

During the Spanish Civil War, G?ring secretly sent the air force to participate in the war. He rotated pilots continuously to allow as many pilots as possible to gain practical experience. In February 1938, after Hitler took over command of the entire armed forces, he was awarded the rank of Field Marshal. In July 1940, Hitler awarded him the rank of Imperial Marshal of the Greater German Reich, which ranked him above other marshals. He was also awarded the unique Grand Cross of Medal.

G?ring hated the Jews. After taking charge of the German economy, he set out to plunder the wealth of the Jews and drive the Jews out of the country, leaving only their property. It was proposed to establish Jewish ghettos and Jewish immigration bureaus in cities to finally solve the Jewish problem through massacre.

On September 1, 1939, German fascism brazenly launched a war of aggression against Poland. Hitler announced in his speech that if something unexpected happened to him during the war, G?ring would become his successor. In this way, G?ring gained the status of Hitler's legal heir. During the war of aggression against Poland, Goering dispatched his fleet to suddenly attack the Polish Air Force, causing many Polish aircraft to be destroyed on the ground. German bombers also bombed Polish defense lines and cities indiscriminately, reducing many cities to ashes. G?ring's air force played an important role in forcing Poland to surrender after only three weeks of fighting.

The victory of the Air Force in the war of aggression against Poland made G?ring even more ambitious and arrogant, always believing that the Air Force could solve all problems in the war. On May 24, 1940, German armored forces had arrived at the Agcanal area 20 miles away from Dunkirk, preparing to encircle and annihilate the more than 300,000 British and French allied forces who were trapped in the encirclement. But Hitler suddenly ordered the army to stop advancing, leaving the task of destroying the enemy to the air force. The important reason is that Goering suggested to Hitler to use his air force to destroy the surrounded enemy forces alone to reduce the loss of precious armored forces. In fact, G?ring wanted to give the Air Force a chance for the final decisive battle and gain the honor of the "low-hanging fruit" of victory. However, because the bad weather affected the effectiveness of the Luftwaffe's attacks, and the Luftwaffe was also effectively resisted by the new British Spitfire aircraft, although Goering's air force destroyed the Dunkirk port and sunk 243 British transport ships, Goering's boast to Hitler of annihilating the British Expeditionary Force at Haikou did not materialize. The British and French forces evacuated from the beaches of Dunkirk day and night under the nose of the German army, creating a miracle in history.

After the German army swept across Western Europe, in August 1940, Hitler issued an order to eliminate the British navy and air force from the air and sea to clear the obstacles for landing on the British Isles. Goering believed that the air force alone could bring Britain to its knees, and the navy also believed that only by gaining air supremacy could it cross the sea. Goering organized and launched a large-scale air offensive against Britain code-named "Eagle". Goering was convinced that the British fighter defenses in southern England could be destroyed within 4 days, and that the Royal Air Force could be completely destroyed within 2-4 weeks. As early as July, Goering directed the air force to conduct continuous probing attacks on British ports and warships in an attempt to lure British fighter jets out to fight, but failed.

On August 15, Goering committed most of his three air fleets to the British air battle. *** dispatched 1,149 fighter sorties and 801 bomber sorties. The result of the battle between the German and British Air Forces was that the Germans lost 75 aircraft and the Royal Air Force lost 34. At this ratio, it would be difficult for Germany to defeat the British Air Force.

From August 24 to September 6, Goering dispatched an average of more than 1,000 aircraft per day, correctly targeting the destruction of fighter jets, the core of the British Air Force's defense power, as his main goal. The numerical superiority of the Luftwaffe began to emerge. British frontline airfields have suffered huge damage, and the communication system for directing air combat is also on the verge of being destroyed. A total of 446 fighter jets were destroyed or seriously damaged, and pilot casualties reached 1/4. The situation was very unfavorable to the Royal Air Force. If the German Air Force persists in fighting, Britain will completely lose its air defense power, and the German landing operation may be successful. However, at this critical moment, the Luftwaffe's strategy changed to a large-scale night attack on London. This proved to be G?ring's second major mistake.

This change saved the dizzy Royal Air Force and provided a breathing space for the Royal Air Force to recover. It became a turning point in the unprecedented British air war. Because G?ring was unable to obtain air superiority, on September 17, Hitler began to postpone the implementation of the "Sea Lion" plan indefinitely. G?ring did not achieve the astonishing victory that Hitler had expected in the Battle of Britain and that he had achieved on other battlefields. The myth of the German army's invincibility was shattered for the first time, and he began to fall out of favor with Hitler. After that, G?ring delegated the power to direct the actual operations of the Air Force to others and retreated to the second line.

In preparation for the invasion of the Soviet Union, Hitler assigned Goering to be responsible for plundering the Soviet Union's economic wealth and seizing the Soviet Union's economic assets for Germany's use. G?ring integrated the economies of countries already occupied by Germany into the German war economy. In the winter of 1942, the Soviet army launched a winter offensive to encircle the German 6th Army and the first part of the 4th Tank Army in Stalingrad. During the final discussion on whether the besieged troops should hold on or break out of the encirclement, Goering appeared in the conference room with a cheerful face and solemnly assured Hitler that the besieged troops could be rescued by airlift. Goering's big words made Hitler firm in his decision not to break through. After that, G?ring was repeatedly called to report to Hitler. He always used bad weather as an excuse to prevent the plane from being dispatched as planned. Make sure that once the weather improves, all the supplies will arrive. However, it was not until the end of January 1943 that the besieged German 6th Army was completely annihilated, and Goering's guarantee did not come true. For this reason, G?ring continued to be severely criticized by Hitler for his poor leadership of the Air Force. Goering quit in a rage and took a long vacation. Since then, G?ring has become the scapegoat for all the defeats of the Air Force and even the German army. Hitler often used the most harsh and insulting language to insult the Reich Marshal in front of senior generals during discussions on war situations, and G?ring's reputation was ruined.

On April 20, 1945, after attending Hitler's last birthday party, G?ring said goodbye to Hitler, who was facing death, and led a car brigade full of gold, silver and jewelry to evacuate Berlin. He believed that Hitler's death was approaching and that he would be his successor. On April 23, Goering, encouraged by Kohler, prepared to serve as an envoy for peace negotiations, so he convened advisers for discussion. Everyone believed that since Hitler decided to stay in Berlin, he had cut off contact with the outside world and the government, and was in fact unable to take action. According to Hitler's proclamation of June 29, 1941, G?ring had the responsibility to take over the power. So G?ring telegraphed Hitler and requested that this delegation of power be confirmed.

After Hitler received the telegram, he was furious at the instigation of Martin Bormann, the Nazi Party's chief of staff. He called back saying that Goering had committed treason and that he could avoid death if he resigned from all posts immediately. In order to remove obstacles on the road to supreme power, Bormann telegraphed the arrest of G?ring and his men on charges of treason at the SS headquarters in Berchtesgaden. In this way, the number two figure in the Third Reich and the only Reich Marshal in German history became a prisoner. In his political will the day before his suicide, Hitler reiterated that G?ring would be revoked from all positions and expelled from the party. Only after General Schiff was strangled to death did G?ring regain his freedom.

After the Allied forces occupied Germany, Goering was escorted to the Mondorf U.S. prisoner of war camp on the Luxembourg border on May 21, and then to Nuremberg Prison in September. During the Nuremberg trials, G?ring stubbornly adhered to the fascist stance and repeatedly denied his crimes. On October 1, 1946, Judge Lord Lawrence read out the verdict against G?ring on behalf of the US International Military Tribunal, confirming that G?ring was guilty of war crimes, crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity, and was sentenced to death by hanging. Afterwards, G?ring proposed that as a soldier he should be executed by shooting, but was rejected and decided to commit suicide. On the evening of October 15, 1946, G?ring, the fascist leader, committed suicide by taking poison, ending his ugly life.