Pusan Xihuanghou Hotel

Li Xi (1852-19 19)

Korean king (1863- 1896), emperor of the Korean empire (1896-1907)-after the independence of Korea.

The word "Holy Family" was originally called "Dang" and the word "Mingfu" was originally called "Chengxuan"

Temple number: Gaozong

Posthumous title: Long Zhaoyun, Ji Dunlun, Zheng Shengyi, Gong Mingda, De Yao Junshun, Mo Yu and Tang Jing were ordered to establish discipline to transform the gods, Li Jue, Xun Hongye, Qi Jixuan, Li Gan, Xing Kun, Ding Yingyi, Hong Xiu Shou, Kang Wenxian, Wu Zhang Renyi, and Xiao Taidi.

The second son is in the compound, and his mother is Min. 1852, born on July 25th in the private residence of Zhenshanfang, Seoul (Di Jun Xing Xuan Courtyard). 1863, Guihai (two years of Tongzhi), Zhezong of the Korean dynasty died, childless, and was the winged queen of Shenzhen.

After Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne, for the first time in 500 years, the king's biological father Da Yuan Jun was still alive and was in charge of government affairs. After da Yuan Jun came to power, he took severe measures to persecute Catholics. A total of 6,543.8+0.2 million Catholics were arrested nationwide, including 654.38+0.2 French missionaries and 9 were killed. This led France to send warships to the west coast of Korea for revenge in 654.38+0.866. History calls it "bing yin interferes with others." 187 1 year, the U.S. envoy to China asked for the founding of North Korea, which was rejected. American warships went to Jianghua Island to demonstrate, which was called "Xin Wei's foreign interference". Both foreign interventions ended in the withdrawal of foreign warships. Dayuanjun thought this was the success of the policy of locking up the country, so he became increasingly conservative and set up the "Refusal to Peace Memorial Hall" in Seoul and other places.

1873, Emperor Gaozong announced his support for the government when he was 2 1 year old. In the face of foreign invasion, the new government of China-Africa consortium advocated abolishing the practice of closing the door to the outside world and restoring diplomatic relations with Japan. However, due to the Japanese attempt to get North Korea to dissolve its suzerain-vassal relationship with China, it was delayed by the DPRK. +In March 0868, Meiji government responded to Ma Fan's request. North Korea's foreign affairs are entrusted to Ma Fan as usual. The Japanese government entrusted Ma Fan to send a notice of "restoring the past" to North Korea. North Korea refused to accept the words "emperor", "courtiers" and "serve" which only emperor China could use. Later, the Meiji government sent a foreign affairs recorder, Sata Baimao, to visit North Korea, but North Korea did not receive Japanese envoys except Ma Fan. Sata stayed in Busan to negotiate. After returning to China, he vigorously advocated the theory of "recruiting Korea." In order to urge North Korea to speed up the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea, Japan sent warships Yunyang and Ding Mao to the west coast of North Korea to demonstrate and measure charts, and exchanged fire with the battery on Jianghua Island. Known as the "Jianghua Island Incident" (Yunyang Incident). Later, according to the founding requirements of the Perry Fleet of the United States, Japan ordered North Korea to establish a country quickly. The following year, Japan and North Korea signed the Great Japan-North Korea Agreement in Wujiang Hall on Jianghua Island. Japanese ambassador and consul; Japan enjoys consular jurisdiction in Korea and so on. Since then, it has signed relevant trade regulations.

At this time, some people of insight in North Korea have seen the necessity of reform. 1879, Cao lican suggested that Jin Hongji lead a delegation to visit Japan to discuss the opening of Incheon, the rice embargo and the revision of tariffs. 1880 When he returned to China, he brought back a pamphlet written by Huang Zunxian, an official of the Qing embassy in Japan. It's called "North Korea Strategy". The book suggests that in order to achieve economic development, North Korea should accept various European systems and technologies, and strengthen its defense capabilities in cooperation with China, Japan and the United States, so as to deter Russian expansion to the south. The book actually reflected the basic foreign policy of the Qing dynasty at that time, namely, resisting Russia, containing Japan and wooing the United States. This "strategy" was disclosed in North Korea. 1876, Confucian scholars who advocated expelling Japanese forces launched a strong movement against the infiltration of foreign capitalism. This movement soon spread among Confucian scholars in Gyeongsangdo, gangwon, Gyeonggi, Chungcheong and Jeolla. 188 1 year, the North Korean government sent a group of young aristocrats, the so-called "gentlemen's tour groups", to Japan to inspect the administration. Industrial and technical systems. At the same time, at the request of the Qing Dynasty, another group of 60 Korean youths, led by official Cao Can Yi Jin Yunzhi, visited China, where they mainly studied the skills of manufacturing and operating western weapons. This reform attempt originated from the government itself, so the wave of reform soon spread widely, sweeping not only the two classes and the middle class, but also the whole society.1010001017 North Korea and the United States signed the Treaty of Reconciliation between the DPRK and the United States. After the signing of the treaty, Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Italy, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark and other countries followed suit and signed similar treaties.

After the civil aviation group took office, the international and domestic situation was turbulent. 188 1 year, an attempted coup occurred in gaozong, and a mutiny occurred in renwu the following year. The Qing Dynasty sent troops to Korea. Japan demanded compensation for the burning of the legation by mutinous soldiers, and finally signed the Yoshiya Treaty with North Korea. 1884, the civilized faction of North Korea staged a coup in Shen Jia and announced.

Sino-Japanese peasant war broke out in Korea in Sino-Japanese War 1894 (thirty-one year of Emperor Gaozong, twenty years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty and twenty-seven years of Meiji in Japan). Hong Qixun was defeated by the same lake, so he asked for foreign aid. 1On June 3, 894, the North Korean government sent a message to the Qing Dynasty requesting to send troops. In order to compete for control of Korea, the Qing Dynasty and Japan fought the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. On June 23, the newly established North Korean government announced the abolition of all treaties signed with the Qing Dynasty, and North Korea will rely on the Japanese army to expel the Qing army from its territory. In the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, North Korea was forced to sign an alliance treaty with Japan to fight against the Qing Dynasty.

After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, with the assistance of Japan, the new North Korean government set up the "Military Affairs Maintenance Department" and began the internal affairs reform, including abolishing the six military punishments of Cao's courtesy to the official family and setting up eight departments of internal affairs, diplomacy, military affairs, legal affairs, agriculture and commerce, educational administration and public works. Waste eight roads and set up twenty-three; The palace is divided, the government is headed by the prime minister, and the palace affairs are headed by courtiers; Abolish the imperial examination; There are also social, financial and cultural reform measures, such as punishing corrupt officials, relaxing restrictions on trade activities, establishing a new monetary system based on silver, unifying financial management under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance, paying all taxes in cash in unified measurement, establishing joint-stock companies, separating judicial power according to the court reorganization law, and unifying the police force. This period of history is called "The Sino-Japanese War was changed". 1June 7, 895, 65438+1October 7 (December 16, Emperor Gaozong), led the prince and officials to the ancestral temple, held an oath ceremony, and announced 14 articles of Hong Fan, the first of which was to declare "to break the absolute attachment of the Qing Dynasty and truly establish an independent foundation", officially announcing the Korean Peninsula and the Chinese Empire.

After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Emperor Gaozong and Minfei Group completely lost their confidence and foundation in China. They saw that Japan was forced to return Liaodong Peninsula to China under the interference of Russia, in an attempt to use Russia to contain Japan. 1895 In mid-1995, the North Korean government ordered the arrest of the pro-Japanese minister Park Yongxiao on the grounds of plotting to assassinate Min Fei, and Park Yongxiao was forced to flee to Japan. Min Fei has become more and more pro-Russian, and Russia's power and influence in North Korea is growing. 1895101at dawn on October 8th, Japanese minister Mihura Tekru led Japanese soldiers and ronin, took Dayuanjun hostage, rushed into Gyeongbokgung Palace, killed Min Fei in Gan Qing Palace, set fire to the corpse, eliminated the pro-Russian forces in the palace, and formed a new government headed by Jin Hongji, known as B.I in history. Jin Hongji's cabinet announced the implementation of the Gregorian calendar. The date of 504 1 1 month 17 was changed to 505 1 month 1 day (1 896 65438+1month1). At the same time, the Korean people were ordered to cut their hair and put on clothes. This triggered a nationwide dissatisfaction in North Korea. Taking advantage of this situation, Russian Minister Weber took advantage of the situation and left the warship in Incheon. After consultation with the pro-Russian faction, on February 1896, 1 1, Emperor Gaozong led Wang Shizi out of the palace and asked for asylum in the Russian legation (the relocation of the Russian embassy). Emperor Gaozong ordered the arrest of five ministers of rebel thieves. Prime Minister Jin Hongji fell on the day when the Russian Embassy moved, and Minister of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce Zheng Bingxia was inspected and killed by citizens on the way to prison. Yu Yunzhong, the minister of education who fled abroad, was also killed on his way back to China. The minister of the interior, the minister of justice and the former minister of military affairs fled to Japan. North Korea established a pro-Russian regime, with Kim Shouzhi as prime minister and Li Wanyong as foreign minister.

1February, 897 1 1 day, the emperor and his party left the Russian Embassy and returned to Qingyun Palace, announcing the change of the name of the country to the Korean Empire, the second year of Yang as the first year of Guangwu, the king as the emperor, Wang Shizi as the crown prince and Min Fei as the queen, and worshiping heaven and earth in the dome and imperial vault of Seoul. Since then, both Japan and Russia have made sacrifices. The Shan County-Luo Ballauff Agreement and the Xiluo County Agreement coordinated the spheres of influence and various interests of the two countries in Korea, while the Qing Dynasty established equal modern diplomatic relations with Korea/Korean Empire.

Around 1903, the contradiction between Japan and Russia gradually intensified. Japan advocated "Manchuria Exchange", and Japan and Russia occupied Korea and Manchuria respectively. Russia claims to monopolize Manchuria, and the Korean peninsula north of 39 degrees north latitude is the sphere of Russian influence, and the sphere of Japanese influence south of 39 degrees north latitude, but Japan cannot be used for military purposes. On February 0904 10, South Korea was forced to sign six protocols to help Japan fight. After the war, Japanese Minister Quanzhu Lin forced South Korea to sign a new Japan-South Korea agreement (the first Japan-South Korea agreement), stipulating that South Korea should hire Japanese financial and diplomatic advisers and consult with Japan before concluding treaties with foreign countries. 1938 to 0905, Japan sent tens of thousands of troops into Seoul, surrounded the palace, and forced South Korean Foreign Minister Park Ji-chun to sign the Japan-South Korea Protection Agreement (the second Japan-South Korea Agreement, also known as the Japan Protection Treaty). * * * There are five articles: first, "Korea's future relations and affairs with foreign countries", "supervised and guided by the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs", Korean nationals and Second, "Japan has the responsibility to fulfill the existing treaties signed by South Korea and foreign countries, and it is not allowed to sign any in the future without the consent of the Japanese government. Specializing in diplomacy, while stationed in Seoul, the Japanese government also sent directors to various places, "under the command of the director, exercising all the duties previously belonging to the Japanese consul in South Korea and being responsible for the full implementation of this agreement." Fourth, "the existing treaties and agreements between Japan and South Korea that do not violate the provisions of this agreement will continue to be valid." Fifth, "the Japanese government guarantees to maintain the peace and dignity of the Korean royal family. "According to this agreement, South Korea lost the post of Foreign Minister, lost its diplomatic and internal sovereignty, became a protectorate of Japan, and actually became a colony of Japan. Since then, a massive resistance movement and the second anti-Japanese militia struggle have been formed in various parts of South Korea. At this time, the academic minister Li Wanyong, the military minister Li Genze, the interior minister Li Zhirong, the foreign minister Park Qichun, and the minister of agriculture, industry and commerce, who were in charge of Korean national affairs, were obviously called "thieves in the fourth quarter" by the Korean people. After the signing of the Japan-South Korea Protection Agreement, Japan's control over South Korea changed from consultant rule to the rule of Japan-South Korea unified supervision office. 1On October 23rd, the Japanese government announced the full text of the agreement, and informed the governments of various countries that have diplomatic relations with South Korea, asking them to withdraw their diplomatic representative offices in South Korea. Before the diplomatic missions of various countries were evacuated, Japan closed its embassy in Seoul, set up a new office for ruling North Korea-the Supervision Office, appointed the Speaker of the Privy Council, Ito Bowen, as the first supervision office, abolished Japanese consulates in various places, and set up a local office for the supervision office-the Council Hall.

Shortly after the signing of the Japan-South Korea Protection Agreement, Emperor Gaozong secretly wrote to the heads of the United States, Russia, Germany and France, declaring the Japan-South Korea Protection Agreement invalid. 1907, the second world peace conference was held in The Hague. Emperor Gaozong sent an emissary to The Hague, with a personal letter from Emperor Gaozong to the Russian czar and a power of attorney to attend the meeting, accusing Japan of invading South Korea and calling on all countries to support South Korea. Declare the Japan-South Korea protection treaty invalid. As all participating countries recognized Japan's right to protect South Korea, they confirmed Japan's representative status to Emperor Gaozong. At this time, South Korea's telecommunications rights fell into the hands of Japan, and the inquiry telegram was detained by Japan. When Ito Bowen heard this, he was furious. The notice and the letter of appointment were all forged ... Japan accused South Korea of violating the protection treaty. Ito threatened Emperor Gaozong and said, "Your Majesty might as well declare war on Japan by this insidious means." "To resist Japan, you don't have to do it in secret, you can do it in public." Ito also instructed the pro-Japanese organizations in South Korea to "enter the meeting" and carry out activities demanding the abdication of Emperor Gaozong. Under the instigation and intimidation of Ito, the Cabinet of Li Wanyong held three command meetings from July 6th to18th. At the meeting, Song Bingjun, minister of agriculture and industry and chairman of the meeting, threatened Emperor Gaozong and said, "There are only two plans for you today: one is for your majesty to go in person. Second, Your Majesty ... welcomes Commander Hasegawa (Haodao) and apologizes to him ",otherwise it is hard to imagine what kind of humiliation he will suffer after the defeat. "17 years, Li Wanyong and seven other ministers forced Emperor Gaozong to abdicate. On the same day, Japanese Foreign Minister Lin Dong arrived in Seoul and together with Prime Minister Li Wanyong forced Emperor Gaozong to abdicate. The two sides were deadlocked. Emperor Gaozong declared that "the military state is represented by the Crown Prince". The Japanese claimed that the Korean emperor had abdicated. 1907, 19 In July, the Japanese army set up six cannons in front of Qingyun Palace in Wuchengtai, Nanshan, Seoul, and sent Japanese troops to surround Qingyun Palace. Under the close care of Japanese soldiers, a meditation ceremony was held in Zhonghe Hall of Qingyun Palace. Crown Prince Li Di acceded to the throne for Chunzong.

After Emperor Gaozong was forced to abdicate, he was called Tai shang huang, watched by the Japanese army and lived in Qingyun Palace (later renamed Deshou Palace). 19 10 with the merger of Japan and South Korea, the Emperor of Korea and the Crown Prince Taihe were granted the status of Japanese royal family, and the title of the Emperor was reduced to "Deshou Palace Li" 56438+09 19.608. He is 68 years old. As for the cause of death, the governor of Japan and North Korea announced that it was a "cerebral hemorrhage attack", but there was no pathological report, which was naturally not credible. The Korean people believe that this is because Emperor Gaozong planned to send an envoy to attend the Paris Peace Conference to tell the Korean people about their sufferings under the rule of the Japanese governor and demanded the independence of South Korea, but this plan was leaked. Therefore, the governors' offices in Japan and North Korea ordered the attendants around Emperor Gaozong to secretly poison the imperial meals of Emperor Gaozong. On the night of Emperor Gaozong's death, he drank detoxification vinegar and was soon poisoned. He said bitterly, "What did I eat? I am so sad. " He passed away soon. After death, the eyes turn red, the whole body is erythema, and it decays quickly. +09 19.03. 1. Korean nationals took the opportunity to mourn the king who had experienced a rough life and held rallies and parades in various places to demand North Korea's independence, which was an important turning point in the "March 1 Movement" and the struggle for North Korea's independence in modern times.