What is the city that belongs to the place where the Maritime Silk Road passes?

Quanzhou has 22 World Heritage Sites,

"Fujian" has a panoramic view of 22 sites in Quanzhou: the world maritime trade center in China during the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

Quanzhou: China's World Ocean Trade Center in Song and Yuan Dynasties.

Quanzhou, an ancient city, was once the commercial center of world shipping in China during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. 202 1, Quanzhou: The World Ocean Commercial Center in China in the Song and Yuan Dynasties was successfully applied for the World Heritage and became the 56th World Heritage in China. This heritage includes 22 sites, including ancient temples, bridges, pagodas, administrative institutions, docks, iron smelting and porcelain kiln sites in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. These sites are powerful testimony to the prosperity of Quanzhou's maritime trade during the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

UNESCO's evaluation of this heritage is as follows: The ruins reflect Quanzhou's vitality as a world maritime commercial center in the Song and Yuan Dynasties (10-14th century) and its close relationship with China. Quanzhou is booming in this important period of Asian maritime trade. Heritage sites include many religious buildings, such as the Jing Qing Temple (one of the earliest Islamic buildings in China) built in the 1 1 century, the Islamic Holy Tomb, and a large number of archaeological sites, such as administrative buildings, stone piers with important commercial and defensive significance, porcelain-making and iron-smelting production sites, urban transportation network elements, ancient bridges, pagodas and inscriptions. Quanzhou was called Erythrina in the Arabic and western literature of10-14th century. The site also includes a temple in the Yuan Dynasty that partially preserved its original appearance, and the only remaining Mani stone statue in the world. Mani, the founder of Manichaeism (Zoroastrianism), was introduced to China in the 6th-7th century.

1, Laojunyan statue

Laojun rock statue is a sitting statue of Taoist Laozi, which was carved from natural rocks in Song Dynasty. It is dignified and kind, with several wrinkles on its forehead, baldness, flat eyes, prominent nose, enlarged ears and a long beard under its jaw. Wearing a gown, the pleats are clear and soft, the boots are bent, and the hands are flat on the knees. The statue is 5. 1 m high, beautifully carved and kind-hearted. It is the largest stone carving of Laozi in China.

2. City Bos website

Quanzhou Bosi site is located in the northwest of Nanxunmen (Watergate) site in Shuimen Lane, Licheng District, west to Narcissus Palace, east to Sanyi Temple and north to Hongcuo Mountain in Banma Lane. Quanzhou Port flourished in Tang Dynasty, Song and Yuan Dynasties and declined in the middle of Ming Dynasty. In the second year of Yuan You in the Northern Song Dynasty (1087), the imperial court established the Fujian shipping company Yu Quanzhou, and moved to Fuzhou in the eighth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1472). During the 400 years here, Fujian Shipping Company managed the overseas trade and related affairs of Quanzhou Port.

3. Dejimen Site

In the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1230), the county magistrate You Jiugong built a post city in Quanzhou, and the south gate of Quanzhou Town was covered with stone cities along the river. The city base is 8 feet wide and 438 feet long. In the 12th year of Yuan Dynasty (1352), the south gate of Luocheng Town was set up in Jian County, which was built on Yicheng. There are stones inside and outside, and the south gate says "Deji". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the city was renovated many times. In 1930s, Quanzhou Municipal Bureau demolished the city many times, but Dejimen remained until 1948 was destroyed by fire and the site was buried underground. At present, the Dejimen site has been excavated by archaeology, and the location of the ancient city gate is staggered from the gate of Tianhou Palace, which is in line with the custom of "the door can't face the small door" in southern Fujian. The site covers a total area of about 2500 square meters and is divided into two parts: the city gate, the city wall, the base address of the city wall and the base address of the moon gate. The structure is complete and the momentum is magnificent. Also excavated moat and bridge ruins.

Tianhou Palace is located in Licheng District, Quanzhou. Founded in the second year of Song Qingyuan (1 196), it was originally named "Shunji Temple". In the fifth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1407), Zheng He asked someone to rebuild Shunji Temple. In the 13th year of Yongle (14 15), it was rebuilt again and renamed "Tianfei Palace". I felt sorry for Mazu in the 24th year of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1685).

Taiwan Province Province was captured by Qing soldiers, and the temple was named "Tianhou Palace". The existing buildings in Tianhou Palace include the main hall, the sleeping hall and other Ming and Qing buildings, as well as some components of the Song Dynasty. Shanmen is the Lingxuemen relocated in Jinjiang County.

5. Zhenwu Temple in Quanzhou

Zhenwu Temple, located in Fengze District, Quanzhou, is commonly known as Jingu. Built in the Song Dynasty, it was rebuilt in the 22nd year of Qing Daoguang (1842) and dedicated to Zhenwu Emperor. The temple is built on the mountain and sits east to west. The main building is composed of Zhenwutang, quadrangle pavilion and mountain gate, which retains the architectural style of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Zhenwutang has five rooms wide and deep, each of which is a bucket-type wooden frame, resting on the top of the mountain with a single eaves, and there are cloisters in the front, back, left and right.

6. Nanwai Zong Zheng Site

Nanwai Zong Zheng Site is located in the southwest of Suqingmen, which is the south of Kaiyuan Temple. It is the management organization of the Royal Group in Song Dynasty that moved its capital to Quanzhou from 1 130. This group is one of the influential components of Quanzhou's diversified communities. They not only improved Quanzhou's consumption power, but also actively participated in maritime trade. The establishment of Nanwai Zong Zheng Company further strengthened the promotion of state power to Quanzhou's maritime trade, which reflected a strong official management guarantee.

7. Quanzhou Wenfu Temple

Quanzhou Confucian Temple, located in Licheng District, was founded in the late Tang Dynasty and Kaiyuan years. Confucius Temple was built in the early years of Taiping and Xingguo in the Northern Song Dynasty, and in the seventh year of Taiping and Xingguo (982), it was built as a national study, and then moved to other places. In the third year of Daguan in Northern Song Dynasty (1 109) and Shaoxing in Southern Song Dynasty (1 138), the main preserved buildings are Chi Pan, Dacheng Hall and Mingluntang Courtyard, Zhuangjichang Hall, Caiqing Hall and Li Tingji Hall. The building scale is huge, and it is a Confucius Temple complex that integrates the architectural forms of Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. With a long history, complete regulations, grand momentum and rich cultural connotations, it is the largest and most complete existing Confucian temple complex in Fujian. Among them, Dacheng Hall is an Amin dynasty building, with 7 rooms 35.3 meters wide and 5 rooms 22.7 meters deep. It is a wooden structure with bucket arch and girder, and the front is supported by 48 white stone columns and 8 embossed panlong eaves columns. Its style is simple and rich in Song Feng.

8. Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou

Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou is located in West Street, Licheng District. It is an important cultural relic along the southeast coast of China and the largest Buddhist temple in Fujian Province. Kaiyuan Temple was built in the second year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 686). Daxiong Hall, also known as Ziyun Hall, is the main building of Kaiyuan Temple. Founded in the second year of the Tang Dynasty (AD 686), it experienced disasters and reconstruction in the Tang, Southern Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. The existing building is a relic of the tenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1637). The main hall is nine rooms wide and six rooms deep, with a building area of 1338 square meters. It is located on the top of the mountain with double eaves and a height of 20 meters. The statue of Five Dhyani Buddhas enshrined in the temple is solemn and solemn, which is a rare tantric system in the Han Dynasty. The horizontal plaque under the double eaves is engraved with the word "Sanglian Dharma Boundary". The main hall is composed of reduction columns, with 86 large begonia-style stone pillars supporting the beam-type wooden frame, which is called "Baizhu Hall". There are 76 bucket arches in the temple, which are distributed on the outer circumference and the front trough. Among them, there are two patches between Ming, Ji and Jian, and there is only one patch between them. There are 24 statues of "Flying Musicians" carved on the barrel, which are beautifully carved. 72 sphinxes on the platform in front of the temple are embossed in bluestone. On the east and west sides of the worship pavilion in front of the Ursa Major Hall, there are two stone pagodas in the Song Dynasty-Zhenguo Pagoda and Renshou Pagoda, commonly known as Dongxi Pagoda.

9. Jiuri Mountain Qifeng Stone Carvings

Jiuri Mountain Cliff Stone Carving is located on the Jiuri Mountain. Among them, the stone carving of praying for the wind in the Song Dynasty reflects the historical fact that the seagoing ships going to and from Quanzhou Port at that time were engaged in overseas trade and transportation by means of periodic alternating monsoon, which is particularly precious. The stone carving is more than 80 meters high, with three peaks (three groups) in the east, west and north. There are 75 cliff carvings from the 3rd year of Song Gande (963) to the 32nd year of Qing Qianlong (1767) on the cliffs of East and West Peak, of which 59 are * * * *. In addition, there are 6 yuan Engraving, 9 Ming Engraving, 1 Qing Engraving, and the number of people retained is 250. Cai Xiang, Su Caiweng, Su Shen and Yu were famous in the Song Dynasty. The contents include scenic spots 15 Square, Dengshi 1 1 Square, Sightseeing Square 29, Architectural Chronicle Square 7 and Qifeng 13 Square. The Stone Carving for the Wind records that from the third year of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 104) to the second year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1266), Quanzhou officially held a sailing ceremony to pray for the wind. The ceremony was presided over by Quanzhou county magistrate or city ambassador and led by his family. Worship the sea god and the far king, and visit the victory afterwards and cherish the memory of the stone.

10, Jing Qing Temple

Jing Qing Temple, formerly known as Shengyou Temple, also known as Isuhab Grand Mosque, was founded in the second year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1009). Jing Qing Temple, together with Xianhe Temple in Yangzhou, Huaisheng Temple in Guangzhou and phoenix temple in Hangzhou, are called the four ancient Islamic temples in China. Jing Qing Temple covers an area of 265,438+084 square meters, and is made of stone as a whole. Imitating the Islamic chapel in Damascus, Syria, it has the characteristics of large dispersion and small concentration of Islamic mosques in functional space. The main buildings preserved are the gatehouse, the worship hall and the Mingshan Hall.

1 1, Holy Tomb of Islam

The holy tomb of Islam is recorded as the four holy tombs of Muhammad who came to China to preach during the Wude period of the Tang Dynasty (6 18-626). The Holy Tomb of Islam is the oldest and most complete Islamic relic in China. There are two existing tombs side by side, the tomb cover is carved with granite, and there is a horseshoe-shaped cloister behind the tomb, which has typical architectural characteristics of the Tang Dynasty. There is a pavilion in the middle of the cemetery. There are two rectangular granite tombs in the pavilion. Lotus petals are engraved on the base of the tombs, which is simple and simple, setting off the noble character of the two sages. Behind the tomb is a half-moon corridor surrounding the tomb, which is said to symbolize the purity of Islam as the first month. In the middle of the cloister, the Arabic inscription carved on the grassy stone records the journey of a group of Arab Muslims who traveled across the ocean to Quanzhou from the Yuan Dynasty to the third year of Zhizhi (1323) to restore the tomb of the sage. There is also the memorial tablet of Zheng He, the eunuch who went to the West in the Ming Dynasty. 14 17, Zheng He made a special trip to Quanzhou to pay his respects before his fifth voyage to Mecca. This is the memorial tablet of Pu Rihe, a local official in Quanzhou.

12, Light Buddha statue in the temple

Cao An Temple was built on a high platform with huge stones as the wall. On the natural stone of the main wall of the temple, a circular Buddha statue, including the statue of Mani Light Buddha, is carved on 1339. Light Buddha height1.52m, width 0.83m.. Its stone is white granite, the Buddha's face is green, his hands are pink, and his clothes are gray, which is simply made in heaven. The Buddha has a long hair shawl, a curved face, big ears, drooping shoulders and two long beards hanging down from his chin. Wearing a dress with wide sleeves, no buttons, bow hanging like a butterfly, hands crossed on legs, palms up. The background of the statue is carved with a linear Buddha light, which is called "Mani Light Buddha" internationally.

13, kiln site of magnetic stove (Jinjiaoshan kiln site)

Cizaoyao Site is located in cizao town, Jinjiang City, an ancient town in the south of Quanzhou, Fujian Province. It is an important export kiln mouth of Quanzhou ceramics in Song and Yuan Dynasties. It was discovered by 1956. A large number of porcelain and kiln furniture were unearthed in various kiln sites. The kiln sites are mostly distributed on both sides of Meixi, with 26 sites. The kiln sites are mostly distributed on the banks of Meixi River, including Southern Dynasties 1, Tang and Five Dynasties 6, Song and Yuan Dynasties 12 and Qing Dynasty 7. The most representative Jinjiaoshan kiln site dates back to the Five Dynasties to the Southern Song Dynasty, and there are many kinds of celadon and black discs unearthed.

14 Dehua kiln site (Qudou Palace ancient kiln site)

Dehua kiln, located in Dehua County and Nan 'an County, Fujian Province, has found more than 200 kiln sites, mainly including Qudou Palace ancient kiln site, Longxun kiln site group, Gaide kiln site group, Xunzhong kiln site group and Dehua County third-class kiln site group. It was built and burned in the Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty mainly produced white porcelain, the Southern Song Dynasty mainly produced blue glazed porcelain, the Yuan Dynasty mainly produced white glazed porcelain, and the Ming Dynasty was famous for producing "ivory white" and low aluminum and high silicon white porcelain. It is one of the most exported porcelain kilns in China.

Anxi Qingyang Xiacaopu Iron Smelter 15

Xiacaopu Iron Smelting Site is one of the full-time iron yards formally established in Song Dynasty, and it is an important iron smelting site in Quanzhou and even Fujian. Products are transported to Quanzhou Port through Xixi, a tributary of Jinjiang. Xiacaopu site covers an area of about 1 10,000 square meters, with iron smelting relics, furnace bottom, furnace wall, iron smelting slag and other relics. Some explorers have exposed the corrosion hardening layer formed by slag, carbon chips, clay and stones, and it can be determined that Xiacaopu site is an iron smelting site in Song and Yuan Dynasties. At present, many ancient mine cave remains and two charcoal burning remains have been found in 10. The discovery of Xiacaopu iron smelting site in Qingyang, Anxi, proves the historical development of Quanzhou iron smelting, reflects the economic prosperity of Quanzhou in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and provides an important physical basis for studying the ancient Quanzhou (Erythrina) monuments.

Luoyang Bridge 16

Luoyang Bridge was built by Cai Xiang, the magistrate of Quanzhou in the 5th year of Song You (1053). It is 834m long and 7m wide, with 46 piers and a clear distance of 8m. The slab on the bridge deck is 1 1 m long, 1 m wide and 0.8 m thick, with 6 or 7 slabs on it, and there are two circular carved generals at the north and south ends of the bridge. There are five stone pagodas beside the bridge, two pavilions on both sides of the bridge center, 500 pillars on both sides of the bridge, nine stone pagodas and seven stone pavilions on the bridge. The bridge adopts two pioneering works: raft foundation and oyster solid foundation method, which makes the ancient bridge intact after the turmoil in the river and the sea.

Anping Bridge 17

Anping Bridge, also known as Wuliqiao, is located in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, China, connecting Jinjiang City and Nan 'an City.

Bridge A is the longest medieval beam stone bridge in the world, and also the longest existing harbor stone bridge in China. It is a masterpiece of ancient bridge architecture and enjoys the reputation of "the longest bridge in the world". Anping Bridge was founded in the eighth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 138), and was completed and put into use in the 22nd year of Shaoxing (1 152). It was rebuilt many times in Ming and Qing dynasties. Anping Bridge is 2070 meters long. The pier of Anping Bridge is composed of criss-crossing granite strips. There are three different forms: rectangle, unilateral boat and bilateral boat. The unilateral boat is pointed at one end and square at the other end, and is located in a relatively slow harbor. Double-sided boat pier, with pointed ends, is convenient for drainage, and is located in the main port with relatively rapid and wide water flow. There is a rest pavilion on the bridge, with Shui Xin Pavilion at the east end and Chao Hai Temple at the west end. Around Zhongting, there are monuments to bridge building in past dynasties. The general guarding the bridge stands in front of the pavilion, wearing armor and holding a sword, and the carving image is magnificent, which is the art of stone carving in Song Dynasty. Among the three pavilions, there are two rain pavilions; There are stone guardrails on both sides of the bridge deck, and the images of lions and toads are carved on the top of the column; There are symmetrical square stone towers and circular towers in the water on both sides of the bridge. There is a white tower at the entrance of the bridge, which is hexagonal and hollow in plane.

18, Shunji Bridge Site

Shunji bridge is located in Jinjiang River, Licheng District, Quanzhou City. It was built in Jiading four years in the Southern Song Dynasty (12 1 1), with a length of 500 meters and a width of 4.6 meters. Shunji bridge is a large-scale cultural relic site of Quanzhou ancient city, which is the epitome of Quanzhou's urban construction history. 1932, Chen Guohui, a local warlord, paid money to call it a day and changed the Liang Shi Bridge into a four-beam reinforced concrete continuous beam bridge with variable cross section. All the original stone slabs were removed, and the ancient bridge was unrecognizable.

Jiangkou Wharf 19 (Wenxingdu Site)

Jiangkou Wharf is located in Fashi Community, Fengze District, Quanzhou City, and consists of Wenxing Wharf and Meishan Wharf. begin

Founded in the Southern Song Dynasty, it has been an important part of Quanzhou's overseas trade since the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Dock.

Wenxingdu runs from north to south, extending from the river bank to the river surface from top to bottom. There is a dock on the shore.

The construction of Baoyu India Tower in Song Dynasty is quite distinctive.

20. Shihu Wharf (Linyi Ferry)

Shihu Wharf (Linluandu) consists of Tongji trestle and natural reef wharf. During the first year of the Tang Dynasty (7 13-74 1), Lin Luan, a maritime merchant, dug stone steps and anchor holes on the slope near the sea and skillfully used natural reefs to build docks. Fu Fu, an official in the Northern Song Dynasty, built Tongji trestle. It is in the shape of a curved ruler, running north and south, with a total length of113.50m, a curved body length of 70m, a width of 2.20m and a height of 2.4 1 m.. It is made up of granite strips along the coast. Scientific structure and durability are the treasures of early pier construction. It was an important offshore dock for the trade and coastal defense of Erythrina Port in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and it has been used since its establishment.

2 1, Liu Shengta

Liu Shengta is located on Chai Jin Mountain in Shihu Village, Hanjiang Town, shishi city, facing Jinjiang Waterway and facing Wanshou Pagoda. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, merchant ships traveling to and from Quanzhou Port have regarded it as a navigation mark. Zheng He was founded in the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (11), destroyed by the Yuan army in the second year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1277), rebuilt in the twenty-second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1285), and (later) in the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1. Octagonal five-step wooden pavilion stone tower with a total height of 36.06 meters. The tower seat is a double-layer sumeru, and each octagon is engraved with a lux. There are four doors and niches on each floor of the tower, and statues of King Kong and Bodhisattva float. There is a big column at the corner, with a lotus bucket on it, and birds are embossed on both sides, and the patches are paved and double-picked; There is a small sitting Buddha at each end of the tower roof. The tower body is built with a stone octagonal tower core column with an octagonal well at the upper end.

22. Baogai Mountain Wanshou Pagoda

Wanshou Pagoda is located in Baogai Mountain in shishi city, also known as "Gusao Tower" and "Guansuo Pagoda". It was built in Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty and has a history of more than 800 years. Gusao Tower, backed by Quanzhou Bay and facing the Taiwan Province Strait, is also called "Guansuota" because of its momentum of chain mail and guarding the southeast. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Quanzhou Port was one of the largest trading ports in the world, and its foreign trade was very prosperous, with business contacts with more than 70 countries and regions. At that time, Gusao Tower became a navigation mark for maritime navigation.