The Historical Background of the Erqi Strike

Jiang 'an Han Jing Railway Trade Union Membership Card

And pocket watches used by martyrs in Lin Xiangqian.

On February 1923, 1, representatives of trade unions at railway stations held the inaugural meeting of the Federation of Trade Unions in Zhengzhou, but Wu Pai military and police blocked it. The Federation of Trade Unions immediately organized 20,000 workers across the railway to strike and moved the Federation of Trade Unions to Wuhan Jiang 'an Office. On February 4, the general strike began and the Beijing-Han Railway was paralyzed. On February 7th, a large number of military and police officers in Cao Kun and Wu Pai carried out bloody repression in Changxindian, Zhengzhou and Wuhan Jiang 'an, and the chairman of Jiang 'an Branch of the Federation of Trade Unions, party member and Shi Yang, legal adviser of the Federation of Trade Unions, were killed. This tragedy exposed the brutality of the warlords and showed the revolutionary firmness and organizational discipline of the working class in China.

Source: Red World Network

Lead the 27th strike.

Wang xingfu

In order to unify the trade union organization of Beijing-Han Railway, enhance the cohesion of workers and carry out the struggle against imperialism and feudalism,1In the spring of 922, Changxindian Workers' Club proposed to establish the Beijing-Han Railway General Union as a railway trade union.

The initiative of Changxindian Workers' Club was approved by Jinghan Railway Workers' Club.

On April 9th, 1922, all the trade unions and clubs in the railway sent people to Changxindian for a preparatory meeting. At this meeting, the delegates agreed to hold another preparatory meeting in the third quarter to discuss the candidates for setting up the preparatory office of the Federation of Trade Unions. On August 6th, at 438+00, Han Jing Railway Club held its second preparatory meeting in Zhengzhou.

According to the instructions of the Party, Lin Yunan, secretary of the Secretariat of the China Trade Union and secretary of the Federation of Trade Unions, attended the meeting in the name of a reporter from Labor Weekly and participated in guiding the preparatory work.

At the meeting, it was decided that Yang Defu would be the director of the preparatory office, Shi Wenbin and Ling Chufan would be the deputy directors and Xiang Ying would be the director.

After several days' efforts, the preparations for the Beijing-Han Railway Federation of Trade Unions are basically ready.

105, the preparatory office of Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions held its third meeting in Zhengzhou. The meeting decided to hold the inaugural meeting of Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions in Zhengzhou Pule Theater on February 1, and invited trade unions from all over the country and representatives from all walks of life to attend the meeting. In order to prevent the military and police from interfering with the convening of the meeting, the preparatory office also informed the railway bureau and warlord Wu about the preparations for the meeting.

At that time, Wu and the railway authorities agreed to hold this meeting.

Considering that June 28, 5438+ 10 is Sunday, the preparatory office of the railway Federation of Trade Unions also proposed to the railway authorities and Wu that the railway system employees would go to work as usual on the 28th and attend the celebration of the establishment of the Federation of Trade Unions on February 1 day. Wu and the railway authorities also agreed to this arrangement of the Railway Federation of Trade Unions. All these show that the preparation and establishment of the Beijing-Han Railway Federation of Trade Unions are well thought out, reasonable and legal.

1 End, representatives from all over the country entered Zhengzhou one after another.

Dozens of delegates from all parts of the north were given tickets free of charge by Changxindian Train Depot in the north section, and hundreds of delegates from all parts of the south gathered in Hankou first, and then two special cars were hung by vehicles in Jiangnan section.

Representatives from all over the country have also presented plaques and couplets, and all branches along the way set off firecrackers to welcome them, and asked representatives from all over the country to stop and speak.

On the night of October 30th, 65438, Chen Tanqiu, Shi Yang, Li and Xu led more than 30 trade unions in Wuhan, including Guangdong-Han Railway Federation of Trade Unions, Hanyeping Trade Union, Hanyang Steel Factory Trade Union and Guangdong-Han Railway Xujiapeng Division of Labor, as well as representatives from newspapers, magazines, student unions and other units 160, plus military bands, 3/60. As soon as they got off the bus, they were warmly welcomed by the staff representatives of Zhengzhou Railway System. Subsequently, the preparatory office of the conference sent them to Zhengzhou Fuchang and Asia Hotel for accommodation.

According to the scheduled plan, representatives from all over the country will send the plaque to Wuqingli in Vantage Port before the next day's meeting.

The head of the preparatory office of the Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions and workers' representatives from all over the country never imagined that the authorities were sharpening their swords.

Zhao Jixian, director of Han Jing Railway Bureau, saw that there were so many workers' representatives from all over the country, and the momentum was huge. He thought that the workers would take the opportunity of setting up the Federation of Trade Unions to plot evil plans or create rebellion against the railway administration.

Zhao Jixian is even more worried that his position will be threatened after the establishment of the Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions. On the one hand, he made a statement in front of the head of the preparatory office of the Federation of Trade Unions, allowing workers to have a meeting and giving them a free car. On the other hand, he reported to Wu that it was absurd for the railway trade union to set up a general trade union in Zhengzhou this time, and asked Wu to send troops to stop the workers from meeting.

Wu listened to Zhao Jixian's small report and immediately decided to send troops to stop it. He also sent an urgent telegram to Jin Yunmao, a division stationed in Zhengzhou, asking Jin Yunmao to try to stop the inaugural meeting of the Jinghan Railway Federation of Trade Unions. Jin received a telegram from Wu and immediately sent military police to impose martial law on the whole city. Then, he sent gendarmes to inform the preparatory office of the Beijing-Han Railway Federation of Trade Unions that the inaugural meeting was not allowed in Zhengzhou, and quickly evacuated the people who had already attended the meeting in Zhengzhou.

Get the news, immediately find Chen Tanqiu, Li, Shi Yang, Yang Defu and others for emergency consultation. Everyone thinks that the participants have arrived and should try to keep the meeting going. In order to make the meeting go smoothly, it was suggested that Yang Defu immediately take someone to Luoyang to explain to Wu and make him change his attitude.

Subsequently, according to the suggestions of Lin Yunan, Chen Tanqiu and others, the preparatory office of the Federation of Trade Unions held an emergency meeting to discuss emergency measures.

According to the decision of the emergency meeting, Yang Defu, Ling Chufan,, and others rushed to Luoyang to explain the purpose and significance of the meeting to Wu, and repeatedly explained to him that the Federation of Trade Unions had no bad intentions and would not affect the social order in Zhengzhou. Wu's attitude is very tough. He told Yang Defu and others that the Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions could be established, but the inaugural meeting could not be held.

Five workers' representatives found it difficult to persuade Wu and soon returned to Zhengzhou. They immediately reported their trip to Luoyang to the head of the local trade union. Everyone thought that the establishment of the Federation of Trade Unions was reasonable and legal, but it was unreasonable for Wu to do so, and decided to hold the meeting as scheduled on February 1 day.

After breakfast on February 1 Sunday, trade union representatives from all over the country arrived at Zhengzhou No.1 Hotel on time as originally planned, and prepared to collectively send plaques to the office of the Federation of Trade Unions.

After the team assembled, they immediately marched to the Federation of Trade Unions. The parade was led by a military band, and the delegates marched in columns with red flags and badges, which was very spectacular. When they walked to Datong Road, they were suddenly stopped by a group of military police. Jin took Huang Dianchen, the police chief of Zhengzhou City, to the workers' representatives and said, "Wu's orders forbid you to send plaques!"

The workers' representative who walked in front refused to accept it and asked, "Why not let us issue plaques? Didn't you agree to meet us? "

Kim said savagely, "We are following the boss's orders and forbid you to go to the meeting!" "

A worker's representative angrily asked Jin Yunmao and Huang Dianchen, "We are giving gifts to the conference. Why not let us go? " ? Isn't the road allowed us to go? "

Jin and Huang Dianchen did not answer, and workers' representatives were not allowed to come forward.

The workers' representatives headed by Shi Yang were extremely angry and rushed forward, and the military and police defense lines were washed away. The military police immediately surrounded the people who rushed out. They used a lot of people and weapons, forcibly broke the plaque in the hands of workers' representatives and threw it on the road. The workers' representatives were furious and flocked to the meeting place-Pule Opera House. The gate of the garden has been banned by the military and police, and the workers' representatives can't bear it and forcibly break in.

Lin Yunan attended the meeting with the workers' representatives.

Zhao Jixian, director of Han Jing Railway Bureau, immediately rushed to the meeting. Seeing the workers' representatives discussing the meeting nervously, he shouted: "No meetings, no talking and no guns here. Everyone can be dismissed and leave in five minutes. Otherwise, solve the problem by force. Anyone who resists will be engaged in military law! "

The workers' representatives at the scene were furious when they heard Zhao Jixian's call. Some lambasted Zhao Jixian and Huang Dianchen face to face, some were so anxious that they rubbed their hands and feet, and some were so angry that they burst into tears.

After a while, the workers' representatives saw that five minutes was coming, and felt that it was impossible to have a meeting in the park, so they kept shouting slogans in the park:

"Long live labor!" "Down with the warlords!" "Long live the Han Jing Federation of Railway Trade Unions!" "Long live the great unity of workers!"

With more and more troops and police, the Pule Opera House is crowded with people. The workers didn't want to leave, so the gendarmerie drove them out with bayonets.

Seeing the seriousness of the situation, Lin Yunan found Yang Defu and said softly, "In order to reduce unnecessary sacrifices, the Han Jing Railway General Union was announced and then dissolved."

Yang Defu, Shi Yang and others also agree with Lin Yunan. In the chaos, Yang Defu shouted loudly to the workers' representatives present: "Now I declare that the Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions has been formally established!"

Suddenly, the meeting was filled with cheers. The delegates raised their fists and shouted over and over again: "Long live the Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions!"

Walking out of Pule Theatre, workers' representatives asked Huang Dianchen to send the undamaged plaque to the Federation of Trade Unions, but Huang Dianchen disagreed. The workers' representatives negotiated with him many times, but he still disagreed. The delegates had no choice but to return to their places of residence.

In the afternoon, Jin Yunmao sent troops to occupy the organs of the Beijing-Hankou Railway Federation of Trade Unions, smashed all the office facilities such as tables and chairs newly bought by the Federation of Trade Unions, and arrested all the staff representatives who entered and left the Federation of Trade Unions. At the same time, the whole city of Zhengzhou was under martial law, and the streets and alleys were all armed police. Hotels, restaurants and hotel doors are also lined with military and police. In the hotel where the workers' representatives stayed, military police were stationed, which restricted the words and deeds of the workers' representatives and even prohibited speech, peers and visits.

The military and police have repeatedly forced workers' representatives to leave the hotel, and the Federation of Trade Unions is not allowed to hold banquets originally intended to entertain guests.

The military police also restricted workers' representatives from leaving Zhengzhou at night. If they don't leave, they will be arrested the next day.

In the downtown area of Zhengzhou, dark clouds are pressing down and it is raining blood.

Lin Yunan, who has rich experience in struggle, saw that the situation was critical, and felt that if he fought hard in Zhengzhou, the fish would die or the net would be broken. In this case, it is better to take a step back for a while and let representatives from all over the country go back to the local area to fight. Shepherd would rather lose wool than sheep. He suggested that the Hunan-Jiangxi Railway Federation of Trade Unions immediately hold an emergency meeting to study a unified temporary action plan.

In the evening, the preparatory office of the Beijing-Han Railway Federation of Trade Unions held an emergency meeting of representatives of each branch, and Lin Yunan attended the meeting.

The meeting decided that in order to protest against the illegal intervention and destruction of the warlord Wu and the railway authorities on the inaugural meeting of the Federation of Trade Unions, the Jinghan Railway held a general strike from the morning of the 4th, and the office of the Federation of Trade Unions was moved from Zhengzhou to Hankou Bank. The meeting also passed the "Special Emergency Notice of the Railway Federation of Trade Unions", requiring the Ministry of Communications to remove Zhao Jixian, director of the Railway Bureau, and Feng, director of the Southern Section; Wu was asked to remove the leather, investigate Huang Dianchen, compensate the inaugural meeting for the loss of 6,000 yuan, and return the seized plaques and gifts.

After the meeting, Hubei delegates, led by Lin Yunan, Chen Tanqiu, Xiang Ying and Shi Yang, boarded the southbound train.

In the car, Chen Tanqiu, Xiang Ying, Shi Yang, Xu and others discussed the action plan to launch a workers' strike in Korea.

After getting off the bus, Lin Yunan forgot to rest and wrote slogans, documents, telegrams, leaflets and notices for the general strike struggle overnight. He personally wrote or participated in the writing of the Declaration on Strike of All Workers of Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions, the Emergency Declaration of Hubei Provincial Federation of Trade Unions to Assist Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions in Strike, Warning Railway Operators, Warning Passengers and so on.

These declarations and leaflets written by him have wonderful words and strong appeal. For example, the leaflet Warning Passengers has only more than 200 punctuation marks, which is unforgettable after reading. The leaflet reads:

Compatriots, workers, etc. Destroyed by warlords and bureaucrats, they suffered great pain. Now they can't stand it any longer. They had to go on strike on the morning of the 4th of this month 10. In recent years, railways have been used as the benefits of warlord wars, and the loss of life and property of businessmen is unknown. Corruption in road administration and harassment by soldiers in cars are all caused by warlords robbing and deducting tolls, and bureaucrats embezzling and filling themselves. From this point of view, no agent has suffered, that is, passengers have also suffered. Therefore, the workers especially advised passengers that the workers' strike was forced by warlords and bureaucrats. After the strike, of course, tourists suffer, but this kind of pain is not given by workers, but by warlords and bureaucrats. I hope that tourists will pay attention, hope that tourists will sympathize and attack bureaucratic warlords in unison.

These declarations and leaflets written by Lin Yunan undoubtedly played a great propaganda role in exposing the crimes of reactionary warlords squeezing the people and undermining the establishment of trade union federations and calling on the masses to fight against the authorities.

At that time, although Zhang had come to Hankou to guide the workers' strike movement, he seldom went out because he didn't know much about the Wuhan workers' movement and was timid. As long as Lin Yunan contacted him with a single line, Lin Yunan was too busy, so he changed to Li Bogang to contact him. Mr. Li Bogang, who took part in the 27 th strike, also said in his memoirs that Zhang lived in Sanyuanli, Hankou, nominally directing the strike movement in Han, but actually did not express any opinions. Lin Yunan is an important leading cadre who went on strike on February 27th, mainly responsible for organizing and publicizing the work.

While leading the workers from all walks of life in Wuhan to support the strike struggle of the Beijing-Han Railway, Lin Yunan also actively participated in leading and assisting the temporary office of the Beijing-Han Railway Federation of Trade Unions to move to Binjiang, and made many good strategies for the strike struggle.

On February 3, factories, docks, telephone poles and major traffic intersections in three towns of Wuhan were plastered with strike declarations, slogans and leaflets of the Federation of Trade Unions. On the morning of February 4th, the Zhengzhou section of Beijing-Han Railway went on strike first. Then, Changxindian also started to strike. At 9: 00 a.m. on the 4th, Lin Xiangqian, chairman of Hankou Riverside Branch, officially issued a strike order, and worker Huang Zhengxing blew the whistle hard. The sound of the flute shook the banks of the Yangtze River and resounded through Wuhan.

When the workers heard the flute, they immediately put out the lights, cut off the wires, and disconnected the water pump ... the entire Jinghan Railway was paralyzed.

As soon as the strike started, the Federation of Trade Unions immediately organized pickets and investigation teams. The picket is the workers' own armed organization, responsible for self-defense; The investigation team is responsible for collecting information and asking about the situation.

In order to mobilize more people to support and support the workers' strike in Han Jing Road, Lin Yunan and others convened an emergency meeting of the Hubei Provincial Federation of Trade Unions overnight to study four specific measures to support and support the railway workers' strike in Han Jing:

(1) issued a declaration in the name of Hubei Federation of Trade Unions, urging Han Jing Road Management Department to solve the problem as soon as possible;

(2) holding demonstrations in conjunction with various labor organizations;

(3) Contact the National General Labor Strike;

(4) On February 6th, a mass meeting of Wuhan workers supporting the strike struggle of Beijing-Hanrailway workers was held in Jiang 'an.

After the meeting, he not only presided over the drafting of the emergency declaration of the Hubei Provincial Federation of Trade Unions to assist all the Beijing-Han Railway Federation of Trade Unions to strike, but also asked Pravda to be published in extra, and sent workers to distribute it everywhere to publicize the reasons and purposes of the strike.

On the third day of the strike, the Hubei Provincial Federation of Trade Unions organized more than 10,000 workers to hold a meeting of solidarity, support and condolences to the striking workers at Hankou Bank. Lin Yunan, Shi Yang, Xu and others spoke at the meeting. After the speech, Li Zhenying, secretary of the Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions, led everyone to shout slogans. After the meeting, Lin Yunan, Shiyang and Lin Xiangqian led the workers to March. Holding the red flag, the procession crossed the concession and came to China, giving speeches and shouting slogans along the way. The whole parade lasted for three hours.

In order to break up the workers' strike, Zhao Jixian, director of Han Jing Railway Bureau, sent people to post his notice everywhere in June and July. The notice said that the railway bureau has always been good to workers, and the treatment given is much higher than other industries. Workers should do their duty to the railway bureau and should not go on strike. If the laborer doesn't go to work after 12 hours, the railway bureau will consider him to have left his job automatically, so don't regret it then.

The workers thought that Zhao Jixian was the chief culprit in preventing and undermining the establishment of the Federation of Trade Unions and ignored his notice.

Strikes and marches held by Beijing-Han railway workers aroused panic and hatred against imperialism and its lackeys warlords. On the afternoon of February 7th, Zhang Houan, Consul General of Britain, Germany and France in Wuhan and Chief of Staff of warlord Xiao Yaonan, and others were summoned to the British Consulate by the British Consul General in Hankou, Lauring Jar, to plot an action plan to suppress the workers' movement. They decided to suppress the strike by force.

At 5pm on the 7th, striking workers gathered in front of the Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions.

At this time, the warlord Xiao Yaonan instructed Zhang Houan to lead the military and police of two battalions, carrying hundreds of ropes, and set off from the station in three ways, all the way across the left rear of the Fujian Street Trade Union, all the way across the right rear of the Sanjie Trade Union, and the third way straight to the Jinghan Railway Federation of Trade Unions in Jiang' an. Zhang Houan and the director of Jiang 'an Eighth District Police Branch stood in front of the gate of the Federation of Trade Unions to direct the actions of the military and police.

Gunfire first sounded three blocks away. At that time, three streets, smoke filled, bloody pieces.

Wang Xianrui, a worker sent by the picket team of the Federation of Trade Unions to maintain order, saw that many workers were killed and injured, and he was in great pain. He stood in the hail and shouted, "Workers, they killed so many of our brothers, let's all go to hell!" "

Workers without casualties heard the shouts and risked their lives to save the wounded who fell to the ground.

At this time, a military police officer fired at Wang Xianrui, and Wang was shot and fell with the gunfire. When he died, the placard of "maintaining order" was still standing beside him.

The vice captain of the workers' picket team was extremely angry when he saw so many workers being shot. When he saw a policeman trying to shoot a worker, he immediately ran to hug the policeman, and kept shouting, "Don't shoot an unarmed worker, don't hit our worker brother ..." When a policeman standing by saw this, he pulled out his pistol and shot Zeng, who died immediately. The embraced gendarmerie officer was also killed by a bullet passing through him.

Two hawkers and a dung picker were also killed by indiscriminate shooting.

In less than half an hour, three military and police officers met in front of the Federation of Trade Unions, and the office of the Federation of Trade Unions was packed. The murderer, Zhang Houan, and the police chief moved to the Rotary School to take command. There was a burst of gunfire from the military and police, and the streets were full of bodies. Zhang Houan still felt that he had not killed enough, so he ordered the trumpeter to blow the horn and ordered the military and police to continue the massacre. Another batch of workers fell in a pool of blood.

There are bodies everywhere in front of the Federation of Trade Unions, and there are rivers of blood.

Lin Yunan, a worker, witnessed great casualties, and his heart was bleeding. He thought calmly for a while and felt that he should not sit still and die, nor should he be rash. He used his quick wits and secretly directed the workers to flee around to reduce losses.

Seeing that many workers had escaped, Zhang Houan quickly sent troops to kill them.

The workers didn't bring anything, and with good physical strength, most of them ran faster, and the military police only chased a few people. Lin Yunan and the workers fled the killing field in the chaos. More than 80 workers who did not escape were all caught by the military and police. Zhang Houan ordered the military police to tie more than 80 people to telephone poles and beat them. Some people were black and blue all over, some people were badly bruised, and some people were beaten black and blue ... After the battle, the military police searched for workers who took part in the strike in nearby houses, found one and shot one.

All the office facilities and plaques of the Federation of Trade Unions were smashed and all the property was looted.

At that time, Chairman Lin Xiangqian and Lin Yunan of Jiang 'an Sub-branch lived in a building in Du 'anli, Hankou. When the military police rushed into the house, Lin Xiangqian was caught before he could run. Lin Yunan heard that the military police had come downstairs to arrest people. He quickly grabbed a rope and tied it to the window frame, then hung it on the window and ran away from the back of the house.

Lin Xiangqian's younger brother Lin Yuancheng escaped from home and was found by a military police. The gendarmerie immediately shouted: "He is Lin Xiangqian's younger brother!" As soon as the shouts stopped, another policeman immediately raised his bayonet and stabbed Lin Yuancheng, who was beaten away. Lin Yuancheng dodged and died by the executioner's sword.

Zhang Houan also sent military police to Yang Defu's house to search. Since Yang Defu's family has escaped, the military police turned a blind eye. At 7 o'clock in the evening, the military and police searched for Shiyang at No.5 Piye Lane, Houhualou, Hankou. Shiyang was caught and put in an army prison.

After the police captured and killed him, they robbed shops and people's property around the Federation of Trade Unions. Some military police robbed too many things and piled them up in nearby snack bars, asking them to pick them up the next day.

Zhang Houan commanded the military police to kill and arrest the river bank for more than two hours. Later, he turned to persecute Lin Xiangqian. He personally carried a "lantern", together with the police chief and section chief, searched for Lin Xiangqian among more than 80 people who were bound, and forced Lin Xiangqian to order the workers to return to work, which was immediately resolutely rejected by Lin Xiangqian. That night, Lin Xiangqian was killed.

On this day, the military police of Xiao Yaonan and Zhang Houan shot and killed 37 workers and injured more than 200 people.

Along the river bank, there is more than blood, and the three towns of Wuhan are shrouded in white terror. ...

"27 February" strike

2004-06-30 23:29:59.0

Also known as the Jing-Han railway strike. The first climax of the workers' movement in China was the largest and most influential. It happened in February 1923, centering on Zhengzhou Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions, starting from Changxindian in the north and reaching Hankou in the south. The strike of railway workers in Changxindian is one of the important links.

Background Changxindian and Lugou Bridge are the cradles of China railway industry. Luhan Railway was built in 1897, and Lugouqiao Railway Machinery Factory was jointly built by France, Belgium and other countries. 1900 lugouqiao machinery factory was destroyed by the boxer movement. 190 1 year, lugouqiao machinery factory moved to changxindian, which was the railway factory of changxindian at that time. The factory is run by Belgium, and the director is Ruoman. The number of workers in 19 19 has reached about 3,000, with a daily wage of 30 to 40 cents. In the winter of 19 18 and at the end of 19 19, Mao Zedong came to Changxindian twice to enlighten the workers. 19 19 After the May 4th Movement broke out, Changxindian organized a group of 10 people from all walks of life to support the patriotic movement of Beijing students. During this period, Li Dazhao, Zhang, Deng Zhongxia, Gao and Deng Pei, the early leaders of China * * * *, founded a labor tutorial school in Changxindian, and later established a workers' club. Peking University Civic Education Lecture Group held a lecture in Changxindian to promote Marxism-Leninism. After the first congress of the China * * * Production Party was held, the Secretary Department of the China Trade Union was established immediately, and the Secretary Department set up a branch in Beijing to be responsible for the workers' movement of the Beijing-Han Railway. In August, 1922, Changxindian went on strike in August and won. 1922 China workers' movement reached its first climax. 65438+ 10/2 Hong Kong seafarers' demand for higher wages was rejected by British capitalists, so they went on strike under the leadership of Lin Weimin and Su, heads of China Seafarers' Industry Federation. In September, Li, Li and Li led 65438+700,000 workers to strike in Anyuan Road Mine. Responding to this strike, there are workers from Shanhaiguan Railway Factory on Jingfeng Road, mud carpenters in Changsha, workers from Tangshan Factory on Jingfeng Road, workers from Kailuan Coal Mine, workers from Jingsui Railway, letterpress workers in Changsha and workers from Zheng Tai Railway. At that time, the domestic political situation coincided with the defeat of Anhui warlords, and the strength of Zhifeng increased greatly. Zhifeng warlords, led by Cao Kun and Wu, supported hundreds of thousands of soldiers and controlled Luoyang, Baoding, Fengtai, Beijing and Tianjin and other North China regions. From April to May, the two armies fought in Fengtai, Lugouqiao and Changxindian. In order to obtain military reserve resources and ensure smooth railway traffic, Wu used a large number of railway workers to serve himself. Under the banner of "opening up", Wu used the slogan of "protecting labor" to confuse workers and maintain their monopoly position in Beijing. * * * Take this opportunity to organize workers' clubs and trade unions and put forward various reasonable demands to warlords, thus pushing the workers' movement to a climax. On February 1923 and 1, the Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions was blocked by direct warlords. That night, the Federation of Trade Unions held a secret meeting and decided to announce that the All-Han Jing Road Federation of Trade Unions would strike at noon on the 4th. On the evening of the 3rd, Shi Wenbin, chairman of Changxindian Branch, returned to Beijing and held an emergency meeting overnight to convey the strike order.

1On the morning of February 4th, 923, more than 3,000 workers gathered at the Niangniang Palace in Changxindian. At the meeting, Shi Wenbin reported the inaugural meeting of the Federation of Trade Unions and its destruction by warlords, and announced the strike order. After the meeting, the strike began, and the Federation of Trade Unions issued a strike declaration, and put forward the conditions for returning to work: ① Dismantle Zhao Jixian, director of investigation, Zheng Yun, deputy director of southern section, and Huang Dianchen, director of Zhengzhou police department. (2) claim compensation for the losses suffered by the inaugural meeting, the damaged plaque is hung again, and the stolen items are required to be returned by Zhengzhou military police. (3) Take one day off every week and seven days off in the Lunar New Year without pay. After the strike began, workers' pickets stood guard at various intersections and stopped the train at the station. Every worker holds a small white flag with slogans such as "sacred labor", "improving workers' political status", "improving workers' living standards" and "fighting for human rights and freedom". During the strike, all the workers went to the club to participate in activities, which were orderly and popular with the public. On February 5th, the tea service of Beijing Railway Bureau also went on strike. Zhao Jixian, the railway director, received an order from Wu to deal with this matter severely. Zhao Jixian then issued a threatening notice to restrict the workers from returning to work within 12 hours, but the workers ignored it. Zhao sent people to Changxindian to threaten the trade union to negotiate alone, and the trade union replied that it only knew the orders of the Federation of Trade Unions and knew nothing else. In the afternoon, Cao Kun invaded Changxindian and declared martial law. All workers also demonstrated and publicized to the soldiers. On February 6th, the strike investigation team reported that an army was coming to Zhuozhou. Hearing this news, we chose 120 workers and 500 soldiers to learn to drive. It is also pointed out that if the striking workers do not return to work, they will be dismissed as a worker and deported. The workers ignored it. Jing and the governor of Wanping county came to persuade them to go to work, and the workers replied, "It's up to the Federation of Trade Unions to decide." Strikes in other places began on February 4, and the strike struggle was widely carried out across the Beijing-Han Railway. ① Jiang 'an. On February 5th, Xiao Yaonan, governor of Hubei Province, sent Zhang Housheng, chief of staff, to the riverbank, threatening the trade union to hand over important leaders with a tough attitude. The Federation of Trade Unions pointed out. Unless Cao Kun, Wu and the head of the Ministry of Communications come, they will not be received. At noon, a large number of troops surrounded the factory and arrested two drivers. After hearing the news, the workers gathered more than 2000 people. Break through the army line and recapture two workers. During the conflict, the military police arrested three members of the workers' picket, and the General Union sent someone to demand their release. On the 6th, hundreds of representatives from various trade unions in Wuhan, totaling more than 2,000 people, went to Jiang 'an to hold a condolence meeting. After the condolence meeting, workers held a demonstration from Jiang 'an via Hankou Concession, which ended in 265,438+0 hours. ② Zhengzhou. On February 4th, Jin, commander of Zhengzhou Garrison, called the trade union representatives to speak and forced them to drive back to work. The union representative refused on the grounds that "you must have the order of the General Union to drive". On the 5th, King arrested three union members. When the workers heard the news, they immediately organized themselves to negotiate with Kim. On the 6th, the military police arrested two trade union members. In the morning, Jin Yunmao pushed five workers' representatives out of the station. In the afternoon, the police station rang gongs to call workers to work, but the workers ignored them.

After World War II, under the pretext of "protecting labor", Wu maintained his rule by setting up labor offices, approving labor legislation, awarding portrait medals and inviting workers' representatives. Due to the strike in Changxindian, Wu lost 60,000 yuan every month. To this end, Zhen Wu suppressed the strike, and the railway workers in Changxindian were the first to bear the brunt. On February 5th, Zhang Guoqing, the captain of Beiyang warlord garrison headquarters, led four outing teams from a battalion to Changxindian to closely monitor the strikers. On the afternoon of February 6th, Zhao Jixian, director of Han Jing Railway Bureau, Tang Xiaoqiu, county magistrate of wanping county, police inspector general cooperated with Shi Sheng, brigade commander of Huncheng Brigade 14 Brigade, and Zhang Guoqing, the captain of the Four Churches, to negotiate urgently in Changxindian to formulate a suppression plan. At 9 o'clock in the evening, Shi Quansheng, leading 14 Brigade, 2 nd Regiment, 3 rd Battalion, Youzhi Team, our company and railway police broke into the home of railway workers in Changxindian, and arrested * * * producers Wu Ruming, Chen,,, Hong Yongfu, Yang Xizhen,, Wu Zhen and Yi Shun. On the morning of February 7th, Luo and Liu Boqing came to Changxindian by bus. After learning that Shi Wenbin and others 1 1 were arrested, they quickly organized a team of 3,000 or 4,000 workers to flock to the Temple of Fire in Changxindian, surrounded the police station and confronted the garrison and two police battalions in the temple. The demonstrators first sent Han to negotiate, and then sent Sun Chengwu and Liu Wen to Wujin to negotiate. When the army saw the crowd pouring in, they immediately retreated and fired. Soon, the 3rd Battalion of the 4th Regiment of Huncheng Brigade arrived, and the two sides began to clash. In the conflict, Ge Shugui, Yang, Xin, Zhao Changrun were killed and 29 people were injured. More than 20 people, including He Liu, were arrested and the strike of railway workers in Changxindian was severely suppressed. On the bank of Hankou, Hubei Governor Xiao Yaonan sent Zhang Housheng, an aide, to direct the crackdown. At 5 o'clock on the afternoon of February 7, Zhang Housheng led two battalions to surround the Federation of Trade Unions and ordered the shooting. Hundreds of unarmed workers' pickets clashed with military police, including Zeng, 32 people were killed and more than 200 injured. At the same time, the army surrounded the workers' dormitory and searched for workers. Lin Xiangqian, Chairman of Jiang 'an Branch of Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions, was arrested. The military police tied him to a telephone pole at the station and forced him to order his return to work. Lin Xiangqian flatly refused and died generously. At the same time, there were also bloody deaths in Baoding, Luoyang and Zhengzhou stations. Throughout the 227 massacre, Beijing and South Korea stood 12 hours, * * * sacrificed more than 40 people, was arrested 100 people, injured more than 500 people, and nearly a thousand unemployed workers were exiled.

The Erqi murder case committed by direct warlords Wu, Xiao Yaonan and their subordinate Shi Quansheng has aroused unanimous anger from all walks of life in China. China * * * production party brutally killed road workers for Wu, and published a letter to the working class and people, calling on the working class to unite and overthrow the Wu regime. China Trade Union Secretariat issued a slogan to warn people, and put forward the slogan of fighting for freedom, resisting warlords, fighting for civil rights and resisting brutal killings. The Vladivostok Workers' Federation declared Wu Dengjun guilty, and organizations and groups such as Shanghai Students' Federation, Beijing Organization Federation, All-China Federation, National Railway Workers' Federation Preparatory Committee, Beijing League, Hunan Workers' Federation, Peking University Students' Federation, Chaozhou Federation of Trade Unions, Shanghai Workers' Federation, National Workers' Federation, China Socialist Youth League, Hubei Workers' Federation, National Seafarers' Federation and Beijing Student Federation sent telegrams one after another. On March 2, people from all walks of life in Beijing demonstrated to the warlord government in Tiananmen Square, which was suppressed by the government. On March 22nd, more than 5,000 people from all walks of life in Beijing held a memorial service for Shi Yang, Lin and Erqi martyrs. In order to preserve and accumulate revolutionary forces, the Party organization informed the Han Jing Railway Federation of Trade Unions to resume work on February 9th. Changxindian trade union was severely damaged under the pressure of warlord government. The northern workers' movement temporarily turned into a low tide.