There are two opinions in the history books about the exclusive time of Jishi Shu to imperial academy in the Ming Dynasty: one is "Ming history? "Election II" said, "Jishi Shu's choice, since Hongwu is easy to be ugly, chose Jinshi for it, and did not exclude Hanlin. In the second year of Yongle, Ceng Zhuo, Zhou and other three officials awarded one Jia, the second best scholar Yang and other 50 people, and the good scholar Yang 10 people, all of whom were the Hanlin Academy, so they were the only academicians. " "Ming history? Cheng Zuji's "Two Years of Yongle" Officer II? The same is true of the Hanlin Academy. Secondly, Wang Qi's General Examination of Continued Documents, Hanlin Collection, Diange Linz Collection and Linz allusions all call "Jishi Shu ends in Hanlin" the early years of orthodoxy. Wang Tianyou, a professor in Peking University, also holds this view in the book Research on State Institutions in the Ming Dynasty (Peking University Press, 1992), and is the author of Ming History? "The evidence comes from the historical materials in the Biography of Liao Zhuang. According to this biography: "Liao Zhuang, the word Anzhi, is from Jishui. Xuande was a scholar for five years. Eight years in Jishi Shu, and the magistrate Kong Youliang and other seven people through six subjects. Press: "Continuing Examination" says that the cover has also changed. The process of selecting Jishi Shu and others in this year is recorded in detail in Shi Minglu, which can be seen in the appendix below, but it is not recorded. According to the Records of Emperor Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty (Volume 107), Liao Zhuang was accompanied by Kong Youliang, Hu Duanzhen, Liao Zhuang, Song Lian, Xu, and Lou Yi, a scholar. Among them, Hu, Liao and Song changed. According to the biographies of the three men, Liao Zhuang's biographies can be found in "Today's Offering for Legacy" and "Offering for Signing", in which the choice of Jishi Shu is very simple. The epitaphs of Hu Duanzhen and Song Lian are very detailed here, and the excerpts are as follows: Continuation of Yang Shiqi Dongli, Volume 35, Epitaph of Hu Duanzhen's Military Science: Xuande was a scholar for five years. Return first. ..... was sentenced to eight years in prison. More than 60 people came together. Regarding the pro-proposition, under the joint entrance examination of Wen Yuan Pavilion, I drew the best one, got seven people, and finally got together with Yan Zhen and changed to Hanlin Jishi Shu. Next year, Horizo will be in charge. Liu Qiu's Collection of Two Rivers Volume 23 Epitaph of Song Lian is under construction: (Song Lian, a native of Jishui, Jiangxi Province) stayed in Zhejiang, and was awarded the title of Spring Official. Horn learned it from Gui Guang. Later, he was recalled to Beijing to discuss the strategy of ci fu, ranking first, and changed to Hanlin, where he was given an engineering job. Both epitaphs say "Hanlin Jishi Shu". Yang Shiqi, the author of Examination and Selection of Various People at that time, seems to be telling no lies. If taboo, it can also show that the people who were elected to imperial academy, Jishi Shu at that time were authentic, while those who entered six subjects were "different." According to The Old Copy of the Year of the Huai Dynasty, Xuande regretted his ugliness in winter, ordered the official department to select 68 foreign writers, and asked the cabinet to try out the imperial court, and selected seven people, including Kong Youliang, a magistrate, and Liao Zhuang, a scholar, to be transferred to Jishi Shu and handle six subjects. At that time, 28 scholars from three disciplines were selected to study the Wen Yuan Pavilion together with Ma Yu, Zhang Yi. Jishi Shu is divided into two categories: Hanlin and Liu Ke, but this is only the year. It can also be seen that it is the choice of Nianhu, Liao and others, and it is really an extraordinary choice. On this basis, it is negotiable to cut off the exclusive Hanlin Academy in Jishi Shu. Appendix: Selected Materials of Jishi Shu Volume 172 (March 18th, Hongwu) was compiled by imperial academy, with the first scholar and Ding Xian as editors, the second scholar as editors, revisers, Li Zhen as Cheng Yilang and Chen Guang as calligraphers. Third, Wei Fuji-shan, Tan Fufeng's Ci-politics, Li Ke, Cheng, Mr. Scheeren, and Zou, imperial academy's assistant, were the scholars who were ordered at the critical moment. Say the name. Its scholars take good manners as preferential treatment, so that they can lead their own affairs in various departments, give them Mi Lu, and once they master the political system, they will be dismissed. Those who live near the yamen, such as imperial academy, adopt the meaning of "ordinary scholars" in the Book of Songs, and they are all called Jishi Shu. Those who work in six departments are still called Jinshi. "Records of Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty", Volume 29 (March of Yongle II), played by the official department: awarded to officials such as Jinshi Zengbai. The Biography of the First Jia Zengzhuo was edited by imperial academy, while Zhou Shu and Zhou Gaijian were both edited. Yang, who still won the second prize in the literature prize, is equal to 50 people and studious 18 people, all of whom are from imperial academy, so he can still go to school. Twenty people, such as the third party, are pedestrians, and the rest are in charge of politics. "A Record of Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty" Volume 38 (Renzi in the first month of the third year of Yongle) First of all, Jie Jin, a bachelor of imperial academy and a university student of You Chunfang, was ordered to select Yingmin among the new Jinshi and let Wenyuange enter his studies. So ... twenty-eight people came to see it, and the imperial edict encouraged ... when Jishi Shu Zhou Chen was young, he was willing to go to school, and he said, "People with aspirations are also there. "Life increased to 29 people. So Li Si was ordered to give pen, ink and paper on a monthly basis, Guanglu sent meals to the people in the morning and evening, Leeb gave three people who put on candles and banknotes on a monthly basis, and the Ministry of Industry chose the nearest house to live in. " A Record of Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty (March of the 10th year of Yongle) was written by the first scholar, Ma Duo, and edited by Linzhi and Wang Yu. Xu Jun, He Xian, Huang Shang, Luo Xing, Blair, Liu Zhuo, Hu Rang, Shao Shao, Mi Fei, Fang Fu and other original translations of Ji's Book are still transferred to the Hanlin Academy. Two or three places were buried and transferred to the Douchayuan of the Ministry of Justice for punishment. "A Record of Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty" (Ren Xu in the 19th year of Yongle), the first scholar was once edited by imperial academy, and Liu Ju and Pei Lun were edited. The second and third translation, Shu Wei, Chen Rong, Liang Wen, Yao Ben, Zhang Shu, Wan Shuo, Huang Zhu, Ding Yang, Wang Lian, Sydney, Wu Dequan, Zhu Zifu, Wang Zhen, Jiang Qian, Wei Zhao, etc. , are Jishi Shu, transferred to the academician courtyard, Yu Shi ordered to study in his hometown for later use. "A Record of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty" Volume 26 (Xin Chou in March of the second year of Xuande), edited by Ma, the first scholar of the Academician Academy, edited by Du Ning and Xie Lian; The second and third scholar Jiang Yulin and other 96 people were ordered to return to school; Xing Gong is from imperial academy. He first studied Siyi's translation in imperial academy for a long time, so he was appointed. Records of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty (March 5th, Xuande) once made university students Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong and Jin Youzi say, "I have learned little for many years, and no one is interested in the ancients. I want to follow the example of the emperor's ancestors, and choose a dozen outstanding people to educate them in imperial academy, so that they can study hard and write articles for future use. Young people can observe his people and choose the best of his words to smell. So, Shi Qi and others chose Sacchi, Yunyun, Xiye, Chen Ji, Lin Bu, Wang Zhen, Xu Nanjie, Jiang Yuan and other eight people to listen. At the end of the 100th volume of A Record of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty (March, the eighth year of Xuande), Cao Nai and others went to the grave to give thanks. When he arrived at Zuoshunmen, he called Yang Shiqi and the two boys. The minister said, "There are young and beautiful people among the Jinshi and Juren to take the exam this year. You and others selected 30 people and let them enter the school. " "A Record of Xuanzong in Ming Taizu" (March 5, Xuande 8) ordered me to promote my career in the official department and send them to the academician courtyard to learn from Saatchi. Give residence, wine, lamp oil and money, like Yongle. Wang Zhi, a bachelor student, is still instructed to supervise him. On March 1 day, he checked his wording in order to observe what he was doing. A juren was given a salary, and imperial academy was sent to school, waiting for the next exam. On March 1st, the academician courtyard took an examination of his thesis, which was the same as that of Jishi Shu. The Record of Xuanzong of Ming Dynasty was published in November of the eighth year of Xuande (107), and the ministers Zhou Yi, Guo Zhuo, Guo Zhuo and others were ordered to choose former scholars. The literary talents were Xu Zhuo, Lai Shilong, Wu Jie, Jiang Hong, Pan. Life in Jishi Shu, to scatter disambiguation is equal to the academician into the school, for example. Wang Zhi, a bachelor, was still ordered to direct the supervision training, and the assessment was conducted at Qirong, so as to achieve practical results. A Record of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty (November, the eighth year of Xuande) was written by Guo Zhuo, a big official. He said: "there must be people abroad who want literature, and I want to use it." Since I chose it for myself. Tomorrow Zhuo will lead 60 people into the show, and Xiao Fu will give it a try. "。 Choose Kong Youliang, Hu Duanzhen, Liao Zhuang, Song Lian, Xu and Lou Yi as staff sergeant and listen to their words. Make the official department improve the status of Jishi Shu, and make a backup with the magistrate of a county and the Oracle 6 (branch). A Record of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty (August, 9th year of Xuande) was written by Gui You and ordered to compile Ma Yu, Chen Xun, Lin Zhen, Cao Fu, Wen Lin, Gong Yi, Zhong You, Zhao Hui, Zhang Yitong, Jishi Shu Saqi, He Huan, Jian Li and Dali Temple. First of all, ordering the swordsmen to scatter weapons in imperial academy is tantamount to writing into its literature, and I am glad to invite Zuo Shunmen to try it. There is a difference between giving and receiving. Wang Zhi, a young James and bachelor, gave 1000 yuan. "A Record of Ming Yingzong" Volume 15 (March of the first year of orthodoxy), Wu Yin, the first scholar in imperial academy; , edited by Wei Liu; Hold a banquet in our hospital to entertain sheep. Jian, Yu Tuan, Yi Kan, Li Zhen, Grace Wai Wong, Xu Jue, Gu Yong and He were selected to study in our college. Bachelor's Wang Zhi, Bachelor's Wang Ying and Bachelor's Wang Ying were ordered to teach literature, and the rest went to various governments to observe political affairs.
The Hanlin Academy was founded in the Tang Dynasty. It was originally established for people with artistic talent, but since Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, it has evolved into an important institution specializing in drafting secret letters. The person who works in the academy is called Hanlin Bachelor. There are two kinds of Hanlin, one is Hanlin Festival, and the other is Hanlin Bachelor. Bachelor of Hanlin is responsible for drafting imperial edicts, but Hanlin sacrifice is not necessary. Hanlin is an official, not a person. The official positions of the Hanlin Academy, such as attendance bachelor, attendance bachelor, reading, teaching, editing, editing, proofreading, and cultivating scholars, are collectively called Hanlin. The functions of Hanlin in past dynasties were different. When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty began to select and fill civil servants, he specially drafted imperial edicts (such as drafting the appointment and removal of prime ministers, announcing conquering orders, etc.). After Dezong, the Hanlin bachelor further became a close adviser and secretary of the emperor. Often living in the imperial palace and participating in maintenance is called "inner phase". In the late Tang dynasty, he was often promoted to prime minister with a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the Hanlin bachelor was still in charge of the imperial edict. In the Ming Dynasty, he was the head of imperial academy, in charge of Korean, and served as an adviser to the emperor. In the Qing Dynasty, the bachelor of Hanlin was abolished, but the minister was accused of being a bachelor of Hanlin Academy. There are Shi Bachelor and Shi Bachelor. Shi Bachelor is a senior official position in the academy, which is different from Hanlin Bachelor in Tang and Song Dynasties. In the late Qing Dynasty, he resumed his bachelor's degree in imperial academy, ranking above the bachelor's degree in attendance. Hanlin academy-official signature. The Tang dynasty began to be established. When Xuanzong was in power, he used literati to prepare a letter for Hanlin and write accurate words. At the end of kaiyuan, there was another "bachelor's college", and the servant was called Hanlin bachelor, who was the emperor's adviser. In Song Dynasty, Hanlin Academy was established to draft imperial edicts. The official of the Imperial Academy always leads the Fourth Bureau of Astronomy, Painting, Calligraphy and Medicine, and even the Imperial Kitchen, Tea and Wine is also called the Imperial Academy. Liao is located in Nanya. The Yuan Dynasty was called Hanlin National History Institute. In the Ming dynasty, historical books and other affairs were merged into the Hanlin Academy and officially became the official department of foreign dynasties. Imperial academy was established in the Qing Dynasty, responsible for compiling national history, recording the words and deeds of emperors, giving lectures on history and drafting manuscripts related to etiquette. Its chief executive is a bachelor in charge of the college, and the minister is a minister. Its subordinate officials, such as a bachelor's degree, a bachelor's degree, a scholar, editor, editor, and scholar, are collectively called Hanlin. Those who walk in the south study are called Hanlin in the south study, and they are usually held by people from Hanlin background.
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The Hanlin Academy was founded in the Tang Dynasty. It was originally established for people with artistic talent, but since Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, it has evolved into an important institution specializing in drafting secret letters. The person who works in the academy is called Hanlin Bachelor. There are two kinds of Hanlin, one is Hanlin Festival, and the other is Hanlin Bachelor. Bachelor of Hanlin is responsible for drafting imperial edicts, but Hanlin sacrifice is not necessary.