Nanyang River, Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, Nanyang River

Nanyang River originates from Jingtang Village at the foot of Linglong Mountain in the southwest of Qingzhou City. Jingtang Ancient Village was built in Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty for seven years, with a history of more than 600 years. It is located in the southwest of Qingzhou 15 km. There is a clear spring under Shamao Mountain in the southeast of Jingtang Village, which does not dry up all the year round, forming a pool. The villagers built a well from the pond with stones, hence the name of the village. This spring is the source of Nanyang River, and the rainy season can be traced back to the "Dragon King's Nose" in Baiju Valley of Linglong Mountain. Beiyuan originated from Yin Da, Qingzhou City. After the two phases meet, they flow through the foot of Tuo Mountain from south to north and receive mountain spring water all the way. In the north of Loulou Mountain, it flows into an important tributary, Waterfall Creek. After that, it flows to the southwest and northeast, passes through Yongji Bridge outside Daizongmen, the west gate of Nanyang City, Qingzhou, and receives Yangxi, which is composed of the water of Liquan, flows between Nanyang City and Dongyang City, passes through Wannian Bridge, reaches the rolling water bridge, and receives the water from the moat (Lotus Bay) in the east of Nanyang City. This river consists of Black Tiger Spring, Liu Jiaquan, Daquan and Koizumi. Then it flows down through Caojiayuan and Gaojiayuan, forming a bay called "Longwan". Then turn north, flow eastward through Dingjiadian, Caomiao and other villages, turn at Zhang Jiahe Village, and flow southeast. The turning point is the northernmost part of Nanyang River, commonly known as Nanbabangzi, and then flows through five villages: Weijiahe, Cuijiahe, Jijiahe and Lijiahe. Its second largest tributary, the Yin-Yang River, passes through the dam ditch, and then flows into Xiaoguandian Village between Dawu Village and Xiaowu Village. Jiande River (commonly known as Qili River), its largest tributary, is accepted in Shangjiazhuang Village and injected into Mihe River in Dongyang Village.

Nanyang River is upstream from the source to the waterfall inlet, middle from the waterfall inlet to the east moat inlet, and downstream from the waterfall inlet to the Mihe inlet. Nanyang River is an important river in the history of Qingzhou, known as the mother river of Qingzhou people. Li Daoyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty called it "Yang Shui" in Notes on Water Classics, and later called it "Changsha Shui". Its original flow direction is to turn north near Dingjiadian Village, merge with Beiyang River, and flow northward into Judian Lake.

Nanyang River is an ideal place to build a city, because its ravines are deep. Four ancient cities in Qingzhou history were all built by Nanyang River.

In 204 BC, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang sent general Han Xin to defeat Tian Heng, the king of Qi. Qingzhou belongs to the jurisdiction of the Western Han Dynasty and is located in Guangxian County. This is the first city in Qingzhou. Its original site is in Xiaquan Village, Wang Fu Sub-district Office, with Nanyang River in the west, waterfalls and streams in the east and Loulou Mountain in the south. It is about 400 meters long from north to south and 500 meters long from east to west, covering an area of about 200,000 square meters. The site is high and steep, the topsoil is about 1.5 meters thick, and a small amount of Han dynasty pottery is exposed on the ground. However, in the cultural layer below 1.5 m, there are a large number of pottery pieces and bricks of the Han Dynasty, and the cultural layer is about 1 m thick. Under the cultural layer of Han Dynasty, Longshan culture and Dawenkou culture layer are superimposed. In the fifth year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty (365,438+065,438+0), the former ministers sent troops to attack Qingzhou, and Cao Ben was the secretariat of Qingzhou after the city was broken. Due to the serious damage to Guangxian County, Cao Ben built a new town at Shannan 1.5 km in Wang Yao, which was called Guanggu Town in history. "Notes on Water Classics" records: "Shui Yang, west of Guzhen, Tongguang County, is under the jurisdiction of the secretariat of the old Qingzhou". He added, "The secretariat of Qingzhou in the Han Dynasty was often ignored, and Li Zhi's words were wrong." "Tongdian" contains: "The history of the Han Dynasty patrolled the county and township, and there was nothing to do. ZTE has a fixed place of governance. In the old days, I followed the Ministry for several months, recording prisoners and taking exams in temples. " Guangxian site was announced as a key cultural relic protection unit in Qingzhou on 1990.

Guanggu City is located 4 kilometers northwest of Nanyang City, 5 kilometers south of Wang Yao 1.5, with Beiyang River in the west and Nanyang River in the southeast. It is surrounded by a deep valley, which is deep in water. The city site is about 600 meters wide from north to south and 800 meters long from east to west. In terms of area, it should be the inner city of Guanggu City, that is, the small town. "Yuanhe County Records" contains: "There is a wide stream. Because it is considered solid, it is easy to defend and difficult to attack, so it is called lenient and solid. "

Former Zhao appointed Cao Ben as the secretariat of Qingzhou, and after capturing Guang County, he built a new city in front of the mountain. Because of the potential of the land, the stream is a pool with a wide depth, so it is named Guanggu City. The city was built in Yongjia five years (AD 3 1 1). After Cao Ben built Guanggu City, he moved Qingzhou, Qi Jun and Linzi governments to Guanggu City. According to the Records of Yidu County Records and Jinshizhi, there were "three seals" unearthed in history, namely "Sima Seal, Jinan North Chang Seal and Jinbei Tun Sima Seal. According to research, "the above three seals were unearthed in Yi and Du villages". These three villages are Dalong, Xiaolong and Dujiazhuang in the original ordinary town, all located on the west bank of Beiyang River. In addition, in the second national cultural relics survey, the bronze wares of the Jin Dynasty were unearthed in the brick kiln factory near Datun Village, so it was determined to be the former site of Guanggu City.

In the first year of Taining, when Shi Hu was attacked by the post-Zhao Schleswig, there were more than 30,000 soldiers and civilians, all of whom were killed at one time, leaving only 700 men and women. In the third year of Longan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (399), Murong De led 400,000 troops to attack Guanggu City and drove more than 8,000 scholars into Guanggu City to hold on. Murong De killed the commander in chief of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, occupied Guanggu City, established the Southern Yan State, and ascended the throne of the emperor. He developed and built 370,000 infantry and 65,438+0,700 vehicles in Qiang Bing, a rich country. A powerful army of 53,000 soldiers. Therefore, judging from the only remaining 500,000 square meters city site, it is difficult to accommodate so many troops, so it is concluded that the outer city must be much larger than the inner city.

In the sixth year of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (4 10), Liu Yu, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, led his troops to attack Guanggu City in Yannan, and a bloody battle lasted for more than 10 months. Because you can't attack for a long time, you need a good plan. Yuan Wen, a member of Hejian, offered a plan to Emperor Wu of Song: "In the past, Zhao attacked Cao Ben, and the gas keeper thought that Wei River could lead the city, but he could not attack it. If wulongkou is blocked, the city will fall. Shi Hu follows, please surrender. Five days after the fall, heavy rain and lightning shook. After Murong attacked Xiaosheng, he refused to pull it out for ten days, and Xiaosheng surrendered. Not much was poured, but it was shaken open again, and the old traces were still there, so it was built directly. After listening to his words, Yu stopped it, saying that both men and women in the city have soft feet and most patients are sick. Chao Sui fled and was captured by Jin. " After Emperor Wu of Song broke the city, Guanggu City was razed to the ground. Kill more than 3000 people below Xianbei nobles, leaving more than 1 000 women and children, and reward them to the sergeant as a war example. Let Yang Mu be the secretariat of Qingzhou, and Yang Mu will build another new city in Nanyang and Hebei, named Dongyang City.

Dongyang City, Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty for six years (4 10), Southern Yan was destroyed in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Guanggu was established. Yangmuzhi is in the north of Nanyang River and east of Beiyang River, and a new city is built, named Dongyang City. Dongyang City is in the area of today's Beiguan, starting from the small east gate of today's municipal hospital in the east and reaching Daizongmen in the east of Beixiguan in the west, with a total length of 2,500 meters, connecting Nantianmen at the southern end of Guan Jie in Nanyang, Hebei Province in the south, and Dongdian (also known as Wu Qu Gate) outside Cheyuanmen at the northern end of West Street in the north, with a width of about 1000 meters from north to south and a total area. In addition, Zhenqing Gate (Mayimen) is set up in the northwest. Dongyang city was built in Xining for ten years, where Zhoucheng was built, pavilions were built and suspension bridges were set up on the south bank. In the third year of Jian Yan in the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1 129), Jin Bing was trapped in Zhoucheng again, killed his agent Mou Wei and set the city on fire. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Dongyang City, Jin, Yuan and farmers revolted constantly. Due to the continuous improvement of the construction of Nanyang City, after the large-scale construction of Nanyang City in Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty for three years, the ruling center of the state capital moved to Nanyang City, and Dongyang City was gradually abandoned in the Qing Dynasty. In the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1378), Tucheng was restored in the former site of Dongyang City, which was abandoned soon. Only the city gate is left in the northwest, and the residual wall is 20 meters high, 27 meters long and 14 meters wide, which is rammed.

There are two gates in the north wall of Dongyang City, namely, Wu Qu Gate (Cheyuan Gate) in the east and Zhenqing Gate (Ant Gate) in the west. The west wall is equipped with Taishan Gate, and the east wall is equipped with a small east gate. Now only Zhenqing Gate is left, and there are some doorways on the ground, and the walls on both sides of the doorways. This is the official post station of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, where you change trains and horses, so it is also called Mayimen. 1990 was announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Qingzhou city.

Nanyang City, named after the south of Shui Yang, is widely spread because it has some features such as cow head, horn, ear, saliva, eyes, abdomen, umbilical cord, drowning, back and hoof, so it is commonly called "Lying Cow City". Puxi, the first important tributary accepted by Nanyang River, is also a famous cultural river in Qingzhou history, also known as Shixi, which was called Shijingshui in ancient times. Guanggu Town, built in Han Dynasty, is on the west side of Waterfall Creek. There is a waterfall downstream, which is the "stone waterfall ice curtain" among the ten scenic spots in Qingzhou. Originated in the southwest foothills of Qingzhou City, it flows through Huangyu, Zhaizi, Cross, Jia Zhu, Koujiahe Village, Fu Jia, Jiaolou and other places, and joins Nanyang River in Qiyi Reservoir (Nanyang Lake). This is a typical seasonal river. Li Daoyuan, Su Shi, Huang Shu and others all recorded it. Guangxian County in Qingzhou in Han Dynasty and Sanxian Temple in Song Dynasty are located on her riverside.

East moat, where there is a rolling bridge, also called confluence bridge, is now a pedestrian bridge.

Yinyang River, originally the second largest tributary of Nanyang River, is15km long and parallel to Qili River, but it no longer exists. This river originates from the eastern foot of Pagu Mountain and the northern foot of Jiangjun Mountain, flows through Nanying and Xu Qiao, and passes through the Broken Soul Bridge at the intersection of Zhaode Street and Liuxing Street, hence its name. Go through Dongguan, enter Xiaoyangjiazhuang, go through Su Qiao, go through Zhaode Road and turn into Xiaxin Village. In front of the Shui Sheng Temple in the east of the village, it receives the water from five gullies, called Wufeng Chaoyang, commonly known as Fengzui, forming a bay, receiving the water from Mata Spring and Shui Sheng Spring, and continuing to flow northeast. After Mei Wei's former residence, across the village east of Shui Sheng, across Sanfu Bridge (villagers often say that there are three houses in Hebei), at the end of the 20th century, before the reconstruction of Zhaode Road and Xiankelai Road, there was still water in the downstream, and Houhaidai community was built, roads were opened to traffic and rivers were abandoned. There are intermittent rivers in Xiaxin Village and Dongshengshui Village, and the poplars left by Haidai Community are trees along the Yin-Yang River.

Jiande River, the largest tributary of Nanyang River, was called Qili River, Xiayun River and Jiande Water in ancient times. Located in the south of Qingzhou City, Shandong Province, it is the largest tributary of Nanyang River and the second tributary of Mihe River. She originated from the mountain spring at the northern foot of Yuntai Peak, Moqi Mountain in the south of Qingzhou, and is now hidden in the compound of the Party School of Qingzhou Municipal Committee. It flows through Xiangshui Cliff from south to north, passes through the big flower forest group and the small flower forest group at the eastern foot of Yunmen Mountain, turns east via Guojiaqiao, and flows through the canyon between Wochan Mountain and Jiangjun Mountain. This canyon is very long, called Qilijian, and it was accepted as Piquan (the old spring of Yunxiahe River) by Yunxiahe Village. After passing through Yangguqiao and Shangjiazhuang, it joins Nanyang River in the northeast of Shangjiazhuang and flows into Mihe River together, with a total length of about17km. The planning structure of the lower reaches of Nanyang River adopts the form of "one axis and multiple points". That is, from east to west, the cultural features of Qingzhou in various historical periods are displayed in sections, forming beach forest ecological characteristic area, prehistoric totem culture area, ecological scenic forest area, Dongyi cultural characteristic area, ancient "Qingshe" characteristic area, ancient city ruins characteristic area, humanities and nature transition area, inscription culture display area, traditional commercial service area, landscape garden area, ancient city ruins characteristic area, folk culture activity area and "flower" area. Finally, a complete "ecological gallery and historical picture scroll" landscape belt including "Twelve Scenery of Nanyang River" will be formed, and it will become a veritable river with outstanding cultural, commercial, ecological and Qingzhou characteristics.