Pang hotel

Optical fiber access can provide users with high-speed bandwidths of 100MBPS, 1000MBPS and1000 Mbps, and can directly access the backbone nodes of CHINANET. It is mainly suitable for high-speed internet access and high-speed interconnection between commercial group users and intelligent community LAN. Users can be provided with three specific access modes.

Optical fiber+Ethernet access

Applicable object: residential areas that have been built or are convenient for comprehensive wiring and system integration.

Optical fiber access

Residential and commercial buildings, etc.

The main network products needed: switches, hubs, super-category 5 lines, etc.

Optical fiber +HOMPEPNA

Applicable objects: residential quarters, hotel buildings, etc. , do not do well or inconvenient integrated wiring and system integration.

Main network products required: HOMEPNA Private Exchange (HUB) HOMEPNA Private Terminal Products (MODEM), etc.

Optical fiber +VDSL

Applicable objects: residential quarters, hotel buildings, etc. , do not do well or inconvenient integrated wiring and system integration.

Main network products required: VDSL private exchange VDSL private terminal products.

Optical fiber+Category 5 cable access (FTTx+ LAN)

Based on "Gigabit to the community, 100 Mbps to the building, 10 Mbps to the user", the fiber +5 cable access mode is particularly suitable for China's national conditions. It is mainly suitable for residential quarters, enterprises and institutions, colleges and universities with relatively concentrated users. FTTX is optical fiber transmission to (roadside, community, building-), and LAN is local area network. Mainly for users who need broadband Internet access in residential quarters, high-grade office buildings, dormitories for teachers and students in colleges and universities, individual users or enterprises can realize high-speed Internet access and high-speed interconnection through five types of network cables connected to Ethernet cards in users' computers.

Optical fiber direct access

For large enterprises, institutions or group users who have exclusive demand for high-speed optical fiber Internet access. The transmission bandwidth starts from 2M, and it can reach gigabit or even higher according to users' requirements.

Business features: High-speed Internet access or high-speed interconnection between enterprise LANs can be realized according to the needs of user groups for different rates. At the same time, due to the high upload and download bandwidth, optical fiber access mode is especially suitable for online applications such as distance education, telemedicine, video conferencing and so on, which release a large amount of external information.

Suitable user groups: concentrated users living in houses, communities and office buildings that have been or are convenient for comprehensive wiring; Large enterprises, institutions or group users with exclusive demand for optical fiber.

Optical fiber access-access equipment

1. Active Optical Network

As the name implies, local devices (CE) and remote devices (

Optical fiber access

RE) is connected by active optical transmission equipment. Transmission technology is SDH and PDH technology, which have been widely used in backbone networks, but SDH technology is the main technology. Remote equipment mainly completes the functions of service collection, interface adaptation, multiplexing and transmission. Local equipment mainly completes interface adaptation, multiplexing and transmission functions. In addition, the local equipment also provides element management system with a network management interface. In the actual access network construction, the topology of active optical networks is usually star or ring. Active optical networks have the following technical characteristics:

◆ Large transmission capacity. SDH transmission equipment used in access networks generally provides interfaces of 155Mb/s or 622Mb/s, and some even provide interfaces of 2.5 GB/s. In the future, as long as there is enough traffic demand, the transmission bandwidth can be increased, and the transmission bandwidth potential of optical fiber is almost unlimited relative to the demand of access networks.

◆ The transmission distance is long, and it can reach 70 ~ 80km without relay equipment.

◆ Good user information isolation. No matter whether the network topology of active optical network is star or ring, logically, the transmission mode of user information is point to point.

Mature technology, both SDH equipment and PDH equipment have been widely used in Ethernet.

Due to the wide application of SDH/PDH technology in backbone transmission networks, the cost of active optical access equipment has been greatly reduced, but compared with other access technologies in access networks, the cost is still high.

2.ATM Passive Optical Network (ATM-PON)

The most important feature of ATM-PON is its passive point-to-multipoint network structure. It integrates ATM technology and passive optical network technology, and can provide existing services from narrowband to broadband. ATM-PON consists of OLT, ONU/ONT and passive optical splitter. Among them, the splitter is an optical splitter, which splits and distributes the input optical signals into multiple optical fibers or merges them into one optical fiber according to the sending direction of light. ONU/ONT mainly completes the functions of service acquisition, interface adaptation, multiplexing and transmission, while OLT mainly completes the functions of interface adaptation, multiplexing and transmission. In addition, OLT provides a network management interface for element management system.

The working mode of optical splitter in ODN (Optical Distribution Network) is passive, which is the origin of the word "passive" in passive optical network. But ONU and OLT still work in active mode, that is, they need external power supply to work normally. Therefore, using passive optical network access technology, not all devices can work without external feed, but there are no active devices in ODN.

3. Narrowband Passive Optical Network (Narrowband PON)

The network topology of narrowband PON is the same as that of ATM-PON, and the main differences between narrowband PON and ATM-PON are as follows:

◆ ATM-PON is a broadband access technology, which can provide users with access rate greater than 2Mb/s; Narrowband PON is a narrowband access technology, which only supports narrowband services and provides users with the maximum access rate of 2MB/s. ..

◆ The line rate of narrowband PON is much lower than that of ATM-PON. Its line speed is generally between 20Mb/s and 50 MB/s.

◆ The transmission of narrowband PON adopts circuit mode, and ATM-PON adopts packet mode (ATM cell).

◆ The network interface of narrowband PON is generally V5 interface, and the user interface is all kinds of existing narrowband service interfaces; The network interface of ATM-PON is generally ATM interface, and the user interface includes various broadband and narrowband service interfaces.

◆ Narrowband PON is not as good as ATM-PON specification. Narrow-band PON is a product before the standard; ATM-PON is a product and standard that appears almost simultaneously.

Except for the above differences, other characteristics of narrowband PON are the same as ATM-PON. The equipment price of narrow-band PON has dropped rapidly, approaching the price of IDLC (Integrated Digital Loop Carrier), which is widely used in narrow-band access.

Classification and business

According to different types of users, broadband users can be roughly divided into the following seven categories: government agencies, financial securities, intelligent buildings, residential quarters, hotels, schools and hospitals, and enterprise scientific research.

1. 1 government users

Government agencies are an important market area. Because of their special status and great influence on society, their demand for broadband access mainly comes from the "government internet access project" and the informationization and openness of office. With the acceleration of informatization in all walks of life, the demand for computer network interconnection business in cities has become more urgent.

1.2 users of financial securities

Financial securities users are a major customer of telecom operators, mainly engaged in various interactive multimedia services such as data communication and computer networking, providing private network services for financial, banking and securities companies, and realizing universal deposit and withdrawal for banks and credit cooperatives.

1.3 intelligent building users

Intelligent buildings and high-rise office buildings are the places where business customers and other group users are most concentrated. These group users are generally big customers of telecom operators, and the sensitivity of group users to tariffs is lower than that of home users. The demand of users is to provide comprehensive, reliable and safe network services. Broadband high-speed interconnection, LAN interconnection and other services based on broadband access network, such as high-speed data transmission, data center, video conference, etc., have broad market prospects, and these users will also have the demand for IP phones.

1.4 residential users

With the increasing demand for information, the construction of broadband information community in wireless city and living communities has become a major focus of telecom operators' competition. For telecom operators, this is not only the development point of value-added services, but also the breakthrough point in the new field of telecom services. Broadband informatization will be built in these commercial and residential areas to provide users with high-speed Internet services. The community information services of the community include community management, e-commerce, video on demand, transaction processing and so on.

1.5 Hotel users

With the continuous improvement of hotel management system, hotel Internet service will become a hot topic in the future. The hotel's online business has improved the hotel's popularity and service level, and increased its own benefits while providing quality services to customers. Guests can carry out work and business activities in the hotel through the Internet, and can also inquire about hotel conditions, book hotels, check out and other activities through the Internet, which greatly facilitates customers.

1.6 users of school hospital

The demand for broadband access in schools and hospitals comes from electronic teaching, distance education, telemedicine and information community.

1.7 enterprise scientific research users

Enterprises go online mainly to understand the economic forms at home and abroad, seize business opportunities, open up new market space, and at the same time promote enterprises online. Scientific research units realize remote data processing, monitoring and scientific research cooperation in different places through the Internet.

Network access

Residential access: connecting home systems and networks.

Company access: connecting the terminal system of a commercial or educational institution with the network.

2. 1 residential access

Connect home system (such as PC) with edge router.

2. 1. 1 via dial-up modem.

Use dial-up modem to connect home terminal system to ISP through ordinary analog telephone line. This is a common and popular form. Home modem converts the digital signal output by PC into analog form for transmission on analog telephone line (twisted pair).

The disadvantage is that the quality of twisted pair is low, the effective rate obtained by users is much lower than 56kbit/s, and the download time is long. For example, it takes about 8 minutes to download a 3-minute MP3 song. Users can't surf the Internet and make ordinary calls at the same time.

2. 1.2 bandwidth access technology

Provide higher bit rate for residential users; Users can surf the Internet and make phone calls at the same time. Two common types: digital subscriber line (DSL) and hybrid fiber coaxial cable (HFC).

2. 1.2. 1 DSL access of digital subscriber line

Provided by a telephone company or a company cooperating with an independent ISP.

Similar to dial-up modem, but the download rate generally exceeds the upload rate, and the actual implementation rate is lower.

2. 1.2.2 HFC

It is an improvement on the traditional radio and television cable system. Coaxial cable and optical fiber hybrid access mode are adopted, and each neighborhood connection point supports 500 to 500 home users.

Characterized by being divided into two channels: a downlink channel and an uplink channel. Downlink channel has larger bandwidth and faster transmission rate, which is enjoyed by every household. If several users download at the same time, the actual rate received by each user will be greatly reduced. When several users send data packets at the same time, there will be conflicts, which will reduce the utilization rate of uplink bandwidth.

2. 1.3 comparison

DSL establishes a point-to-point connection between home and ISP, and all the bandwidth is exclusive to others.

HFC has higher bandwidth than DSL;

DSL and HFC can provide services at any time: after the user turns on the computer, he is always connected to the ISP and can make and receive ordinary calls at the same time.