What is the common sense about Guangdong Province?

Guangdong for short. Guangdong Province has been at the forefront of reform and opening up, with Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou taking the lead in establishing special economic zones, and has become the largest economic province in China. Guangdong Province is located in the southernmost part of Chinese mainland, bordering the South China Sea in the south, facing Hainan across the sea by the Qiongzhou Strait, bordering Guangxi in the west, Hunan and Jiangxi in the north and Fujian in the east. The whole province is located in low latitude, and the Tropic of Cancer runs through the middle of the land. Guangdong province has a subtropical monsoon humid climate. Guangdong is high in the north and low in the south, with mountains, plains and hills criss-crossing. Most rivers flow from north to south, mainly the Pearl River, Hanjiang River and Jianjiang River. Guangdong is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese in China. There are about 6 million Hong Kong and Macao compatriots whose ancestral home is Guangdong, and about 22 million overseas Chinese and Chinese, who are all over the world.

geographical overview

Guangdong is located in the southernmost part of Chinese mainland, with a total land area of 17.98 million square kilometers and a total coastline of 3,368 kilometers. There are many islands. South borders the South China Sea. Take Qiongzhou Strait as the boundary and face Hainan across the sea. Guangxi borders on the west. It borders Hunan and Jiangxi in the north and Fujian in the east. The whole province is located in low latitude, and the Tropic of Cancer runs through the middle of the land. Guangdong is high in the north and low in the south. Mountains, plains and hills crisscross the territory. The highest peak in the province is Shikenggan, located at the northwest end of this mountain, with an altitude of 192 meters. Most rivers flow from north to south, mainly the Pearl River, Hanjiang River and Jianjiang River. The Pearl River is the third largest river in China. The Pearl River Delta and Hanjiang Delta along the South China Sea are famous land of plenty.

Climatic characteristics

Guangdong Province is a subtropical and tropical monsoon climate, and it is a region rich in light, heat and water resources in China. The average annual temperature is above 19℃ except Lianshan in the northwest of Guangdong. The zonal distribution of temperature is obvious, which is generally lower in the north and higher in the south. The annual precipitation in most parts of Guangdong is 15~2 mm, but it is unevenly distributed, with great differences between regions and years. Guangdong is also one of the provinces most frequently hit by typhoons in China.

natural resources

Guangdong province is rich in animal and plant species, among which there are more than 1, species of wild plants, including more than 3 ancient plants, such as water pine, cycad and tree fern, which are called living fossils in Guangdong. The total number of plant species in the northern Nanling region exceeds the sum of plant species in the central and northern parts of China, and it is known as a green treasure house. There are also patches of mangroves on the beaches along the Pearl River Estuary. There are more than 7 kinds of wild animals, and the rare animals are Suman antelope and South China tiger. The fresh water area of the South China Sea is more than 273 square kilometers, and there are about 86 kinds of fish. There are 85 kinds of proven reserves in Guangdong's mineral resources, most of which are non-ferrous metals. Oil and natural gas resources are also abundant.

transportation

Guangdong is the southern gate of the motherland, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, and the nearest seaport to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Oceania, the Middle East and Africa. The transportation in the whole province is developed, and the sea, land and air transportation networks with Guangzhou as the center extend in all directions. There are more than 1 ports. There are 8 civil aviation airports. There are Beijing-Kowloon, Beijing-Guangzhou, Guangzhou-Meishan, Sanmao and other railway trunk lines, as well as Guangzhou-Shenzhen quasi-high-speed passenger cars through Kowloon. Highways extend in all directions and have a high grade.

economic overview

the development speed of industrial and agricultural production in Guangdong province is higher than the national average increasing level. Guangdong's industries mainly include food, household appliances, plastic products, clothing, cigarettes, ceramics, textiles, silk, machinery, electronics, electricity, coal, petroleum, shipbuilding, automobiles, chemicals, medicine, building materials and metallurgy. A complete industrial system has been formed. The categories and output value of electronic industry rank among the top in China. At the same time, Guangdong is also the production base of rice, vegetables and fruits in China. Pearl River Delta is the production base of grain, fruit and sugarcane. Leizhou Peninsula is a tropical crop production base.

cultural customs

in the long-term historical development, Guangdong has formed a rich and distinctive local culture, where three Chinese dialects are mainly used: Guangdong dialect (also known as Guangzhou dialect), Hakka dialect and Fujian dialect. The local folk art is colorful and diverse, mainly including Guangdong music, Cantonese opera, Chaozhou opera, Han opera, Lei Ju, Shan opera and so on.

provincial capital: Guangzhou

Guangzhou, also known as Yangcheng, is the capital of Guangdong province. Located in the middle of the province, it is adjacent to Huizhou in the east. It is adjacent to Foshan in the west. Qingyuan City and Shaoguan City in the north, Dongguan City and Zhongshan City in the south. Across the sea from Hong Kong and Macao. It covers an area of 7435 square kilometers. It governs 1 districts and manages 2 county-level cities, Conghua and Zengcheng. It was the most important foreign trade port in China and one of the starting points of the ancient Maritime Silk Road before the five ports were traded in the Qing Dynasty. Now it is the southern transportation hub of China, the gateway to the outside world, and the southern gate of China. Guangzhou is high in the northeast and low in the southwest. The northeast is mountainous, the middle is hilly and terrace, and the south is the alluvial plain of the Pearl River Delta, and the Pearl River passes through the city. With superior natural conditions and abundant natural resources, it is one of the regions with the richest fruit tree resources in China and developed industries. Rich products. Agricultural and sideline industries mainly include planting rice and vegetables, and breeding freshwater fish and poultry. Guangzhou has the largest international trade port in South China, as well as a network of expressways and railways extending in all directions connecting all parts of the country.

Shenzhen

Shenzhen is located in the southern coast of Guangdong Province, bordering Dapeng Bay in the east, the Pearl River Estuary in the west, the New Territories in Hong Kong in the south, and Dongguan and Huizhou in the north, with a total area of 2,2 square kilometers and six municipal districts. Shenzhen has a subtropical maritime climate with abundant rainfall. The sunshine is long and the climate is mild.

Shenzhen is a coastal city with beautiful scenery, with a winding coastline of more than 7 kilometers, where Dameisha, xiaomeisha and Creek are distributed. Beaches such as Zhongfu, Diefu, Shuishatou and Xiyong are white and blue.

Famous historical and cultural city: Foshan

Foshan has a long history, which originated in Jin Dynasty and was named after Tang Dynasty. As early as the Qin and Han Dynasties. It is already a large-scale village where farmers and fishermen live together. In the second year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (628), three Buddha statues were excavated on Tapogang in the city, hence the name of Foshan. Foshan is located in the south of Guangdong Province, in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta, with Guangzhou in the east and Hong Kong and Macao in the south. There are many cultural landscapes in Foshan, including ancestral temples, Confucius temples and Huanggong Temple. Foshan ancestral temple, founded in the Northern Song Dynasty, is the first of all temples in Foshan. Shunde Qinghui Garden is one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong in the Qing Dynasty. In addition, there are Confucius Temple, Nanhai Kang Youwei's former residence and Linggui Tower. For thousands of years, there have been many famous people in Foshan, among which Chen Qiyuan, Huang Feihong, Kang Youwei, Zhan Tianyou, Wu Jianren and Bruce Lee are the most famous. Foshan is also the birthplace of China Cantonese Opera.

Famous historical and cultural city: Zhaoqing

Zhaoqing is located in the middle of Guangdong Province and is one of the birthplaces of ancient Lingnan indigenous culture. The bronzes unearthed in the territory show that by the late Spring and Autumn Period, the Lingnan indigenous culture in Zhaoqing had begun to merge with the Shang and Zhou cultures in the Central Plains and the Chu and Yue cultures in the Yangtze River valley. Counties were established in the Han Dynasty. Duanzhou was located in Sui Dynasty, and Zhaoqing was called in Song Dynasty, which means "beginning to bring good luck and happiness". Li Yong, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, Rong Rui, a Japanese monk studying in the Tang Dynasty, Hui Neng, the sixth ancestor of Zen Buddhism, Bao Zheng, a famous official in the Northern Song Dynasty, Matteo Ricci, an Italian missionary, Sun Yat-sen, a revolutionary pioneer, and Ye Ting, a famous northern expedition, and many other historical celebrities have left footprints in Zhaoqing. Zhaoqing has many cultural relics and historic sites. Including the Song City Wall, Piyun Building, Mei 'an, Yuejiang Building, Chongxi Tower, Li 'an Building, the former site of Ye Ting Independent Regiment, and the stone carvings of Qixingyan Cliff. There are also the remains of the six ancestors of Zen Buddhism, the East and West Mosques, etc. Xinghu and Dinghu are famous scenic spots in Zhaoqing. Xinghu Lake is known as the first wonder of Lingnan. Dinghushan ranks first among the four famous mountains in Guangdong and is known as a living natural museum.

Zhuhai

Zhuhai is located in the southwest corner of the Pearl River Delta, to the west of the Pearl River Estuary. Lingdingyang in the east and Macao in the south. It is 14 kilometers away from Guangzhou. The city borders on the sea on the third side, with numerous harbors. The terrain in the territory is scattered and complicated, with low hills, isolated mountains, plains, beaches and mangrove coasts. Industries mainly include electronics, machinery, textiles, light industry, chemistry, plastics, ceramics, medicine and medical equipment, building materials and other categories, as well as the power industry. Agricultural products include rice, sugar cane, vegetables, flowers and fruits such as litchi, pineapple, banana, plantain and citrus. Aquatic products are rich in resources and various in variety, and there is a famous Wanshan fishing ground.

Leizhou Peninsula

Leizhou Peninsula is one of the three major peninsulas in China, which is named after many thunderstorms. Leizhou Peninsula is in the southwest of Guangdong Province, extending between Beibu Gulf and leizhou bay, covering an area of about 8, square kilometers. The southern part of the peninsula faces Hainan Island across Qiongzhou Strait. The peninsula has a single topography and gentle ups and downs, with terraces as the main part, followed by marine plains. The slope of the ground is generally only 3~5 meters. The gentle slope and pond topography in the northern part of the peninsula. 25~5 meters above sea level. There are seven fire hills on the platform, such as Luogangling, Jiaoyiling and Huguangyan. The basalt platform in the south of the peninsula is very flat, with 1 fire hills distributed, with an altitude of 25-8 meters and a height of more than 2 meters. The peninsula is surrounded by the sea on three sides. The coastline is about 118 kilometers long, and even the coastline of the island is 145 kilometers long. On the east coast, there are marine plains, sandy beaches on the outer edge, and islands such as the East China Sea, Nansanhe and Panzhou. Zhanjiang Port, a modern South China Sea port on the northeast side of the peninsula, is one of China's foreign trade ports and fishery bases. Huanghuagang 72 Martyrs' Tomb

The tomb gate of the cemetery is a tall archway with three arches horizontally, and the words "Great Spirit Ends" written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen are engraved in the center of the tomb gate. The tomb is wide and there are many stone tablets. On the square pavilion, there is a stone tablet of "Tomb of Seventy-two Martyrs", followed by "Jigong Square", with 72 stones stacked on the top of the pyramid-shaped square, and a statue of liberty holding high the torch stands on the top. Zhang Taiyan inscribed the ancient seal of "Creating the 72 Martyrs' Jigong Square in the Republic of China" for this workshop. The stone tablet behind the square records the uprising in detail. There are yellow flowers in the cemetery all year round, which symbolizes the immortal spirit of martyrs.

Humen Fort

Humen is located in the throat of the Pearl River waterway, south of the sea, and north of Guangzhou Huangpu Port, which is the gateway to Guangzhou. The place where military strategists have been sticking to it for generations. Humen Fort is also called Hutoumen Fort. It is named because there are big and small tiger mountains in the mouth, which are shaped like two tigers down the mountain. Lin Zexu and Guan Tianpei built 11 forts and set up more than 3 cannons here. Weiyuan fort was built in the rock in front of Nanshan fort, and it was in a zigzag layout with Zhenyuan and Jingyuan forts. There are chains, wooden stakes and rows of chains in the battery, which form a solid position and block the invasion of foreign ships. It is known as the golden lock and bronze gate. Shajiao Fort, located in the southeast of Humen, has a 3-kilogram ancient gun, which was cast in Foshan in the 15th year of Daoguang (1835).

Nanhua Temple

Nanhua Temple was built in the first year of Liang Tian Prison in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (52). Later, Song Taizong gave it the title of "Nanhua Temple", and its name has been inherited to this day. Nanhua Temple is located on the bank of Caoxi, 22km southeast of Shaoguan City, where the sixth ancestor Huineng founded Zen. It is the ancestral home of Zen Buddhism. Nanhua Temple is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central axis. Enter through the main entrance. It is followed by Caoximen, Fangshengchi, Baolinmen, Tianwang Hall and Daxiong Hall.

Kaiping Diaolou

Kaiping Diaolou is a unique local architectural group in Kaiping, with more than 3, buildings at most. There are more than 18 existing ones. These towers integrate the functions of residence and defense, and integrate Chinese and western architectural arts. It is a unique historical and cultural landscape, and is known as "a stunning gallery of architectural art". It is a must in the world.

Zhongying Street

Zhongying Street is one of the eight scenic spots in Shenzhen. Zhongying Street has the unique characteristics of "one street, two systems" in the world. There are eight boundary stones in the center of the street. The two sides of the boundary stones are engraved with the boundary stone serial number and the time of erection in Chinese and English respectively. Taking this as the boundary, some belong to Shenzhen and some belong to Hong Kong. This small street is 25 meters long and about 3 meters wide. There are many shops on both sides, and all kinds of goods are dazzling. Today, Zhongying Street has become a tourist hotspot and a bustling commodity trading place. After the reunification of Hong Kong on July 1, 1997, Zhongying Street lost its original meaning and became a historical relic.

Window of the World

The window of the world covers an area of about 48, square meters. Scenic spots are divided according to the content of sightseeing activities and the regional structure of the world. There are 118 scenic spots, including the Egyptian pyramids, the Grand Canyon of the United States, the Taj Mahal of India, the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, the Karnak Amun Temple, St. Peter's Cathedral in Vatican, Sydney Opera House in Australia, Angkor Wat in Cambodia and the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy. There are 1 world-famous sculptures standing on the World Square, 18 large stone columns with different styles and nearly 2, square meters of embossed walls standing around the square. In addition, there are 6 giant doors and a gorgeous stage, among which 6 giant doors are used to symbolize the birthplace of ancient world civilization. Visitors can learn many wonderful landscapes of the outside world through the window of the world.

Seven-Star Rock

Seven-Star Rock is so beautiful that it is known as "the peak is dangerous, the rocks are strange, the caves are strange and the temples are ancient". There are about 8 scenic spots for sightseeing in the key tourist areas, including Seven Rocks, Eight Caves, Five Lakes and Six Gangs. Tianzhu Rock is the highest. It is 117 meters above sea level. There are many cultural relics left in the stone cave from the Tang Dynasty to the Republic of China, accounting for 64% of the stone carvings on the cliffs of Qixingyan.

Chen family shrine

Chen family shrine, or Chen Academy, is located in Zhongshan No.7 Road, Guangzhou. It was built in the 16th to 2th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (189-1894). It was a family shrine jointly built by Chen clan in 72 counties of Guangdong Province at that time. The whole building sits north to south, and consists of 19 buildings of 3 rooms, 9 halls and 6 courtyards. It is a collection of Lingnan folk architectural decorative arts, and is famous for its "three sculptures, three plastics and one cast iron", known as the Baiyue Guanci. The architectural center of the academy is the main hall, Juxian Hall. Before and after the whole building, it is rigorous and symmetrical, and it is full of layers. The promenade and Qingyun Lane make the whole building extend in all directions, and the courtyard gardens are dotted among them, forming an independent and interrelated whole. Chen Academy is famous for its exquisite decoration technology. Wood carving, stone carving, brick carving, pottery sculpture, gray sculpture, mural painting and copper-iron casting are widely used in architectural decoration.

Ziyunshan

Baiyun Mountain is located in the north of Guangzhou and is one of the famous mountains in South Guangdong. Known as the first show in Yangcheng, it consists of more than 3 peaks. Climbing high can overlook the whole city and overlook the Pearl River. Whenever it is sunny after rain or in late spring. The mountains are surrounded by white clouds, from which the mountain name comes.

Danxia Mountain

Danxia Mountain is located in the north of Guangdong Province, China, and is an important nature reserve in China. The mountain of Danxia Mountain is composed of red sandstone, and all kinds of Danxia Qifeng developed along vertical joints are very distinctive. It is called China Hongshi Park, which is the naming place of Danxia landform. Between 14 million and 7 million years ago, Danxia Mountain was a large inland basin with thick red strata. Since 7 million years ago, the basin has experienced many times of intermittent rise and downward erosion by flowing water. The red rock strata in Danxia basin were cut into a red mountain group. Formed the beautiful Danxia Mountain now.