I read an ancient poem

A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day; The mourner's heart is going to break on his way.

Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village.

I can recite this poem, right?

Tell me what this means.

Is that so?

It seems that we still need to solve this problem.

First of all, a few key words:

[If! SupportLists] 1。 [endif] Qingming. Tomb-Sweeping Day is an important traditional festival in China, and it is also one of the eight important festivals (Lunar New Year, Lantern Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Winter Solstice and New Year's Eve), which usually falls on April 5 of the Gregorian calendar. However, the festival is very long, and there are two sayings: "Eight days after the first ten days" and "Ten days after the first ten days". These twenty days belong to Tomb-Sweeping Day. When we talk about Tomb-Sweeping Day now, it is actually the collective name of two festivals, as well as the ancient Cold Food Festival. What is the Cold Food Festival? As the name implies, it is to eat cold food, and the Cold Food Festival is to sweep graves. One hundred and five days after beginning of winter, the solstice was called cold food. In the past, fire was forbidden and cold food was eaten, so it was also called "Cold Food Festival" and "No Smoking Festival". This just ended 1-3 days before Tomb-Sweeping Day, so the two festivals merged later.

2. The story about the Cold Food Festival. Cold food is a part of Tomb-Sweeping Day. There is a legend about cold food: it is said that during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, your concubine set a poisonous trap to kill the prince and was forced to commit suicide in order to let her son inherit the throne. Shen Sheng's younger brother, Zhong Er, went into exile to escape the scourge. During his exile, Zhong Er suffered humiliation. Most of the courtiers who went out with him went out one after another. Only a few loyal people have been following him. One of them is called meson push. On one occasion, Zhong Er fainted from hunger. In order to save Zhong Er, Jiezitui cut a piece of meat from his leg, cooked it with fire and gave it to Zhong Er. Nineteen years later, Zhong Er returned to China and became the monarch, that is, Jin Wengong, one of the famous five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.

After Jin Wengong came to power, in addition to meson push, he offered many rewards to courtiers who shared his joys and sorrows. Someone defended meson in front of Jin Wengong. Jin Wengong suddenly remembered the past and felt guilty. He immediately sent someone to ask meson to take the imperial court to be rewarded as an official. However, after several trips, the meson could not be pushed. Jin Wengong had to please. However, when Jin Wengong came to the meson pusher's house, he saw that the door was closed. Jiezitui didn't want to see him, and had already been hiding in Mianshan (now southeast of Jiexiu County, Shanxi Province) behind his mother's back. Jin Wengong asked his body guard to search Mianshan, but he couldn't find it. So, someone had an idea, saying, it is better to let Yamakaji go, set fire on three sides, leave one side, burn it and the meson will come out. Jin Wengong ordered the promotion of Yamakaji. Unexpectedly, the fire burned for three days and nights. After the fire was put out, the meson was not pushed out after all. Looking up the mountain, the mother and son were holding a charred willow tree and were dead. Jin Wengong looked at meson push's body and cried for a while, then buried it, and found that meson push's back was blocked by a willow hole, and there seemed to be something in the hole. Take out a look, turned out to be a skirt, with a blood poem:

I hope your master is always clear.

It is better to be a ghost than to accompany you as an exhorter.

If your master has me in his heart, remember that I often reflect.

I have a clear conscience in Jiuquan, diligent and honest.

Jin Wengong hid the bloody book in his sleeve. Then meson tui and his mother were buried under the charred willow tree. To commemorate Jiexiu, Jin Wengong ordered Mianshan to be changed to Jiexiu Mountain, and an ancestral temple was built on the mountain, and the day when Yamakaji was released was designated as the Cold Food Festival, telling the whole country that it is forbidden to set off fireworks and firecrackers on this day every year and only eat cold food.

When he left, he cut a charred willow and made a pair of clogs in the palace. He looked at it every day and sighed, "What a pity." The "first step" is the name of ancient people's subordinates respecting each other between superiors or peers, which is said to come from it.

The following year, Jin Wengong led his ministers to go hiking in plain clothes to show their respect and condolences. Walking to the grave, I saw the dead old willow tree resurrected, with thousands of green branches dancing in the wind. Jin Wengong looked at the resurrected old willow tree and seemed to see the meson push. He walked up to him respectfully, lovingly squeezed a branch, braided it into a circle and put it on his head. After the sacrifice, Jin Wengong named the revived old willow "Qingming Willow" and named it Tomb-Sweeping Day.

Later, Jin Wengong often took a bloody book with him as a souvenir, urging himself to take power. He is diligent and honest, and strives to govern the country well.

Since then, the people of Jin have been able to live and work in peace and contentment, and they are very nostalgic for Jietui, who has made outstanding contributions and is not looking for wealth. On the day of his death, it is forbidden to set off fireworks in memory of him. It is also made of flour and jujube paste into the shape of a swallow, strung with willows and inserted in the door to summon his soul. This thing is called "pushing swallows" (also called intermediary pushing). Since then, cold food and Qingming have become grand festivals for the people of the whole country. Whenever there is cold food, people don't make a fire to cook, but only eat cold food. In the north, people only eat cold food prepared in advance, such as jujube cakes and wheat cakes. In the south, there are mostly green balls and glutinous rice and sugar lotus roots. Every time I go to Tomb-Sweeping Day, people put wicker in a circle and put wicker branches in front of the house to show their memory.

[If! Support list ]3. It rained a lot. What is rain? How to describe it? Spring rain is as expensive as oil, and rain is as crisp as crisp.

[If! Support list ]4. [endif] I want to break my soul. A pedestrian is a person who travels away from home. "Pedestrians" does not mean "tourists", not people who have a spring outing. "Soul" is not the soul of "three souls and seven spirits". In poetry, "soul" mainly refers to spiritual and emotional things. "Soul-breaking" refers to trying to describe the feelings hidden in the heart, which are very strong, but not clearly expressed outside, such as love, disappointment, dark sorrow and deep hatred for acacia. When poets have such emotions, they often like to use the word "broken soul" to express their feelings.

Two: two questions:

[If! SupportLists] 1。 [endif] It rains a lot during the Qingming Festival. Does it often rain in Tomb-Sweeping Day?

Qingming is the fifth solar term in the twenty-four solar terms of the lunar calendar, which indicates the official start of the spring season; When the sun reaches longitude 15 degrees, it will be Tomb-Sweeping Day gas. Qingming is a solar term representing phenology, which means sunny weather and lush vegetation. As the saying goes, "Qingming breaks snow, Grain Rain breaks frost." When the weather is clear, the climate in South China is warm and the spring is strong. Qingming Festival, although it is a season with colorful flowers and bright spring, is also a period when the climate is prone to change, and it often catches up with "noisy weather". As early as the Liang Dynasty, it was recorded that during the Cold Food Festival in Tomb-Sweeping Day two days ago, "strong winds and continuous rain" often occurred. If it rains on Qingming Day, there is also a special name called "pouring rain on fire". The poet Du Mu met such a day.

[If! [Endif] Did Du Mu really go to Xinghua Village to drink?

"Xinghua Village" is not necessarily the real village name, nor does it necessarily refer to restaurants. It is enough to point to this beautiful village in the depths of apricot blossoms. It goes without saying that there is a small hotel waiting to receive guests walking in the rain.

[If! [endif] read poetry.

[If! SupportLists] 1。 [endif] Then let's talk about the meaning of poetry.

[If! [endif] Listen to two songs about poetry. Who do you think can better grasp the artistic conception of poetry?

[If! [endif] read it.

[If! SupportLists] Fourth, [endif] solution writing.

The syllables are very harmonious and complete, the scene is very fresh and vivid, and the realm is beautiful and interesting. Poetry is also natural in style and written in order. The first sentence explains the scene, environment and atmosphere, which is "on"; The second sentence is "Cheng", which describes the characters and shows their sad and confused mentality. The third sentence is "turn", but it also puts forward how to get rid of this mentality; This directly forced out the fourth sentence and became the highlight of the whole article-"he". In art, this is a technique from low to high, gradually rising, and the climax is at the end. The so-called climax is not an unobstructed view, but an intriguing aftertaste.

One of the structural techniques commonly used in artistic creation, the writing method used in the old composition, gradually refers to the writing method of the article. From the Yuan zaju "Fan Degan's Poetic Style": "A poem has four methods: straightness, tolerance, change and profundity." "Qi" is the cause, the beginning of the article; "bearing" is the process of events; "Turn" is the turning point of the event result; "He" is the discussion of the event, not the end.

Look at these songs again:

Wang Chun, although the country is divided, mountains and rivers remain forever, and everything is spring. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate. The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.

Cold food is on the road.

(Tang) Song Wenzhi

It's already on the way to late spring when I meet cold food immediately.

Poor Jiang, I can't see Luo Qiao people.

The Arctic cherishes the sage, and Nanwa is the vassal.

In the old garden, wicker is new day and night.

cold drink and snack

(Tang) Han Yi

In late spring, Chang 'an city is full of songs and dances, and countless flowers fall. The east wind of the Cold Food Festival blows on the willow trees in the royal garden.

As night fell, the palace was busy lighting candles, and smoke drifted to the house of the prince and the marquis.

day of mourning

(Song) Wang Yuqiao

I have lived in Tomb-Sweeping Day without flowers and wine. Like a monk in a temple, everything is depressing and lonely for me.

Yesterday, I discussed new kindling from my neighbor's house, and early in Tomb-Sweeping Day, I lit in front of the window and sat down to study.

Su Causeway's Qingming Festival is this thing.

(Song) Wu Weixin

Pears bloom in the light, and wanderers go out of the city in spring.

At dusk, the songs are ready, and the willows belong to a warbler.

The poem Qingming written by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, has excellent poetic beauty and artistic conception, and many people have always liked to read it. Some people have rewritten this famous poem of Du Mu into various genres, and it is also very interesting to recite it.

1, change other poems

Six-character poem:

It rains in Tomb-Sweeping Day, and people on the road want to die. Asked where the restaurant is, the shepherd boy refers to Xinghua Village.

Five-character poem:

Sunny and rainy,

Pedestrians want to break their souls.

where is the restaurant？

Point to Xinghua village.

Four-character poem:

It's sunny and rainy, and pedestrians are dead. where is the restaurant？ It refers to Xinghua Village.

Three-character poem:

Qingming rain, people break their souls. Xinghua village he hotel

2. There is another way to rewrite it into words:

During the Qingming Festival, it rained a lot.

Pedestrians on the road,

Want to break the soul.

Excuse me, where is the restaurant?

There are shepherd boys,

Point to Xinghua village.

During the Qingming Festival, it rained a lot.

Pedestrians on the road,

Want to break the soul. Excuse me, restaurant:

Where is the shepherd boy?

Point to Xinghua village.

3. Some have been rewritten into prose:

0 1, it rains in succession during the Qingming Festival. Pedestrians on the road want to die: "Excuse me, where is the restaurant?" "Yes!" The shepherd boy pointed: "Xinghua Village!" .

02. During Tomb-Sweeping Day, there was a lot of rain. On the road, pedestrians want to break their souls. Excuse me, the restaurant: "Where is the shepherd boy?" Point to Xinghua village.

4, be rewritten into a short script:

"It rains in succession during the Qingming Festival, on the road"

Pedestrian: (trying to kill the soul) Excuse me, where is the restaurant?

Shepherd boy: (pointing) Xinghua Village!

5. 1957 Yangcheng Evening News published a play entitled The Shortest Play in the World, which was also modified by Du Mu's poem Qingming:

"Time: Tomb-Sweeping Day. Location: On the road. Characters and Plot: Pedestrians are dying. Where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. "

6. Some people read it as a "short play": "Qingming Festival (when), continuous rain (background), road (place), pedestrians want to die (character expression). Where is the conversation in the restaurant? " Shepherd's Point (action), Xinghua Village (prospect). "

Another arrangement is:

It rains in succession during the Qingming Festival.

On the way.

Pedestrian: Excuse me, where is the restaurant?

Shepherd boy: [pointing] Xinghua Village.

7. What's more, someone later changed the poem into a movie script:

[Tomb-Sweeping Day]

[Rain after rain]

[On the road]

[Pedestrian] (trying to break the soul) "Excuse me, where is the restaurant?"

[Shepherd Boy] (pointing to the distance): "Xinghua Village!"

8. One-act short play.

Tomb-Sweeping Day (rainy day)

(On the road)

Pedestrian: "Excuse me, where is the restaurant?"

Shepherd boy (pointing): "Xinghua Village!"

Time-Tomb-Sweeping Day

Scene-(After the rain clears)

Location-(on the road)

People-pedestrians, shepherds,

Expression-(I want to break my soul)

Action-(pointing)

Line-"Excuse me, where is the restaurant?" "Xinghua village!"

A modern playwright once explained this poem like this:

The title of the play-Qingming Rain (adapted from Du Mu's poem Qingming in Tang Dynasty).

Time-Tomb-Sweeping Day;

Background-more rain, less pedestrians;

Location-in front of Xinghua Village;

People-tourists, shepherds;

Dialogue: Tourist-Excuse me, where can I buy wine? Shepherd boy (finger in front)-there is one in Xinghua Village ahead.

9. Drama

Time: It rains in succession during the Qingming Festival.

Location: On the road

Character: Pedestrians want to break their souls. "Where is the restaurant?"

The shepherd boy pointed to "Xinghua Village."

(Time: Tomb-Sweeping Day) (Background: It rains one after another) (Character: pedestrians on the road) (Expression: I'm going to lose my soul. )

Excuse me, where is the restaurant? ) Yes (the shepherd boy answers) (Action: Point to Xinghua Village. )

There's another one:

Time: Tomb-Sweeping Day

Location: On the way to Xinghua Village.

Character: shepherd boy, poet

Background: On the festival of ancestor worship, the poet is far away from his hometown and has a lot on his mind.

The sky is a little gloomy, and the oblique wind is drizzling and wrapped in light rain and fog. Passers-by who went to worship in twos and threes were walking on the road, and a shepherd boy was driving the sheep back by the roadside. Then the poet came on stage.

Poet: (His face looks calm, but he sees a shepherd boy walking forward with a faint sadness in his eyes) Excuse me, is there a restaurant near here?

Shepherd boy: (looking at the stranger doubtfully, pointing to the road ahead with a whip in his hand) Not far ahead is Xinghua Village, where there is a restaurant.

homework

Choose a poem, make an interpretation, make an introduction and make a PPt.