What bridges are there in Quanzhou, what are their characteristics and what are their fairy tales?

Quanzhou Famous Bridge Wan 'an Gudu Luoyang Bridge/Anping Bridge (Wuli Bridge)

Walking on Luoyang Bridge in Hui 'an, Fujian Province seems to be a dialogue with history. As a result, the huge Liang Shi is no longer silent, the pavilions and steles are also vivid, the lotus petals flying on the stone tower and the fuzzy Buddha relief are also spiritual, and even the raft pier is alive, telling stories and legends about the bridge a long time ago in the same ancient language.

The birth of bridges is almost always related to traffic, and Luoyang Bridge is no exception. Many streams in Luoyang River, Hui Jin and Hui cities and mountainous areas pass through the south side of Luoyang Town and rush into the sea with the breath of Shan Ye. Here, "the water is five miles wide and deep", and there are streams on both sides, so ferry is the only mode of transportation, which was called "Wan 'an Ferry" in ancient times. However, the water at the mouth of the sea is rushing. "Every time you cross the tide, you can't get through for a few days. "The two sides had to face upwards sigh.

However, the location of Wan 'an Ferry is very important. Hui 'an in the north is far away from Fuzhou, and Quanzhou in the south is connected with Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Chaozhou, Guangzhou and Quanzhou in the middle of Song Dynasty, which has become a prosperous port, and its commercial economy has a considerable scale, and it has become an inevitable trend to develop into surrounding areas. But Luoyang River is a natural obstacle to its northward movement.

The bridge-building skills in Jin Dynasty were mature, and the Central Plains immigrants brought them to Minnan, which complemented the maturity of stone carving skills here. In addition, the invention and clever use of gunpowder make it not difficult to mine huge rocks, and it is also the general trend to have the right time and place and to build overseas Chinese in Wan 'an.

Luoyang ancient bridge was built in the fifth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1053) and completed in the fourth year of Jiayou (1059), lasting six years and eight months. Its unique regulations and grand project made it the first beam-type sea-crossing bridge in history, even known as the "first bridge on the sea", which moved Wang Zijing to Luoyang River. After that, there was a bridge-building boom in Quanzhou. /kloc-during the 0/50 years, more than 200 bridges were built, with a total length of more than 50 miles, thus winning the reputation of "the bridge in central Fujian is the best in the world" and "the bridge in Quanzhou is the first in central Fujian".

Because of its unique structure and superb skills, Luoyang Bridge, together with the stone arch bridge Zhao Zhouqiao, the porous stone arch bridge Lugou Bridge and the Chuanliang Chaozhou Guangji Bridge, is called the four famous bridges in ancient China.

The ancient bridge is a flat beam with an ancient structure and a north-south trend. The bridge is 834 meters long and 7 meters wide, with 3/kloc-0 piers left. The bridge deck is paved with granite boulders, which are 1 1 m long and nearly 1 m wide. The wisdom of the bridge builder lies in building two sharp boats and rafts according to the tide to separate the water potential. Based on the tidal drop, the foundation laying method and bridge slab floating method of "surging waves to lift boats and hanging cranes to hang strings" were created. After Cai Xiang took over as the overseer, he initiated a new concept of "planting oysters on the foundation". Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, commented in Talking about Bridges: "This foundation is the mat foundation of modern bridges, but it has a history of less than one hundred years abroad. The' floating method' of the bridge used is still very popular today. " Probably the advanced application of modern biological science, cultivating oysters condenses the bridge base and the pier brain into a whole.

At present, a rather tall stone statue of Cai Xiang has been erected at the northern end of Luoyang Bridge, and there is still a calm and modest expression between the eyebrows and beards, which shows the loneliness of moon pool.

Historically, the story of Cai Xiang and Luoyang Bridge has been arranged perfectly, so that later generations also decided that Luoyang Bridge was made by Cai Xiang. A little mistake in history can be forgiven. As the magistrate of Quanzhou, Cai Xiang did his duty and supervised the bridge affairs during his tenure. Although only 23 months, accounting for only a quarter of the whole bridge construction time, his painstaking efforts are well-known. Besides, in the inscription on Wan 'an Bridge written by Cai Xiang himself, he did not brag about his achievements, but simply recorded all the deeds of overseas Chinese, while he wrote the historical facts of bridge builders such as Wang Shi and Yi Bo. It can be seen that Cai Xiang's noble character is honest and upright.

Cai Xiang's actions of "serving the official for the benefit of one party" are reasonable and nothing special, and people's arrangement also reflects the people's call for clean politics. Cai Xiang statue stands tall, looking at his familiar Luoyang Bridge, but never seeing the magnificent bridge-building scene. The respect of later generations also brought him a little loneliness. If the sculpture designed here at that time was the image of a group of ordinary builders moving stones and bridging bridges, it might be more in line with the historical truth and Cai Xiang's original intention.

Another function of Luoyang Bridge is the cultural national emblem it produces. Since the completion of the bridge, various temples, temples, temples and churches related to the bridge have been built one after another, making the architectural culture and art at that time appear smooth and smooth; Numerous articles and poems on bridges have greatly enriched the cultural heritage of this land; Many traditional calligraphy and sculpture have created a meaningful artistic conception, while countless legendary stories and local operas composed of bridges are full of classical romanticism and widely circulated. It is rare that an ancient bridge can cause such a huge cultural sensation in the history of bridge construction.

The weakening of traffic function of Luoyang Bridge is also a sign of the development of the times. Today, the gate of Luojiang Bridge on National Highway 324 runs through the north and south like flowing water. Together with the ancient bridge close at hand, it forms a new scene of "Luojiang Double Rainbow", which exists in ancient and modern times, but it reflects the sun light of our national creation and civilization.