Brief introduction of Wagner and Nietzsche

Wilhelm richard wagner (1865438+May 22, 2003-1February 65438, 883) was a German composer. He is an important figure in the history of German opera. The former inherited Mozart's and Beethoven's opera traditions, and the latter opened the trend of post-romantic opera creation, followed by Richard Strauss. At the same time, Nietzsche's introduction has become the most controversial figure in the history of European music because of the complexity of his political and religious thoughts.

Born in Leipzig, Wagner received perfect music training since childhood and was very interested in music and drama. Later, he studied composition at the University of Leipzig, dropped out of school, and was hired as the chorus conductor of the Wirz Opera House. He devoted his life to opera creation and made great contributions to the development of German opera. 1On February 3rd, 883, the composer died in Vendramin Palace.

In Wagner's time, Germans generally thought that German was not elegant enough, and Italian and French operas prevailed inside and outside the court, emphasizing the gorgeous musical skills and ignoring the dramatic content. Therefore, Wagner put forward the slogan of "Musical Drama", advocated the creation of opera with the aim of paying equal attention to music and drama, suggested that composers should personally participate in script creation, and thought that the theme of opera should only be suitable for music processing. He raised the status of the orchestra, which used to only appear in the prelude or overture, to the extreme, making it the pillar of unifying the whole play. Another obvious reform lies in the dominant motivation in his musicals. In fact, no matter in the past or in modern times, composers will use explicit motivation in their works. But Wagner is different from them. He systematically used the dominant motivation and combined several dominant motivations through polyphony. It can be said that the dominant motive network compiled by the extremely concentrated plot covers the whole drama, making the written language and music language perfectly combined, which is an accurate and simple subtext. In addition, there is almost no division in his music, the use of brass music is more free and flexible, the emotional meaning is expressed by the band in melody and sound, the vocal part floats on the surface of the orchestral flow, and there is no obvious difference between recitation and aria. Wagner's opera reform mainly started with Tristan and isolde. The performance of this opera in Munich on 1865 marked the beginning of a new dialect in the music language of the western world and the disintegration of the tonality system. Since then, "Wagner style" has become an advanced and non-traditional vocabulary in opera or general music.

Many people want to mention Wagner's thoughts when listening to his music. Of course, the musician's own personality and thoughts have a great influence on his works, but it is a pity to pay too much attention to his thoughts to appreciate his works. It is said that Hitler once had Wagner's works specially played for him in Bayreuther. At that time, he was moved to tears and wanted to hold hands with the genius of the last century. The Nazis distorted some ideas in Wagner's works to beautify their crimes, but this cannot be a reason to accuse Wagner's music. In his youth, Wagner's thoughts mainly tended to be "Germany". Influenced by Feuerbach and bakunin, he wrote many fanatical and radical articles and even took part in the revolution in Dresden. 1848 After the failure of the European bourgeois revolution, Wagner gradually accepted Schopenhauer's pessimism and Nietzsche's superman theory, and later Gobinaud's Germanic descent theory. In his later years, Wagner was also influenced by religious mysticism. Wagner and Nietzsche used to be very close friends, and their friendship lasted for ten years. When Wagner changed his music style, Nietzsche broke up with him, saying that he was a sly man and that listening to his concerts made people crazy. 18781On October 3rd, Wagner dedicated parsifal to Nietzsche. Nietzsche wrote the last letter to Wagner and returned his new book "Human Nature, Too Human Nature". 1888, Nietzsche wrote Wagner Incident and Nietzsche to Wagner, formally expressing his views on this old friend.

Here, it is worth mentioning Wagner's worship of women in his musicals. For many years, Wagner has always believed that there are two qualities in women: redemption and destruction. This contradiction makes the female images he created are usually complex and heroic sopranos with great pain. This is reflected in his musicals, such as Elizabeth in Deng Hou's House, isolde in Tristan and isolde, brunhild who devoted herself to love in The Ring and the fable woman Kondri in parsifal.

Wagner's musical skills and dramatic ideas deeply influenced all kinds of arts in the 20th century. The film art, in particular, was most inspired by Wagner.

It is worth mentioning that Israel has always had an informal ban because of Wagner's anti-semitism and Nazi reasons. Wagner's works have never been staged in Israel, but they have been loosened in recent years.

List of representative works:

musical

Fairy (Finn 1833-34, Super 1888)

Taboo love (daslibes verboterdinovizevonpalermo1834-36, premè re 1836)

Li (Rienzi, Derletztertribunen1837-40, premier 1842)

Wandering Dutch (DerFliegendeHoll? National Bureau of Statistics, 1843)

Tang Haoshe (Tannhāeuser, 1845)

Lohengreen (Lohengreen, 1850)

tristanundosilde( 1865)

A famous singer in Nuremberg (DieMeistersingerVonNürnberg, 1868)

Ring of Nibelungen

Rhine gold (DasRheingold, 1854)

Valkyria (Duval Coure, 1856)

Siegfried (Siegfried, 187 1)

The twilight of the gods (g? Tirda? Mullen, 1874)

Parsifal (Introduction to Nietzsche in parsifal, 1882)

Orchestral arrangement

Overture adaptation of Gluck's opera Iphigenia in the tropics

orchestral music

Symphony in c major

Faust overture

song

Five songs by Wei Sen Tanker.

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friedrich wilhelm nietzsche

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844 10 year 10/5-1August 25th, 900) is a famous German philosopher and thinker. Nietzsche was a linguist at first, and later as a philosopher or a free thinker, many of his works contain modern psychology. He is a poet and philosopher full of rebellious spirit. He strongly criticized the western traditional Christian culture, denied the traditional Christian moral system, advocated reassessing all values, and even put forward the proposition of superman and eternal reincarnation, eager to establish a brand-new and powerful ideological and cultural system. In essence, Nietzsche is a nihilist, but the difference between him and Schopenhauer, the spiritual mentor of his youth, is that he is eager to find a meaning in this nihilistic world, or to create a meaning of existence, so as to affirm the value of human existence. His thought laid the foundation for later existentialism and was regarded as one of the pioneers of existentialism. However, because some of Nietzsche's ideas were too extreme and powerful, they were later used by the Nazis and labeled as "Nazi philosophers". As he himself wrote in the book, any greatness will be misunderstood.

Nietzsche's chronology

1844, Nietzsche was born in Rocken, a small village in Saxony, Prussia. His father is a Christian Lutheran priest. Nietzsche thought he was of Polish aristocratic descent and was proud of it.

1846 In July, my sister Elizabeth Nietzsche was born.

1849, Nietzsche's father died.

1850, he moved to Naumburg-sur-Salle.

From 65438 to 0864, he entered Bonn University to study theology and classical linguistics.

From 65438 to 0865, Nietzsche entered Leipzig University to study classical linguistics and began to get in touch with Schopenhauer's philosophy. These thoughts later became the starting point of Nietzsche's philosophical thinking.

From 65438 to 0868, I first met Wagner, who was a good friend of Nietzsche in his youth.

From 65438 to 0869, Nietzsche, who was only 25 years old, was hired as a professor of classical linguistics in university of basel.

1870, promoted to full professor. In August, the Franco-Prussian War broke out, and he volunteered to join the army and retired due to injury.

1879, Nietzsche resigned from his teaching post in university of basel, started a wandering career for ten years, and entered the golden age of creation.

1882, travel to Italy. Have you been introduced? Salome met. In May, The Science of Happiness was completed and published. In the same month, he proposed to Salome and was rejected.

1883, he began to write the first part of Zarathustra. In July, I started writing the second part of Zarathustra.

1884, he wrote the third part of Zarathustra in Venice. 165438+ He has been writing the fourth part of Zarathustra since October.

1889, Nietzsche, who had been misunderstood for a long time, couldn't stand the long loneliness in the streets of Turin, hugged the neck of a horse abused by a groom, and finally lost his mind.

Nietzsche fell ill at Weimar's home from 65438 to 0897. His mother died of illness and was taken to live in Weimar, a famous cultural city by her sister Elizabeth Nietzsche.

1900, Nietzsche died in Weimar at the age of 55. Buried in a church in my hometown of Rocken.

affect

The influence of Nietzsche's works on later generations is undoubtedly enormous. His thought has a strong impact, subverting the moral thought and traditional values of western Christianity and revealing the spiritual crisis that human beings must face after God's death. Jaspers said that Nietzsche and Kierkegaard brought a pleasure to western philosophy, and the ultimate significance of this pleasure has not been evaluated. A whole generation of thinkers and artists in the early 20th century found ideas and images that inspired their creation in Nietzsche's works. Jaspers, Sartre, Heidegger, Foucault and Derrida are all philosophers deeply influenced by Nietzsche's thought, and countless writers are directly influenced by him: Zweig, thomas mann, Bernard Shaw, Hesse, Rilke, Gide and Lu Xun.

Main work

1872: The Birth of Tragedy (DieGeburtderTrag? Mould)

1876: Unzeitgem？ sseBetrachtungen)

1878- 1880: human nature is too human (Menschliches, Allzumenschliches).

188 1: sunrise (DieMorgenr? te)

1882: happy science (Diefr? hlicheWissenschaft)

1883- 1885: Zarathustra said (AlsosprachZarathustra)

1886: the other side of good and evil (JenseitsvonGutundB? se)

1887: On Moral Pedigree

1887: the twilight of idols (g? Hey? Moran)

1888: DerFallWagner

1895: Rodents

1895:Nietzsche contra Wagner。

1908: look, this person (EcceHomo)

19 1 1:derwillezurcht

When two people share the same interests and become a bosom friend, there will always be some friction and unhappiness. Their different psychological reactions suggest a strong-weak relationship to us. I'll take one side as the strong and the other as the weak (whether it's the life of the strong or not; Strength has nothing to do with talent size). The performance is that the strong are in the center; Control position. The strong attract the weak. The weak dedicate their feelings and feel obviously bound; The strong are calmer when they go against the wishes of the weak, and rarely feel guilty. When the weak is against the strong, he will have a strong sense of insecurity (often deliberately, because he feels oppressed). The strong often hurt the weak unconsciously, and the weak sometimes understand that he is unconscious and has no fault. The relationship between a pair of friends and companions, like anything else, has ups and downs. It is understandable that when it declines, it seems that the weak always abandon the strong. The weak side has been restrained for a long time.

There is no doubt that in the friendship between Nietzsche and Wagner, Nietzsche is weak and Wagner is strong. Why do you see it? When Wagner was engaged in Bayreuther affairs endlessly, Nietzsche could not get into the conversation about the finished works. Nietzsche was so depressed (Nietzsche was also an megalomaniac. Self-centered), he refused Wagner's last invitation. After refusing the invitation, he felt a strong sense of unease and took his sister to pay a supplementary visit to the Wagners.

There are no two days in the world, and there are no two kings in the country. One is a great art philosopher, and the other is a great drama musician who wants to rebuild art on the ruins of art. Their contradictions and frictions are not great, but trivial and intermittent. It is always possible for two sensitive and neurotic people to meet. Like this, two arrogant people generally don't quarrel. They blame each other and even disdain to explain misunderstandings (misunderstanding is inevitable because of the relationship between language and experience). However, the accumulation of contradictions will inevitably erupt one day. On that day, Tony used Brahms' piano score to play his works for Wagner (Bo is Wa's sworn enemy), which was an expression that broke out after being suppressed for a long time. How can it be? In this way, how can Nietzsche, who calls himself Superman (although he doesn't explicitly say that he is Superman, he pretends to be Superman) feel long-term and intense damage? Finally, Nietzsche abandoned Wagner. Later, away from the secular, living alone in one room, finally became the first lady in the world. This loneliness contrasts with Wagner's group of friends. Nietzsche would agree with me if he had the spirit, and he was proud of it. Once the weak Nietzsche resists, he will become more and more angry and attack the people he once loved with the most acerbic words. Isn't it a sign of great love in his heart? The rude Wagner's attitude towards Nietzsche was restrained. Poor Nietzsche has been bitter, but stubbornly refused to reconcile, terrible and fragile self-esteem! When he was going crazy, he wrote a poem "Elegy of Ariadne" and unconsciously gave it to Wagner's wife, Cosima Wagner, when he was crazy, indicating that he had never forgotten Wagner. I still remember these words:

"no!

Come back!

With all your pain!

......

All my tears flow to you.

The last flame in my heart

Give you light and heat.

Oh, come back

My strange god! My sadness!

My last happiness! "

Despite all the analysis, what I really don't understand is why two people form a strong and weak relationship. A kind of harmony? A state of things? A nature?

Maybe it is.