Introduction to Yang Wanli

Yang Wanli (1 127- 1206), whose real name is Ting Xiu, is Zhai Chengren. Jishui was born in Jizhou (now Jishui County). An outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Shaoxing twenty-four years (1 154), a scholar. He was awarded the position of a layman in Ganzhou and later transferred to Lingling County in Yongzhou, where he met Zhang Jun in exile and was encouraged and taught. After Xiaozong acceded to the throne, Zhang Jun entered the phase and recommended Wanli as a professor at Lin 'an Prefecture. Before his appointment, he was mourned by his father, and after his service, he changed his knowledge to Fengxin County. Avenue for six years (1 170), served as Dr. Guo Zi, started as a Beijing official, and soon moved to Taichang City, where he was transferred to a juvenile prison. In the first year of Xichun (1 174), it was announced that Zhangzhou was known and Changzhou was known. In six years, he raised tea and salt in Changping, Guangdong, suppressed the Shen Shi Rebel Army and was promoted to Guangdong Prison. Soon, his mother lost his job, and he was recalled to the official department and promoted to a doctor. In May of the 12th year (1 185), he wrote a letter in response to the earthquake, telling ten things about current politics, and urging Xiao Zonggu to consider urgent matters and prepare for the enemy skillfully. He resolutely opposed some people's suggestions of abandoning Huai River and surrendering to the Yangtze River, and advocated selecting talents and actively preparing for war. The following year, he served as a detailed inspector of the Privy Council and a servant of the prince. Fourteen years (1 187), I moved to a secretary with less supervision. When Emperor Gaozong collapsed, Wanli accused Hong Mai of "referring to the deer as a horse" for Zhang Jun's due enjoyment of the temple sacrifice, which annoyed Xiao Zong and made him know about Yunzhou (now Gao 'an, Jiangxi). Guangzong acceded to the throne and was called secretary supervisor. Shao Xiyuan (1 190), was appointed as an ambassador and reviewer of Jin Guohe. Finally, because Xiaozong was dissatisfied with him, it was an agreement of Jiangdong transshipment. The imperial court will spend iron money in the counties in the south of the Yangtze River. Wanli thought it was inconvenient, refused to serve the imperial edict and changed to Ganzhou. Wanli saw that his ambition could not be displayed, refused to go to his post, and begged for a temple official (no actual official position, only receiving a temple post is equivalent to retirement) and returned. Since then, he has never been an official again. He was called to Beijing several times, but he resigned. In his second year in office (1206), he hated Han Zhou for playing politics, making mistakes in his own country and dying in anger. The official finally became a "literary festival".

Yang Wanli advocated the war of resistance all his life and opposed kneeling and surrendering. In many books, strategies and articles he gave to the emperor, he lamented Chen Jiazhi's illness many times, strongly criticized the mistake of surrender, and his patriotism was beyond words. He is an honest official and tries his best not to disturb the people. At that time, the poet Ji Xu praised him as "clear as water, poor with gold" ("Vote for Yang Chengzhai"). After the completion of the Jiangdong transfer agreement, he should have had a large sum of money, but he abandoned it in the official treasury and did not return a penny. He is open-minded, outspoken, critical and reckless, so he can never be of great use. In fact, he didn't work hard as an official. When he was an official in Beijing, he was always ready to lose his official position. So, he prepared his way home from Hangzhou in advance, locked it in a box and hid it in his bedroom. His family was not allowed to buy anything, for fear that his luggage would be cumbersome when he left his post and returned home. Later, during the fifteen years when Han Zhou was in power, Han Xinjian Nanyuan asked him to write a "record" and promised to reward senior officials. Wan Li insisted on not doing it, saying that "officials can be abandoned and' recording' can't be done." To stop a few things, you can imagine him as a person. Ge, a poet, boasts "a backbone like a stone" (see Collection of Sages in Southern Song Dynasty). Ge Wu Huai Ji), this is not a beautiful word.

Yang Wanli was an outstanding poet in the Southern Song Dynasty and had a great influence at that time. His poems are on a par with those of Lu You, Fan Chengda and You Mao, and are called "the four great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty". At first, he imitated Jiangxi Poetry School. Later, he realized the shortcomings of Jiangxi Poetry School, such as the difficulty in pursuing form. In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1 162), he burned thousands of representative poems and decided to jump out of the trap of Jiangxi poetry school and find another way. In the preface of Jing Xi Ji, he once recalled his own creative path: "His poems began to learn from the philosophers in Jiangxi, as well as the five-character law of Houshan (Chen Shidao), the seven-character quatrains of an old man in the Mid-Levels (Wang Anshi) and the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. ..... When I was writing a poem during the Reform Movement of 1898, I suddenly realized that it was afraid to learn to politely refuse the Tang people and Wang, Chen and Jiangxi gentlemen, and then I was so happy. " He also made it very clear in his poem: "I am ashamed to pass on the story, and the writer has his own romantic feelings." Huang (Tingjian) and Chen (Shidao) rested under the fence, while Tao (Qian) and Xie (Lingyun) stood out. "("Xu Gansu Poetry Postscript (III) "is precisely because he does not follow others' heels, leans against others' fences, and dares not turn around and innovate, and finally forms his own poetic style, which is simple, colloquial and ingenious, and is called" Chengzhai Style ". It promoted the change of poetic style at that time.

Yang Wanli is knowledgeable and talented. His works are eclectic and varied, including "Returning to the Division with a Thousand Troops, Overturning the Three Gorges, Piercing the Heavenly Heart and Piercing the Moon Cave". There is also a gesture that writes about people's feelings, which is readily available, but can write beautiful lyrics. The poetic style is simple and natural, ingenious in conception, humorous, fresh and lively, with strong artistic appeal. He also paid great attention to learning the advantages of folk songs and absorbed a lot of vivid oral proverbs in his poems. Therefore, his works are often "slang sayings, from the mouth" (Jiang Hongao's "Han Tang Poetry"), giving people a simple and natural feeling. Such as: "the bright moon shines on Kyushu, and several families are happy and several are sad; If you are worried about nailing people to the moon, you have to have a rest and have a rest. " (Song of Zhi Zhu) is a completely blurted out folk song, which reflects his achievements in learning folk songs.

Some of Yang Wanli's existing poems directly express his patriotic feelings and concern for current politics. In particular, when he was the escort of Ambassador He of the State of Jin, he crossed the Huaihe River for the first time and went north to meet the ambassador. He saw with his own eyes that the great rivers and mountains of the Song Dynasty fell into the hands of the Jin people, and the Huaihe River became the northern boundary of the Southern Song Dynasty. People of the same flesh and blood on both sides of the strait can't travel freely, and they have written many patriotic poems, such as: "People are not happy to go to the Huaihe River when the ship is away from the beach of Hongze; Why is Sanggan far away, and the north of the middle stream is the end of the world! " "Ships on both sides of the strait are running backwards, and it is difficult to negotiate the wave standard. Only the gull heron flies freely from north to south. " ("Entering the Huaihe River for the first time") When passing by Jinshan in Zhenjiang, I saw that the picturesque pavilion in Jinshan had become a place dedicated to making tea for the golden envoy, and wrote indignantly: "The great river is ashamed of others! The poem "Golden Mountain Worries for Others" ("Snow Ji Xiao Deng Jin Mountain") profoundly lashed the humiliating little court in the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition, there are "Crossing the Yangtze River", "Reading Your Guilt", Zhang Weigong's poems, Prime Minister Yu's poems, Jiang Gang's two poems, Qin Taishi's tomb and Su Mu Niu Ting's ancestral temple. , or miss home country, or call for the war of resistance and national rejuvenation, or praise the generals who died against the enemy, or satirize traitors.

Some of his poems also reflect the life of working people, expressing his concern for people's livelihood and sympathy for working people. Such as Compassion for Peasants, Looking at Crops, Peasants' Sigh, Autumn Rain Sigh, Compassion for Drought, Songs of Bamboo Branches, Songs of Transplanting Rice, etc. , with high ideological and artistic. But the latter two kinds of works are few.

Most of Yang Wanli's existing poems are lyrical and entertaining works praising Yue. Some themes in this part of the works are too detailed, lacking a high degree of artistic generalization and superficial. But he also has many lyric poems, which are interesting and touching because of careful observation, vivid description and sincere feelings. For example, "Plum teeth are sour and soft, and bananas are divided into green screens. I slept for a long time and thought mercilessly, watching children catch willow branches. " ("Taking a nap in early summer") "You can't see the truth clearly outside the fog, and you can only recognize Qiancun by chickens and dogs. The frost on the ferry is like snow, which is the first mark of my green shoes. " ("Gengzi crossed the river at dawn on the fifth day of the first month") "In the spring rain, people are drunk in plum blossoms and bamboo shadows." (New Year's Eve) are all round and natural, fresh and lively, full of thoughts, which are different from those poets who specialize in describing the wind, clouds and the moon.

Yang Wanli was extremely diligent in writing all his life. According to legend, there are more than 20,000 poems, more than 4,200 existing poems and 133 volumes of complete works of poetry, which are known in the world.

On September 22nd, the first year of Jianyan (October 29th, A.D. 1 127 10), Yang Wanli fell to the ground. This is a stormy time. Jinbing invaded the Central Plains on a large scale, and captured Bianjing in leap November last year. In April this year, Hui Zong, Qin Shihuang, Song Emperor, Prince Zi and Zong Qi were captured and returned to the North, and the Northern Song Dynasty was declared extinct. In May, Zhao Gou, King Kang, acceded to the throne as Emperor Gaozong, and established the Southern Song Dynasty, which was partial to the south of the Yangtze River. From then on, the Song-Jin War and the long-term confrontation between the weak in the south and the strong in the north began.

Yang Wanli lost his mother at the age of eight. Father Yang Fu (A.D. 1096- 1 164), whose real name was named Nanxi lay man. Proficient in the Book of Changes, often hungry, endure the cold to buy books. Ten years later, he has collected thousands of books. He once pointed to the collection of books and said to Yang Wanli, "What makes you angry is the heart of a saint!" (Hu Quan's "Yang Wenjun Qing Ji Zhiming") Under the influence of his father, Yang Wanli studied very hard, learned and persevered since childhood. At the age of 65,438+04, he worshipped Gao Shou Dao as a teacher; at the age of 65,438+07, he worshipped Wang Tingcheng as a teacher; at the age of 265,438+0, he worshipped Liu Anshi and Liu Tingzhi as teachers. In the twentieth year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 150), I went to Lin 'an in the spring to take the Libu exam, and the last one came back, still continuing my studies. At the age of 27, I took Liu Caishao as my teacher. A few years later, he served as a householder in Ganzhou, and his father took him to visit Zhang Jiucheng who lived in Nan 'an and Hu Zui who passed through Ganzhou. Wang Tingxuan, Zhang Jiucheng, Hu Quan and other predecessors' knowledge, integrity and patriotic spirit of worshiping and resisting gold have greatly influenced Yang Wanli.

In the spring of the 24th year of Shaoxing (AD 1 154), Yang Wanli was a scholar. In twenty-six years (AD 1 156), he was awarded the title of Ganzhou secretariat and joined the army. In October of the 29th year (A.D. 1 159), he was transferred to Yongzhou Lingling County Competition. At that time, Zhang Po, the hawkish leader, lived in Yongzhou and closed his door. Yang Wanli went to worship him for thirst three times, but he couldn't see him. After that, he wrote to ask him and was introduced by his son Zhang Wan. Zhang Jun said to him: "Fu Yuan is a noble man, and those with golden waist and purple waist are no different, but Zou and Chen Ying are glory for the sun and the moon!" (Luo Dajing's "He Lu" Volume I) At the same time, he encouraged him to learn "sincerity". Yang Wanli listened to his teachings all his life, so he named his reading room "Chengzhai" to show his ambition. Living in Hengzhou at that time, Yang Wanli asked him to write Zhai Chengji. For Cheng Lingling, two patriotic ministers, Zhang Jun and Hu Quan, set an example for Yang Wanli to follow all his life.

In the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (AD 1 162), in June, Emperor Zhao Gou of Gaozong abdicated, and the political situation in the Southern Song Dynasty changed greatly. Filial piety acceded to the throne, determined to recover, used Zhang Po as the Tang envoy, and soon made him the phase. In the autumn of the first year of Longxing (1 163), Yang Wanli left Lingling and moved to Lin 'an. Zhang Jun recommended, except Professor Lin An. Before taking up his post, he returned to Jishui in the first month of the following year because his father was ill. On August 4, my father died and was recuperating at home. "For three years, the home is not closed, you're welcome." ).

In the spring of the third year of the main road (A.D. 1 167), Yang Wanli went to Lin 'an. He was eager to meet the deputy envoys of the Tang Dynasty, pivot the carpet, and discuss political "thousand thoughts". One thousand thoughts is divided into 30 articles, including: the rule of the monarch, the situation of the country, the original management bureau, talents, ministers, generals, soldiers, officials, law, criminal law, redundant officials and civil affairs. After reading it, he said admiringly, "There are such figures in the southeast! If you recommend two people from the beginning, this person should be the person in charge. " (Volume 4, Part B of "He Lu")

In the sixth year of Avenue (A.D. 1 170), Yang Wanli was relieved of the order of Fengxin County in Longxing Prefecture. Just in time for the new drought, people's lives are very difficult. When Yang Wanli took office on April 26th, he saw that the prison was full of people who couldn't pay the rent, but the government-the national treasury was still empty, knowing that it was caused by exploitation among officials. So he ordered all the "prisoners" in the prison to be put back, and it was forbidden to catch people and whip the people. Then he sent a notice to every household to relax the tax amount and time limit. As a result, the people paid taxes voluntarily and paid all the taxes they owed within one month. Although Feng Xin has only been in office for half a year, he first practiced his own politics of not disturbing the people and achieved great success.

In the same year 10, Yang Wanli began to do court work outside his doctor's office because of the recommendation of his right-hand man Yu. The following year, Zhang Qian was offended by opposing Hou Xing's appointment to an important position and was excluded from the knowledge. Yang Wanli fought against improper dismissal and wrote a letter to Yu, urging him to talk it over. An excellent course, forgetting public and private, is praised by the world. In July, he transferred to Dr. Taichang; In eight years, Mardam was promoted to Tai Changze, and hundreds of officials treated Lang Guan; In April, 1999, he will be transferred to juvie. In the first month of the first year of Xichun (1 174), in addition to knowing the state, he did not forget to write a letter when he left, urging the emperor to abstain from corruption and honesty. After his illness, he didn't go to work and lived at home for three years. In the spring of four years, Xichun came to Changzhou.

In the sixth year of Xichun (A.D. 1 179), in addition to promoting tea salt in Changping, Guangdong. Yang Wanli left Changzhou with his family in February, staying for nearly a year, and left Jishui for Guangdong in the first month of seven years. 1February, 988, he was transferred to Guangdong for custody. In winter, Fujian "stole" Shen Shi to Meizhou, and he led the troops to settle down. He was called "the courage of the benevolent" by Xiaozong and was given a secret cabinet. 1In July, 999, her stepmother died and left her post in mourning.

In the 11th year of Xichun (A.D. 1 184), he was dismissed from the army in October, and was called to Beijing as the right lang of Shangshu, and later as the foreign lang of the official department. In May of 12th year, he wrote letters to discuss current affairs, except the official department minister, both at home and abroad. Wang Huai, the prime minister of Sai Xiang, asked "What is the prime minister's top priority", and Yang Wanli answered with "Talent's top priority", and listed the books recommending Jinshi, and recommended 60 people including Zhu Jiao, all of whom were upright people. Filial piety encouraged him to study for the prince, who wrote the word "Chengzhai". In the thirteenth year of Xichun, he was transferred to the Privy Council to inspect the detailed palace. He has served as a right doctor and a left doctor in Shangshu Province, and still serves as an attendant in the East Palace. 14 years 10 months as a supervisor. /kloc-in March of 0/5, Xiaozong accepted the advice of Hong Mai, a bachelor of Hanlin, and suggested that Lv Yihao and others go to the Gaozong Temple to worship. Yang Wanli won the cooperation of Zhang Jun, the main battle star, and accused Hong Mai of being inattentive and arbitrary, which was tantamount to "pointing the deer at the horse" and annoyed Xiaozong: "Why is Wan Li dominated by the alliance?" Therefore, the secret pavilion was broken, and Zhisi Prefecture (now Gao 'an, Jiangxi) was known.

In February of 16th year (AD 1 189), Guangzong accepted Zen. Yang Wanli returned to the Secret Pavilion in May, was called in August and went to Beijing in September. He wrote three letters in succession, asking Guangzong to take care of talents and prevent adulterers from "being diligent for one day, frugal for two days, taking three days off, imprisoned for one day, approaching a gentleman for five days, and telling the truth" (the third letter). In October, except for the secretary. Because of the change of yuan, he borrowed a bachelor's degree from Huan, accompanied by Jin Guohe, and also recorded the court examiner.

In August of Shao Xiyuan (A.D. 1 190), Xiaozong chronicled. Traditionally, Yang Wanli, the secretary-in-charge, prefaces the calendar, while the minister asks others. Yang Ting then committed suicide, requested to leave his post, and Guangzong remained. Then, because he wanted to enter the book Zheng Sheng by Xiao Zong, the minister took him as an official, but Xiao Zong was still nostalgic and unhappy, so he went out to Jiangdong to be an agreement.

In the second year of Shao Xi (A.D. 1 192), the court ordered the implementation of the Tieqian Society in the counties in the south of the Yangtze River. Yang Wanli wrote a letter to remonstrate, refused to obey the imperial edict and offended the minister, thus changing his understanding of Ganzhou. I didn't go. I took a sick leave in August and went back to Jishui. "If a sick crane comes out of the cage, it's like throwing a rabbit into the forest ... and then it's hidden from the world (Answer to Shen Zishou).

In the first year of the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1 195), Ning Zong was called to Beijing, but Yang Wanli refused to go. In September, I was promoted to the cabinet and then to Xingguo Palace. In the first month of four years, Jishui County was founded with 500 households in the food city. In March of five years, he was promoted to be an official in Baowenge. In 20061February, he became the founder of Jishui County. In August of Jiatai's third year (A.D. 1203), he was admitted to Mo Bao Pavilion and given clothes. In the first month of four years, when Luling County was founded, 300 food cities were added. In the first year of Jubilee (AD 1205), he was called to Beijing and resigned. In February 2002, he was promoted to bachelor's degree in Mo Bao Pavilion.

Yang Wanli vowed not to be an official in his later years. It is said that he is dissatisfied with Han Ni, the powerful minister. Zhu Hannan Garden asked him to be a "keeper". He said, "Officials can be abolished, but you can remember them!" Resolutely refuse. Later, because of Korea's expertise in Japan, he was worried and angry, and soon became ill. His family knew that he was very concerned about the country, so they were afraid to tell him all the current political news. On May 7th, the second year of Jubilee (A.D. 1206), a son and nephew came from outside, and they didn't know they were lazy. So when Yang Wanli heard the news of Han Niwei's invasion of the Northern Expedition in the bunker, he burst into tears and sighed angrily: "The traitor is wrong, as for this!" He knew that Han Ni's stomach was lucky. If he acted rashly, he would fail and endanger the country. He stayed up all night that night. The next morning, he refused to eat again, sat in his study, pulled out a piece of paper, and wrote a cloud: "Han Ni's treacherous court official monopolized the yuan Lord and mobilized the army to harm the people and seek to sleep in danger." With such a head, I have no choice but loneliness and anger! "Don't 14 say goodbye to your wife and children, and the pen has dropped. When I was 80. To Wen Yi Festival, posthumously to Dr. Guanglu. Yang Wanli is a passionate patriot and a sober politician. Throughout his life, he advocated the war of resistance and always opposed kneeling for peace. In many "books", "strategies" and "miscellaneous things" written by the emperor, he lamented Chen Jiazhi's illness many times and tried his best to avoid the mistake of surrender. His patriotism was beyond words. In the face of the ruin of the Central Plains and the fact that only half of the country is left, he pointedly pointed out: "Those who are the country of the world must not forget their enemies, and the worries of the world are even worse!" ("thousand concerns? "On the National Conditions" warns the rulers to always remember to be prepared to defend the enemy, seek the enemy and defend the enemy to win. He not only boldly criticized Xiaozong's defeat after the separation, "the courage of the day before yesterday became timid, and the sharpness of the day before yesterday became dull" (ibid., Jundao), but also resolutely opposed some people's easy-to-use soldiers and blind rashness, and advocated "keeping and taking it" ("asking Chen Ying for a book"), striving for progress steadily, consolidating national strength first and then trying to recover, in order to finally win. He attached importance to and sympathized with the people, saying, "The people are the destiny of the country, but officials are also enemies." ("thousands of considerations? Civil affairs) links the fate of the country with the people, and denouncing officials will only crush the people and arouse their hatred, anger and resistance. Therefore, he reminded Guangzong to save money, collect wealth, win the hearts of the people, make the people rich, and then make the country peaceful and rejuvenate. All these show Yang Wanli's profound knowledge and progressive thought.

Yang Wanli is a straightforward person with a fresh personality. Xiaozong dismissed him as "not in the law", while Guangzong called him "also full of temperament" (Volume 4 of Helu). He was upright in the court, daring to speak out when something happened, criticizing the current abuses and being reckless, so he was never of great use. In fact, he regarded the official wealth as our exhibition all his life and spurned it anytime and anywhere. When I was in Beijing Palace, I prepared my way home from Hangzhou in advance, locked it in a box and hid it in my bedroom, and forbade my family not to buy anything, so as not to be overloaded with luggage once I left my job and returned to my hometown, so I would "urge them to clean up every day". This is in stark contrast to those who struggle for promotion and suffer from loss.

Yang Wanli is an honest official, not disturbing the people, not greedy for money and things. When the Jiangdong transshipment agreement expires, he should still have more than 10 thousand yuan. He left it all in the official library and came back penniless. Retreat above Nanxi, in the area of my old house, just to avoid the wind and rain. Ji Xu (A.D.1162-1214), a poet at that time, praised him for being "clear as water, and poor only with gold" (voting for Yang Chengzhai), which is a true portrayal of his poor life.

Yang Wanli's poems had a great influence at that time: "Who is the master in today's poetry world, Cheng Zhai's poetry method is being implemented." (Jiang Teli's "Xie Yangcheng Zhai President's Sentence") "The four seas become Zhai to dominate the poetry world." (Xiang Anshi's "Two Poems with Rhyme") His poetry creation has gone through a road from learning from others to learning from many teachers, and then facing reality and learning from nature. He started as a Jiangxi Poetry School at first, and then set himself on fire in Lingling in 32 years in Shaoxing to write as few as a thousand poems, determined to jump out of the trap of Jiangxi Poetry School, and his poetic style changed greatly. Later, he learned Chen Shidao's five-character method; Learn Wang Anshi's seven-character quatrains again; And learn the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty; When it came to the "Poetry Talk of the Hundred Days of 1898", the Tang people politely declined, but Wang, Chen and Jiangxi were afraid to learn, and then enjoyed it. "Since then," Vientiane has come to offer poems ","The former has not been done, and the latter has been forced, so it is difficult to write poems "(Preface to Jingxi Collection). Yang Wanli learned extensively from his predecessors, but he never stood still, but was determined to surpass him. He said, "I didn't know there were predecessors in the pen. ""I'm ashamed of myself, "he added." Writers have their own affairs. Huang (Ting Jian) and Chen (Shi Dao) rest under the fence, while Tao (Yuan Ming) and Xie (Lingyun) stand out from the crowd before leaving. "("Postscript Xu's Poems on Recent Work in the Province ") It is with this pioneering and innovative spirit that he refused to follow suit and finally" shed all his fur and express his thoughts alone "(,Wu Zhizhen, Wu's Poems on Song Poetry? ) Cheng Zhai Shi Chao), all the way, formed a unique poetic style, created his "Zhai Cheng style", was unique in the history of poetry, and established his own school of poetry.

Yang Wanli's poetry works are eclectic and varied, ranging from the heroic momentum of "returning a thousand troops to the Three Gorges, penetrating the heavenly heart and the moon cave" to the "graceful posture, describing people's feelings, and then describing details, and wonderful music" (Postscript of Yang Tingxiu's Stone Man Peak by Zhou Bida). His "sincere style" poems are characterized by novelty, strangeness, liveliness, fun and humor, and "the beauty of circulation is round" (Liu Kezhuang's Preface to Jiangxi Poetry School? General preface ")," lively thorn in the bottom "(Liu Qi's" Gui "Volume 8), especially praised. Take a nap in early summer, for example: "Plum teeth are sore, and bananas divide the screens. I slept for a long time and thought mercilessly, watching children catch willow branches. " This is written with deep feelings, and it is called Things Beyond the Heart (Volume 41 of He Lu). Another example is playing with a pen, watching it on the beach in Hengshan Mountain and playing it on D in summer night, all of which are ingenious, thoughtful and have strong artistic appeal. Yang Wanli paid great attention to the advantages of learning folk songs and absorbed many lively poems of colloquial people. He often "pretends proverbs and enters from the mouth" (Jiang Hongxiang's Tang poems), thus forming a popular, simple, natural and vivid language feature.

Yang Wanli is a patriot. He cared about the fate of the country all his life and left a lot of poems to express his patriotic feelings and worries of the times. In particular, when he was accompanied by He, the ambassador of the State of Jin, he saw with his own eyes the splendid rivers and mountains of the Song Dynasty and the adherents of the Central Plains who perished in the State of Jin, and his heart was full of great shame and indignation at the national subjugation, so his patriotic poetry creation was the most concentrated and intense. For example, the famous quatrains on the fourth day of the Huaihe River: "The ship is far from Hongze Beach, and people are not happy to go to the Huaihe River. Why do you say that the frontier boundary is calculated by distant rivers, and the boundary north of Huaihe River is the end of the day! (1) "It's hard to talk with the waves when ships on both sides of the strait go against the tide. Only the gull warbler is free, flying from the north to the south "(3) sang the sympathy of patriots and the broad masses of the people in the disaster. For another example, when he saw that the Golden Hill Tunhaige had become a special place to make tea for the gold ambassador, he uttered a cry of pain: "The great river is a shame to others! The sadness of Jinshan section to others! " The whip has brought humiliation and incompetence to the Southern Song Dynasty. In addition, such as The First Mountain in the Southeast of the Fetal Army, Reading Your Guilt, So Shao Shi's Poems of Zhang Weigong, Yu Zexiang's Poems, Su Mu Niu Qin Ting's Taishi Fenan, etc. , or reposing the thoughts of home and country, or calling for the resumption of the Anti-Japanese War, or praising the generals who resisted gold, or satirizing traitors and traitors, are all masterpieces that directly express patriotic thoughts.

Most of Yang Wanli's patriotic poems are not as bold and straightforward as Lu You's, but they suppress the pride in his chest and condense thousands of layers of molten pulp underground, and most of them are written in a deep and gloomy way. For example, "Crossing the Yangtze River": "Bring a bottle to draw water from the heart of the river, and try to make tea first." On the surface, it seems to be the pleasure of drinking water and frying tea by yourself, but in fact it contains deep and painful feelings of shame and indignation, which must be appreciated by climbing Jinshan with reference to snow and fog. Yang Wanli himself said: "whoever says he is a hacker at the moon meal will be worried." Many of his lyric works about scenery and mountains and moons are also poems about patriotic feelings. For example, two poems on the Zhang Yu River on the night of September 15, a close look at the two quatrains that lack Guangxi University in the north and Maonan nationality in the south, without the help of the ancients, the quatrains of drinking fruit under the moon and jathyapple in Zaowan are full of twists and turns, which are meaningful and contain deep depression and resentment for the country's ruin and the failure of the Central Plains. In his later years, he had a painful self-narrative in Reading Poems at Night: "Two windows and two horizontal volumes, one reading and one touching; Only in the middle of the night is it known to the eternal heart. " The profound meaning contained in his poems is worthy of careful chewing by future generations.

"If my fingers don't touch mud, my hair cone will be proud?" Yang Wanli did not pretend to be a scholar-bureaucrat. He loved the countryside all his life, sympathized with farmers and wrote many poems reflecting farmers' lives. For example, compassion for farmers, peasant sighs, autumn rain sighs, compassion for drought, Du Baisha bamboo school songs and so on. Describe the hardships and sufferings of farmers' labor, 1: songs and dances of the four seasons, songs of transplanting rice seedlings, etc. Describe the pain and joy of farmers' labor, and watch the rain and have fun after entering the city.

Yang Wanli is knowledgeable and diligent in writing, and has written a lot in his life. According to legend, there are more than 20,000 poems, more than 4,200 existing poems and many excellent essays. Cheng Zhai Ji (volume 133) was compiled by his eldest son Yang Chang in the first year of Jiading (A.D. 1208). Yang Changkun (A.D. 1 157- 1236), whose real name is Bozi and Dongshan, was an old man on the farm in the evening. He used to be Fujian Anfu ambassador and a bachelor's degree in Wenfu Museum. He lives in related festivals and is good at politics, study and writing.

Catalogue of works

In early summer, when I slept, Zhao Jun complained and showed kindness to Lin Zifang.

Xianjuchu Xiao Xia siesta Xi Subi Xinshi Xugong Branch

And Duan Zuo Zanghui's four quatrains live in the hope of recruiting talents and reading Biography of Yan Ziling in Beishan, south of the Yangtze River.

Huaiguli Haitang Huaiguli Haitang

Chun Qing nostalgia hometown begonia read Yan Ziling back and forth.

It's a good thing to send a message to military attache Liu in Yangcun. Niannujiao hurts spring.

Night wind night wind Wulingchun drama pen

Idle in early summer, take a nap, and a small pool will dawn Jingci Temple Xinliu.

Recalling Qin E's "Revenge of Zhao Jun" and "Revenge of Zhao Jun"