What prompted the emergence of Guangzhou arcade?

On both sides of the narrow street, what's wrong? The house seems to have feet, supported by pillars in the air. Look carefully again, the house on the ground floor seems to have been hollowed out by about two meters. In this way, a spacious pedestrian corridor is formed on the left and right sides of the street, which can reach hundreds of meters or even thousands of meters in length.

This is an important symbol of arcade and Lingnan architecture.

Arcade era

The age of Guangzhou arcade is not more than 100 years old. Professor Zhou Cuiling told the reporter: "In the seventh year of the Republic of China (19 18), Guangzhou demolished the city walls, expanded roads and opened Yuexiu North, Renmin Road, Panfu Road, Wen Ming Road and Dade Road, which still serve people's livelihood. At that time, in order to make full use of the road space, and at the same time, in view of the humid, rainy, hot and high temperature climate characteristics in the south, two or three-story arcade buildings with mixed brick and wood structures were built on both sides of the road, and even modern buildings, south buildings, Xindaxin Company and so on. It also adopted this arcade-style architectural structure, which swept the city for a time and formed the main pattern of Guangzhou street view. "

At that time, the arcades were mainly concentrated in commercial streets such as Zhongshan Road, Jiefang Road and Renmin South Road, and the arcades around Xihaokou were the most spectacular. The business in this area is prosperous, and the arcade-style building space is tall and open, such as Xinya Hotel and Xinhua Hotel. Aiqun Hotel, built in 1934, is also a typical arcade-style building on the first floor.

Qilouyuan

Speaking of the source of arcade, there are two popular views at present.

First, the theory of "European style and beautiful rain". Guangzhou is an important city in modern China influenced by European style and beautiful rain. Today, Cantonese expressions such as "shop", "ball" and "basket handle (number)" are almost transliteration in English. The influence of European style and beautiful rain on Guangzhou is also very obvious in architecture, such as Catholic sacred heart hall (stone room) and other religious buildings; Such as Guangzhou Postal Administration Building, Guangdong Customs Building, City Hall Building, Provincial Finance Department Building and Provincial Federation of Trade Unions Building; Such as xiguan big house, Zhulou, Dongshan Garden House and Xiaoyanglou; Memorial buildings such as Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall and Seamen's Hall; There are also commercial buildings such as Aiqun Building, South Building, City Bank Building, Provincial Bank Building and Xinya Hotel.

According to the document issued by Guangdong Provincial Tourism Bureau, "the commercial arcade building was first seen in ancient Greece more than 2,000 years ago, then became popular in Europe, and only spread to all parts of the world in modern times." Therefore, some experts believe that the arcade is the product of Guangdong people's combination of western architecture and Lingnan architecture, and it is a typical "combination of Chinese and Western".

The second view is that the arcade is the architectural heritage of Gan Lan, the ancestors of the Yue nationality. "Natural History" said: "South Vietnam nests". The annals of South Vietnam said: "South Vietnam is the gateway." The so-called "nest residence" and "door residence" are the "dry pillars" exhibited in Guangzhou Museum. Professor Zhou Cuiling told the reporter: "Dry refers to the above, and the column refers to the house. Architectural culture is closely related to the development level of productive forces. In prehistoric times, the primitive buildings in Lingnan experienced the development process from cave dwelling to semi-cave dwelling and then to complete ground. According to textual research, the trunk of the cultural relics unearthed from the Han Tomb exhibited in Guangzhou Museum is a house with people living on it and livestock and sundries under it. This kind of dry fence is characterized by dryness, ventilation, summer and moistureproof, which is suitable for the subtropical climate and geographical environment of Lingnan. "

Whether it is the theory of "combining Chinese and Western culture" or the theory of "inheriting tradition", arcade, as a symbol of Guangzhou, fully embodies the characteristics of Guangzhou shopping malls and witnesses the modernization process of Guangzhou. In Shanghai, Wuhan and other cities, the arcade has even become a symbol of "Guangdong Street".

Arcade philosophy

Recently, the reporter read a lot of information about arcade in the library, which said that arcade is the product of Guangdong folk wisdom, not the invention of professional builders.

If we look at the arcade from the perspective of folklore, we may be able to understand the unique "arcade philosophy" of Guangdong people.

There is an old saying: "How can you not bow your head under one roof?" However, under the arcade, whether it is hot or rainy, it can be handled calmly.

In the traditional architecture of China, the "corridor" is a routine project, but it is mostly used for enjoying the cool, inviting the bright moon and seeing the water features. But riding the corridor downstairs is more like social welfare. Walking under the corridor can not only block the scorching sun, but also avoid the wind and rain, so you can feel at ease. Of course, there are businessmen's ideas here. You can't stand in the corridor. Well, just go back to the store within 2 meters. When you look at it, you will inevitably meet the right object and you can buy it. Everyone is very happy.

Although the storefront has retreated 2 meters, it is not as eye-catching as the street, but this retreat has withdrawn from the larger profit space, and the wisdom of the old Cantonese businessmen is inside.

Another major feature of the arcade is free decoration, which also reflects the good character of Cantonese people who use it for me.

Professor Zhou Cuiling said: "The arcade is generally divided into three parts: the top, the main body and the bottom. Some roofs are spire-tower-shaped, and some front walls have arched awnings with rich shapes. There are also various wall decorations, such as embossed patterns, windows, molding feet, balcony cast iron railings and so on. Some of them combine the architectural decoration styles of Baroque or Rococo in the West, some are auspicious patterns of beautiful fruits with Lingnan characteristics, and some are classical patterns of rolling grass in China. Some people also use Manchu windows in arcades.

Guangzhou arcade is the representative of Guangzhou arcade, which has various forms and is well preserved.

Imitation gothic style

Aiqun Building and Beijing Road Xinhua Bookstore are imitation Gothic arcades, which are relatively rare.

Beijing Road Xinhua Bookstore embodies Gothic decorative style, strong vertical lines and arched windows. The facade of Aiqun Building is mainly composed of vertical composition, with Gothic windows, and the arcade on the ground floor has also been treated as imitation Gothic windows, which makes people feel a strong Gothic style.

Nanyang style

Wen Ming Road 186.

This kind of arcade has a unique and creative form in Nanyang-opening one or more circular or other holes in the daughter's wall, which is an architectural wisdom to prevent typhoon attacks and reduce the wind load on buildings, but it has formed a unique architectural art form.

Ancient Roman coupon gallery style

Xinhua hotel

This arcade has a stamp column on the ground floor, and the center of the stamp is decorated with a whirlpool, which is magnificent in style, and simplified Roman columns are used in some places.

Imitate baroque style

Wanfu Road 1 14

This kind of arcade is decorated in baroque style, except Wanfu Road, Xiajiu Road and Jinlong West Road, which are mostly used for mountain flower decoration and parapet curve.

Modern style

This kind of arcade was built after 1980s, and it is obviously different from the traditional arcade in terms of scale, structure, material and modeling style. Generally speaking, the complex decoration is abandoned in the facade treatment, and a simple, lively and practical functionalism treatment method is adopted.

China traditional style

Dezheng South Road 139 is the representative. This kind of arcade embodies the characteristics of traditional houses in the south. The ground floor is picked out along the street, the corridor crosses the sidewalk, and two or three windows are arranged on the front wall of the floor, and the facade is basically unadorned. This kind of arcade is only kept sporadically in Nanhua Road, Tongfu Road, Wanfu Road, Dezheng Road and Uprising Road.

References:

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