The history of Chahayang

Shangchahayang Farm has remarkable brilliant achievements and excellent revolutionary tradition. However, in the past long years, a bitter and sad history was written here with the blood and tears of pioneers.

Historically, 48 degrees north latitude was once a cold boundary. The annual average temperature in Chahayang is only -0.6 degrees, and the lowest temperature in winter is -4 1.00℃. It is ruled by arrogant frost for eight months every year, and four natural disasters, namely spring drought, autumn waterlogging, low temperature and first frost, ravage this land almost in turn. In such a harsh natural environment, only a few wild horses of northern nomads occasionally haunt the vast wasteland in this area. According to historical records, during the thousands of years from the Zhou and Qin Dynasties to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the nomadic people living in this area successively included Lisu, Fuyu remnant in the north, Shiwei, Nanshiweiwuwanbu, Qidan, Nuzhen, Daur and Suolun (Ewenki). Due to bad weather, traffic congestion, backward productivity and other factors, Chahayang was still a barren border and sparsely populated until the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the 20th century.

Historically, Chahayang, a black land in the alpine region, has attracted attention for its rich resources, and it has been reclaimed by immigrants for three times.

The first time occurred about 880 years ago, that is, in the fifth year of Jin Taipi Tianfu (1 12 1 year). At that time, in order to prevent the Liao army from making a comeback, Jin Yan appointed an important general, general manager Poluho of Taizhou, and spent a lot of people, material resources and financial resources to "garrison" the farm and its long northwest border line, build a northeast road trench, "recruit immigrants" and "send garrison troops to" Meng 'an "(a tribal chief with a thousand people) and" Mouke "(a tribal chief with a hundred people). Unfortunately, in the third year of the reign of Shao Wei, King of Jin (12 1 1), when the increasingly powerful Mongols launched a national annexation war against the State of Jin, Jin Jie's trench was breached in one fell swoop, and Wu Jun stationed in other places was either killed or captured, or abandoned his family and fled to other places. As a result, this place once again became a prehistoric uninhabited nomadic land.

The second immigration reclamation was from the 32nd year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1906) to the 20th year of the Republic of China (193 1). On the eve of the fall of Northeast China. 1904, the Qing government lifted the policy of banning northeast China. 1906, officials sent by Cheng Dequan, deputy governor of Qiqihar, arrived in gannan county where Chahayang was located and began to establish a famine relief bureau, which led to the emergence of Han immigrants in Jilin, Liaoning and other places and settled in this wasteland. By September of 193 1, the settled population in Gannan reached 48,856, and the population density per square kilometer also increased to 14. Among them, 1929 received 20 683 migrants from disaster areas in Henan Province, which was the largest number of migrants in the second resettlement period. However, due to the fatuity and corruption of the rulers, as well as the constraints of climate, transportation and productivity, the second immigration reclamation progressed slowly and achieved little results.

At that time, because Chahayang area was far away from the county seat, its 8,900 square kilometers of land was an endless wasteland and wild animals except for a few sparsely populated natural villages built on the edge. Especially in the first year of the Puppet Datong after the fall of Northeast China (1932), there were three disasters: war, banditry and flood, which forced Gannan immigrants to flee one after another, and several natural huts on the farm were almost empty ... In this way, the reclamation of immigrants ended tragically.

Compared with the previous two times, the third time is "immigrants filling the sea" in quotation marks. To be exact, it is a naked act of aggression by Japanese imperialism plundering and brutal occupation. As early as 1930, that is, the fifth year of Showa in Japan (the Japanese invaders invaded China in September? Before the 18th Incident, Xiong Xiling, the traffic supervisor of Qin Tian, drafted the Opinions on Resettlement in Three Northeast Provinces, which was approved by the Japanese Emperor. This is also the plan of "immigration and reclamation" released by Japanese imperialism to occupy China. After they occupied the Northeast, they took a fancy to Chahayang, a place with fertile soil and flat terrain, close to Nenjiang River, Nuo Min River and two tributaries along the river, and rich in water resources. They want to transform this land into paddy fields as granaries and solve the problem of rations for millions of Kwantung Army. Since 1939 (in the 14th year of Showa), the 10 armed pioneering group and 1 industrious official team with a total of about 3,700 people have been organized in eight counties including Yamagata and Fukui, Japan, and the "reclamation" plan has been carried out in Chahayang area successively, and the headquarters and hospitals of the pioneering group have been established. At that time, in order to build this large-scale irrigation area, which mainly planted rice, the Japanese drove a large number of Chinese workers to dig ditches and build dams and build water conservancy projects every year. From 1939 to 1945, they lured and forced hundreds of thousands of workers from Hebei and Shandong. Workers eat pig and dog food, and countless people are tortured to death. According to records, there are 654.38+0.5 million laborers in Huanghaogou in Chahayang area alone. In just five years, more than 50,000 people died. According to the construction time, an average of 34 people died every day. The white bones in the mass graves on the south side of Huanghaogou Reservoir (now Taiping Lake Reservoir) are terrible. ...

Even so, until 1945 "8? On the eve of the collapse of the first five-year plan of the Japanese invaders, the water conservancy project they built in Chahayang was still unfinished, only 30,000 mu of paddy fields were planted, which was less than 5% of the planned 670,000 mu, and 80/kloc-0 members of the Japanese pioneering group were killed or injured by illness (including those who committed suicide due to the collapse of Japan). After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, most of the former sites of the pioneering group in Chahayang area were destroyed, and the unfinished water conservancy projects were also in ruins. At the same time, members of the Japanese pioneering group withdrew from China in batches, and the so-called "immigration and reclamation" vanished with the smoke.

1945 After the liberation of Northeast China, Chahayang finally returned to the people's arms. 1September, 947, Chahayang Farm was born in the gunfire of the Liberation War. In 65438+February of the same year, Wang Wen, director of the Construction Department of Nenjiang Province, Jin Shuyuan, deputy director of Nenjiang Province, and Gao Guofan, secretary of the Provincial Department of Finance, were appointed by the provincial government to lead 12 students and four water conservancy technicians from the finance and administration classes of the Provincial Administrative Cadre School to the head of Chahayang Irrigation District, and began to repair and continue the construction of water conservancy projects here. Since then, the first page in the history of farm construction has been opened.

1948 65438+ 10, Wang, director of the Economic Construction Division of the Second Division of Ximan Military Region, led more than 200 people to establish Pingyang Farm in Pingyang Town, which is adjacent to Chahayang area and has only a few hundred families, and served as the director of farm preparation. 1February, 948, Nenjiang provincial government transferred 45 backbones from rural areas and all districts of Qi city, and transferred 125 students from Qiqihar United Middle School to train the first batch of tractor drivers for Pingyang Farm in Cuijiamiao, Qiqihar City. In April, after months of fighting by 65,438+0,000 PLA officers and 200 workers, the large and small overflow dikes at the head of the canal were completed. 1September, 949, the farm was moved from Pingyang Town to the "Big Chimney" area, the former site of the Japanese Puppet Development Group, and renamed Chahayang Machine Farm. During this period, the Northeast Liberated Area imported the first batch of "Nazi" tractors from the Soviet Union and just allocated 24 farms. Together with the original four sets, there were 28 tractors in the whole station, which became five provinces and one city in Heilongjiang at that time (Heilongjiang, Songjiang, Mudanjiang, Nenjiang, Hejiang and Harbin special cities), and was also the first batch of nine state-owned or provincial farms established in China (the other eight were garden and provincial farms). By the end of 1949, there were 63 tracked wheeled tractors in the whole station, accounting for 3/3 of the total in Heilongjiang.

The birth of New China has brought great vitality to the development of Chahayang. The party and the state attach great importance to the construction of Chahayang, deploy a large number of cadres and skilled workers to support the construction of farms, and invest huge sums of money to restore and support water conservancy projects in irrigation areas. By 1955, the cultivated land area of Chahayang Farm had reached more than 240,000 mu, which was one of the largest state-owned mechanized farms at that time. In starting a business, the pioneers of these farm builders lived in humble shacks, eating millet, sorghum, corn and cakes, chewing pickles and drinking cold water. In the harsh environment that ordinary people can't bear, they endured the attack of snow and snow, the threat of jackals and poor living conditions, but they wrote an epic about labor and construction with their tenacious spirit, selfless labor and sincere dedication. A large number of heroes emerged, including the famous Liang Jun women's tractor team; Even the national model workers Wang Shicheng and Wang Shilin who have created industry records; National model workers and national advanced producers, Saren, Qiao Wenquan, Fang Zhihao, Wang. 1in August, 948, more than 200 officers and men of the logistics department of the provincial military region led by Li Changde reclaimed land in the Jiabao shack in Chahayang. Soon, they collectively jumped ship and became the backbone of agricultural reclamation workers. 1February, 956, some officers and men of the famous Second Division of Agricultural Construction participated in the development and construction of Chahayang; During the period of 1958, in the upsurge of 100,000 demobilized officers and men marching into the Great Northern Wilderness, 473 demobilized officers and men went to Chahayang, becoming a new force in farm construction.

In 1960s, three years of natural disasters brought huge losses to the farm. 196 1 year, the output of grain and beans is only 4 1 kg, making it difficult for workers to eat. However, Chahayang people still take the overall situation into consideration, preferring to eat substitute food themselves and give the best food to the country. From 1960 to 1962, the farm transported 34,520 tons of grain to the country. Every kilogram of food reflects the sincerity of the people of Chahayang to * * * and the country!

During the Cultural Revolution, Chahayang was in turmoil. Under very difficult circumstances, the broad masses of cadres and workers stick to their posts and devote themselves to production, showing a high sense of responsibility and political consciousness.

196865438+February, Chahayang Farm was established as the 55th Regiment of the 5th Division of shenyang military area command Heilongjiang Production and Construction Corps, which was later divided into three regiments: 50 Regiments, 55 Regiments and 67 Regiments. During this period, more than 1 1900 young intellectuals from Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Harbin, Qiqihar, Jixi and other large and medium-sized cities responded to Chairman Mao's great call and took "opening up wasteland to defend the border" as their own responsibility and poured into Chahayang. They are in their early twenties, and the youngest is only 16 years old, which is in the prime of life. This most powerful new force, full of youth, has dyed the sky of Chahayang red, brought vitality to the farm and brought communication and integration between urban and rural areas. Since then, the farm has undergone unprecedented profound changes in education, health, sports, literature and art, and even customs and habits.

In that particular era, under the example of the old army reclamation soldiers, the educated youth showed heroic passion to fight against the world. They gave their youth for the development of the farm under very difficult conditions, which is the youth with no regrets! It is this extremely difficult living environment that has honed their perseverance and laid a solid foundation for their life path!

From 65438 to 0978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party sent Chahayang a mighty spring breeze of reform and opening up, and since then, Chahayang's economic development has undergone a historic turning point.

198 1 year, Chahayang began to implement the contract responsibility system of joint production, which greatly improved the enthusiasm and sense of responsibility of cadres and workers, and the farm realized the goal of turning losses into profits.

1983, Chahayang took the lead in implementing the contract economic responsibility system in Heilongjiang reclamation area, and 600,000 mu of cultivated land was contracted to households one after another. In this way, "big pot rice" has completely become a "small pot rice", breaking the frame of "all public" in state-owned farms and embarking on a new road of household contract responsibility system.

From 65438 to 0988, Chahayang deepened reform, decentralized transformation, workers took care of production and living expenses, adjusted industrial structure, and included rice transplanting in the development direction.

From 65438 to 0990, the development of peasant rice reached a climax. The transplanting area of the whole field not only broke through the unrealized plan of 10,000 mu for three consecutive years, namely 1.987, 1.988, 1.999, but also reached 33,947 mu, accounting for 47% of the rice area. The average yield per mu of transplanted rice reached 424.7 kg, which was 49.6% higher than that of direct seeding rice. Compared with 1989, the total rice output increased by 8 968 tons, an increase of 48.2%. Since then, Chahayang rice development has been at the forefront of the reclamation area.

199 1 chahayang established the "bird project" of farm economy based on the record of high yield and high efficiency of rice in the late 1980s, in which the advantages of self-flow irrigation in irrigation areas were brought into play and high-tech rice was developed as the "bird head", which promoted the development of various industries. Intensify the structural adjustment of agricultural planting, and put forward the policy of "compressing wheat, stabilizing soybeans, ensuring sugar beet and increasing the planting area of corn and rice"; From 199 1 to 1998, the "comprehensive agricultural development project" was implemented in stages, and more than 200,000 mu of waterlogged depressions were changed from dry fields to paddy fields, and tens of thousands of mu of barren dry fields were improved, regulated and water conservancy projects were built. At the same time, in order to promote the sustainable development of agriculture and the rapid development of farm economy, the "two selves" (self-care for production and living expenses) has been strengthened for family farms, so that the "two selves" rate has increased from about 40% before 1993 to more than 95% after 1995; 1995 In the spring and autumn, 46,860 mu of paddy fields with four years and five years were leased twice, and all 1693 agricultural machinery were transferred to employees with compensation. 1997, the land lease period was changed from "one package per year" to 2 to 10 years. 1999, the land rent was paid in kind (grain), and the land lease period was extended to 30 years, which improved the two-tier management system of large farms and small farms and further stimulated the sense of ownership and production enthusiasm of family farm workers.

In the 1990s, the output and total output of grain and beans in Chahayang increased year by year, and the economic benefits of the farm continued to improve. 1997, the unit yield and total output of farm grain and beans increased from 0 19 189 kg and 86 155 tons to 392 kg and 2 16 774 tons, respectively, with growth rates of 107%. From 1995 to 1997, the farm has created a miracle of planting rice in a large area in the north for three consecutive years. 1998, despite the once-in-a-century flood, there was still a bumper harvest of 1 10000 mu of rice with a yield of 550 kg. 1992, the total output of grain and beans in the whole field exceeded 654.38+million tons for the first time, and exceeded 654.38+million tons every year for the next four years; 1997, 1999 and 2000, the total output of grain and beans exceeded the 200,000-ton mark.

In the 1990s, agricultural production in Chahayang developed steadily, and the rice area increased to 360,000 mu. The first green food rice base in China was born here. From 65438 to 0999, the output of grain and beans on the farm exceeded 400 kilograms. For many years, the dream of "going online, crossing the Yellow River and the Yangtze River" has become a reality!

In addition, in the 1990s, the reform of industry and commerce, transportation, construction and service industries was gradually deepened, and the shareholding system reform with clear property rights and private ownership by the people was carried out. The non-state-owned economy was accelerated, the economic structure was diversified, and the industrial structure and economic composition of farms changed greatly. In the 1990s, the construction of small towns on farms reached a new level. More than a dozen bright and spacious workers' fund-raising buildings have sprung up, and primary and secondary school teaching buildings, central hospital buildings and other buildings are all over the country. Digital direct dial telephones connecting domestic and foreign networks have entered thousands of households, and CCTV can receive programs from more than a dozen channels across the country. The straight and wide cement road reached 47,680 square meters ... It was a thriving weather before human beings appeared.

However, looking back on the course of more than half a century, Chahayang's road forward is not smooth sailing. Before the 1980s, 1958' s "one leveling and two adjustments" and "exaggeration", 1960 to 1962' s three-year natural disasters, and 1966' s "cultural revolution" brought great disasters to the farm and suffered. In the early 1980s, there was an argument that Chahayang was not suitable for planting rice, resulting in only tens of thousands of acres of paddy fields left on the farm, and a large number of water conservancy facilities in the irrigation area were abandoned, resulting in huge waste. In the middle period, due to the lack of ideas, theories and policies, the farm once set up family farms repeatedly, and the economic development fell into a trough. In the late 1990s, due to market depression, low prices, sales difficulties, and the decline in comparative benefits of farming, it was often a bumper harvest, and the average annual income of farms was still not high. ...

Undoubtedly, Chahayang's economic development is facing many difficulties at present, but we should also see that Chahayang still has a lot of resources to be developed and has great potential for economic development. Opportunities and challenges coexist, and hopes and difficulties coexist. The future of the farm will show a broader and more magnificent prospect.