Historical Textual Research on Bai Fan Temple in Yushan

Yushan is the birthplace of Brahma in China, which originated in the Buddha's era, while the earliest Brahma in China began in Cao Wei's era. Cao Zhi was the founder of Brahma's voice, a Buddhist song in China, and changed Brahma to Qin. In the third year of Taihe (229), Chen and Cao Zhi visited Yushan, and heard that there was Sanskrit singing in the cave, so they planned to write lyrics according to the contents of Prince Rui Ying's book, and mainly created Tathagata White (the first song), Cloud White and Life White, which were called Yushan or Yushan in history. Later, they were called "Yushan Bai Fan". "Bai Fan" refers to the ode that Buddhists recite, worship, stop and admire in front of Buddha and Bodhisattva. It is a pure voice that purifies life, and later generations generally refer to traditional Buddhist music. Wei Mingdi (227-239) has a big pagoda (see Shi Lao Zhi), and Chen Caozhi also likes reading Buddhist scriptures and writing Sanskrit. According to the record of monk You in the Liang Dynasty (445-5 18), there is a title of "Chen Yushan's voice recording". "Three Treasures of Past Dynasties" has been published for five years: he participated in the translation of "The Classic of Prince Ruiying", led by "The Modesty of Yueshi Poets". Liang Huijiao's Biography of Eminent Monks (5 19), Volume XIII, said: "Chen Caozhi loves melody deeply, which belongs to the sound classics, which is not only the general cover of sound, but also the feeling of fish and mountain gods. Therefore, the deletion and processing of sounds should start from the beginning, thinking that there are more than 3,000 kinds of sounds in Scholar's Academy, and 40 of them are two in the contract. " Among them, 42 contracts are 42 songs. It is recorded in the History of the Three Kingdoms and the Book of Wei. "Fahua Xuan Zan" (897) Volume 4 says: "Wang Dengyu Mountain, hearing the chanting in the cave, is clear and far from common, so he plans to make a sound for Brahma." Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty inscribed the couplet of Baodi Temple in Xiangshan, Beijing: "The country is full of incense, and the ancient branches are divided into deer gardens; The sky is high and the clouds are light, and the clear sky meets the fish mountain. " Elder Ben Huan, a master of contemporary Buddhism, named it "Bai Fan Zuting", and Yi Chang, president of the Chinese Buddhist Association, named Bai Fan Temple, which attracted the attention of many elders. Shi Wu Yong, the thirty-third generation authentic descendant of Cao Dong in Shaolin Temple, made great vows, practiced precepts and paid equal attention to agriculture and Zen. Leading the four disciples to "practice Buddhism with sound, and sing harmony with Brahma", * * * will work together with Qi Xin to win, carry forward Buddhism on earth and benefit mankind!

China Yushan Bai Fan Cultural Festival was successfully held in 2006! Organizing exchanges with Japan, the United States, Taiwan Province Province and other places has made Bai Fan a new milestone. In 2008, it was approved by the State Council as a national intangible cultural protection unit. Until today, Brahma is flourishing in the world, and I looked up and saw it.

In 230 AD, Cao Zhi initiated the system of "Fish Mountain Bai Fan" in his translation of Ruiying Ben Qi Jing, which initially overcame the problem of "Sanskrit repetition and single Chinese" and made the Sanskrit sounds from the western regions and Tianzhu suitable for Chinese singing. Therefore, Chinese Buddhist music began to be born. After he dived to Wudi, he produced Ju Lian Bai Fan, which was circulated in the south of the Yangtze River. In the first two forms of Brahma, the Kangju National Monk will teach "Mud Wall Brahma" in Jiankang. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Li Miduo, a monk from the Western Regions, came to China and lived in Jianchu Temple in Jiankang. This person is aloof and does not learn Jin language. "I used to be Hu Bai's three lines, Sanskrit Lingyun, reciting thousands of words, singing loudly, and keeping a straight face. Then I waved my hand and accepted my tears, very proud. He also taught his disciples to find the calendar and recite it aloud today. " For a time, it became a "loud Bai Fan" in Jiangnan; In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tan Zhi, a monk from the State of Yue who once lived in Huqiu Mountain, also wrote Six Words of Bai Fan. Thanks to the advocacy of emperors, Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty entered its heyday. Buddhist activities are going to the people, and Buddhist music is becoming more and more popular and popular.

Before the Tang Dynasty, it was mainly the Buddhist scriptures of Yushan, such as Tathagata, Yunhe and Life. Statement set) three kinds. There are two poems in the Tathagata Buddha White, and the article Sheng is published. One is that "the Tathagata is a wonderful body, and there is nothing in the world." Incredible, today is a salute "; The second is that "the color of the Tathagata is endless, and the wisdom is also complex; All laws are eternal, so it is my refuge. "These two poems are all sung when they were singing chansons Buddha, so they are also called" Walking Brahma in chansons ". There are also two poems by Yun Hebai, and Nirvana has been published. One is "How can the cloud live long, and King Kong is not bad?"? "? What is the reason? ”； The second is "What is the cloud doing here? What is it doing there? " ? I hope that the Buddha will reveal a little secret and be widely told by all living beings. "Living in the world" published Beyond the Sun and Bright Quiet, that is, "the world is like vanity, like lotus, without water; The heart is pure, in addition, the ceremony is the highest. "Among them," Cloud is white "and" Life is white "are still very popular in monasteries in the Yuan Dynasty (see the ceremony of" Misha Dedu "in Volume 5 of" Xiubai Zhang Qing Rules "). But recently, when they give lectures, they all sing "Bell" and "Echo" instead of the above two praises.

Generally speaking, the praises sung by later generations in recitation and wishing delay are six praises and eight praises. Six-sentence praise is a kind of praise popular in North and South China, and its praise consists of 29 words, so it is called six-sentence praise. His masterpieces include Burning Incense at First sight and chansons, and other praises to Buddha, Bodhisattva, Wei Tuo and Galand are also six-sentence, so ode rhyme is the most popular. Six-character ode is more than singing at the beginning of the ceremony, aiming at inviting the buddhas. Eight sentences of praise, also known as great praise, are generally composed of eight sentences. Representative works include Three Treasures of Praise, Tommy Buddha Praise, Pharmacist Buddha Praise and so on. The eight words of praise are more than those sung after singing or in the middle of the ceremony. Modern Buddhist temples often sing famous hymns such as "Four Wishes for Life" and "Eight Praises" in peaceful days. When singing, you usually only use the keyboard to record music, and you can sing with a clank, hafnium, etc. Volume, pitch and melody are all dictated randomly.

In 230 AD, Cao Zhi climbed the Yushan Mountain and heard that there was Sanskrit singing in the cave, so he planned to write a tune and fill in the lyrics according to the classic content of Prince Ruiying. Since then, people have called "Fish Mountain" the first white. 1June, 99619th, the original "China Yushan Visiting Group" came to Dong 'e County, Shandong Province, paid a visit to the tomb of Cao Zhi, the founder of Chinese Buddhist music, and showed and performed the Buddhist music Bai Yushan created by Cao Zhi in Yushan. 1200 years ago, during the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, Konghai (774-835), the founder of Japanese Shintoism, and Rencijue, the master of Tiantai Sect, came to China to seek dharma respectively, and invited Bai Yushan to Japan, which has been widely circulated to this day. Fish mountain white, called "Xuan" in Japan, is one of the five major civilizations of Buddhism; That Brahma is the "original sound" of the statement. The Japanese Buddhist community has never forgotten its roots. Bai Fan's disciples in Yushan organized a friendly delegation to worship their ancestors in Yushan, China. It fully expresses the Japanese people's deep friendship with the people of China. Through Master Yuan Rencijue's Fish Mountain Manifesto (translated by Cao Zhi according to the legend) and the oral and audio-visual materials of Japanese Dojo masters, Master Wu Yong of Bai Fan Temple has exchanged and participated in the study with his disciple Jiang Meng (83 years old) and disciple Zheng Ming for many years. It is found that due to the rise and fall of Buddhism, the division of Buddhist sects and the practice of Buddhism, the original Fish Mountain Bai Fan was scattered in various Buddhist activities in China. With the efforts of famous musicians and Professor Yuan, after careful searching and collection by masters, most of Yushan is still alive. The perfect combination of the original "five tones, five elements and five qi" in Yushan Bai Fan and the traditional "one board and three eyes" in China restored the basic appearance of Yushan Bai Fan. It is not only inherited by regression, but also gives a new direction for promotion. I believe that with the care and efforts of all walks of life, Bai Fan will regain its glory in the near future.

1777 years ago today, on September 8, 2007, Master Wu Yong, the abbot of Bai Fan Temple, welcomed more than 5,000 people from Buddhist circles at home and abroad, academic experts and artists, and made suggestions. China Fish Mountain Bai Fan Festival is unprecedented.

Jade Mountain Bai Fan Temple Stone Master Praise:

Zhi Gong Wang of Dong 'e was born in Cao Wei's palace. Clouds are high and light, and fish mountains meet the sky.

Ruiying should delete the rules, and the seven-step poem is eight fights. A peaceful world is the same, and the source of Bai Fan is a true sect.