How is Fuzhou geographically divided?

Fuzhou has been a city for more than 2,000 years. During the roughly 5,000 years of human activity, the ancestors of Fuzhou have left us a large amount of geographical and feng shui heritage. In line with the principle of "reviewing the past and learning the new" Mentality, from the history of Fuzhou’s urban construction, we can get a glimpse of Fuzhou’s past geography and feng shui, which may be helpful for us to choose where to live today.

Fuzhou is located on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. Changes in sea level since the late Pleistocene have had a greater impact on Fuzhou. Therefore, before talking about geography and feng shui, we must talk specifically about Fuzhou’s sea level. 35,000 years ago, the ancient sea level was -50 meters; between 29,000 and 28,000 years ago, the ancient sea level was -110 to -100 meters deep; between 28,000 and 25,000 years ago, the sea level rose to -90 meters; Between 25,000 and 23,500 years ago, the sea level dropped to -100 meters; between 23,000 and 20,500 years ago, the ancient sea level was between -130 and -140 meters; starting from 18,000 years ago, the sea level dropped sharply again, reaching its lowest level 15,000 years ago. point is -150~-160 meters. Most of the continental shelf in the East China Sea is dehydrated and exposed to the sea surface. The mainland extends hundreds of kilometers eastward. Taiwan and the islands of this province are all connected with the mainland. Since 15,000, the sea level has begun to rise. There have been several pauses in the process of rising, forming several levels. Underwater terraces; 14,440 years ago, the sea level rose to -115 meters; 14,000 years ago, it rose to -100 meters; 12,000 years ago, it rose to -50~-60 meters; around 11,300 years ago, it rose to more than -18 meters. The seawater has affected the Minjiang River estuary area. At that time, the Minjiang River valley was 15 to 20 meters lower than it is now.

8000 years ago, the sea level was about -5 meters; between 7000 and 6000 years ago, the sea level reached its current height; between 6000 and 5000 years ago, the sea level rose to its maximum height, which was 3 to 4 meters higher than the current sea level. Fuzhou Basin It became a bay; starting about 2,600 years ago, the sea level gradually dropped to its current position. This marine transgression is called the "Changle Transgression". A silt layer of several meters to more than ten meters thick was deposited in the basin. Many places in the Fuzhou Basin are named after "islands", such as Qianyu, Houyu, Taiyu, Hengyu, Nanyu, Panyu, Guoyu, etc., as well as the shell mound sites in Sugarcane Tanshi Mountain also prove this historical fact.

According to the arguments of archaeologists, from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the early Han Dynasty, the current urban area of ??Fuzhou was still an inland sea and swampland, and Pingshan, Wushan, Yushan, etc. were still islands. The so-called Yushan was the original A branch of Yue State got its name after Yu Yue immigrated here. If we could go back in time, Fuzhou at that time could probably be described as "Fuzhou Bay", just like Meizhou Bay and Luoyuan Bay today. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty (about 770 BC), the Min people were already active in the hills and valleys of central Fuzhou (today's Jixiang Mountain area in Taijiang District). It is a pity that Jixiang Mountain at that time was just a small island in Fuzhou Bay. The area was small and might even be often submerged by the flood peaks of the Min River, so it could not become a settlement for the ancestors.

On the contrary, the northern part of "Fuzhou Bay" and the area around Xindian is a flat, high platform. The terrain here became the first stop for the ancestors to settle down, and also laid the first cornerstone of Fuzhou City. According to research, the ruins of the ancient city built by the ancestors of Fujian and Yue are located from the south side of the ancient city mountain at the foot of Lianhua Peak in Xindian to the north side of Chibian Village. It is sandwiched by Yanxi River by the Bayi Reservoir and Banding River by the Banding Reservoir. Today, The villas relatively close there are Green Lake Villa and the Ancient City Villa on the other side of the reservoir. The ruins of the ancient city are 150 meters away from Fufei Road to the east. From today's point of view, it is at most a copycat type of scale. Of course, it does not produce the popular "copycat machines".

Gucheng Village is located in Xindian Township, a suburb of Fuzhou City, about 5 kilometers away from Fuzhou City. The city is rectangular, 10 degrees south to east, long from north to south and narrow from east to west. The east, west and north walls remain, while the south wall has been leveled. The city is 310 meters wide and about 600 meters long. The identifiable remaining sections of the city wall total 275 meters. The remaining wall is 10.5 meters thick and about 1 meter high. The city wall is made of rammed earth, brown clay and hard. In the early 1950s, part of the city wall was still as high as a person, but it was gradually destroyed for construction of houses and land leveling. When the land was being leveled in the 1970s, local people also unearthed a batch of cloth-patterned tiles.

The locals call the inside of the city wall "the ancient city", the outside of the west city site "outside the ancient city", and the flat land on the southeast side of the city called the "school field". There is a 128.9-meter-high hill more than 200 meters north of the city site, called "Gucheng Mountain". In January 1988, a Han Dynasty checkered hard clay pot was unearthed on the hillside on the side of the ancient city at the southern foot of Gucheng Mountain. The site was listed as a cultural relic protection unit in the suburbs of Fuzhou City in 1986.

The Xindian site has undergone many archaeological excavations since October 1996. Many cultural relics unearthed can prove that this ancient city is the earliest city discovered so far in Fujian Province. This area can be regarded as the leader of Fuzhou's development. In the thirty-fifth year of King Xian of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (334 BC), King Wujiang of Yue (the sixth grandson of Goujian) was defeated by King Wei of Chu, and the country of Yue collapsed. His descendants and subjects were scattered in the southeast, and some of them entered Fujian, and gradually integrated with the indigenous Fujian people. Minyue ethnic group. This population migration will undoubtedly promote the development of the ancient city of Fuzhou. For example, smelting technology will naturally benefit the development of agriculture.

Over time, with the changes in the earth's crust, the erosion and siltation of surrounding mountain debris and flash floods, and the deposition of sand and soil brought by the Minjiang River, the current urban land gradually formed. The king of Yue, Wujiang, also passed down to Wuzhu seven times. Wuzhu first established himself as the king of Minyue, and was deposed as the king during the Qin Dynasty. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu (202 BC), Wuzhu was reinstated as the king of Minyue by Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty because of his meritorious service in fighting Qin. . It is speculated that the development of the ancient city site at that time was extremely slow, possibly due to the chilling north wind or the threat of surrounding mountains, mud, rocks and flash floods. As the saying goes, "When trees are moved to death, people are moved to life." Zhu was no exception. He built a city and capital in the Yeshan area at the southeast foot of Pingshan Mountain, called Yecheng, and it was the beginning of Fuzhou's city walls.

To the north of Yecheng is the densely forested Yuewang Mountain, which is also called Pingshan because it blocks the cold air from the north like a screen. At its eastern foot is Yeshan, also known as Quanshan, which is a small mountain. The place is surrounded by mountains and water, and hundreds of springs gather in the pool. It is said that Ou Yezi forged swords here, so it is called Ouye Pool. The pool is more than ten miles away, surrounded by lush forests and fertile land, which can prevent floods and irrigate the surrounding fields. The specific location of Yecheng is roughly from the Hudong intersection of Guping Road to the south, to Pingshan in the north, with Ouye Pond as the center, surrounded by mountains on all sides. To the east, the area around Qixingjing is relatively flat, with fertile land that can be cultivated. After the establishment of Yecheng, the Minyue State banned woodcutting in Pingshan to preserve the trees and water sources, making Pingshan a geomantic treasure of Yecheng. From today's point of view, Yecheng is probably similar to "Shuibo Liangshan", and Wuzhu can be regarded as "occupying the mountain as king". At the same time, he also accepted the "recruitment" of Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, and was later "piracy" by Song Jiang.

According to "Records of the Capital of Fujian": "In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Wu Zhu was granted the title of King of Fujian and Yue, and the capital was ruled.". Because it is located near Yeshan, it is named Yecheng. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the area of ??the feudal princes' capitals was limited: "the largest one is no more than three hundred pheasants" (that is, the surrounding area is no more than nine hundred feet). Guo Baicang of the Qing Dynasty's Jiacheng Thatched Cottage Collection says: "It is said that Haihang anchored outside Huanzhu Gate during the Han Dynasty." The south of Yecheng is a flooded area, so the city is a small earthen city, and the city is mainly populated by royal officials and soldiers. This ancient city, according to "Sanshan Chronicles" records: "The ancient city of Minyue, the current government is 250 steps to the north." Zhengde's "Fuzhou Prefecture Chronicle": "The current government is 250 steps to the northeast." "Mindu Chronicles": "General The name of the mountain is Yeshan, located in the southwest of Gongyuan, in the ancient city of Minyue. ""A Brief Archeology of Rongcheng": "Based on the research of various theories, the place should be south of Zhuguling and north of Chenghuang Temple, etc.", that is, today. Guping Road Provincial Department of Finance and Qiantang Lane area. In 1989, cliff carvings of "Yeshan Historic Site" were discovered beside the kitchens of residential buildings at Nos. 21 and 22 Chengzhi Street, Gulou District. In 1990, tiles, tile cylinders and other objects from the Han Dynasty were discovered on Guping Road, and ruins and relics of the Han Dynasty were discovered in the Qixingjing area. Based on the above, it is confirmed that what is recorded in "A Brief Archeology of Rongcheng" is confirmed.

Sa Tianxi of the Yuan Dynasty has a poem "Mountain of the King of Yue" as evidence: "The homeland of the King of Yue is surrounded by mountains, and the clouds are still like the tiger and leopard pass. The copper beast secretly weeps with the autumn dew, and the sea crows return to the setting sun. For a while Away from the dust of the people, the heroes of the past are among the wild grass. At dusk, the partridges crow more urgently, and the wild moss and wild bamboos are stained with rain. "Although the poem is full of nostalgia and sadness, it objectively records that the ancients paid attention to urban feng shui to ensure that urban residents have a good ecology. environment.

Of course, the Fuzhou Basin had not yet been formed at this time. From the current perspective, Fuzhou is just a fishing village. This "fishing village" is the prototype of today's Fuzhou. It is just like the original fishing village of Shenzhen, but Shenzhen's construction speed has made it less The accumulation and depth of history.

Since then, the city walls of Fuzhou have been moved, expanded, built and destroyed five times since Hanye City, namely Hanye City, Jinzicheng, Tangluo City, Five Dynasties Jiacheng and Song and Yuan Outer City. Our ancestors have attached great importance to planning and Feng Shui in urban construction since ancient times. Since the beginning of Han Dynasty, the city of Yecheng was built at the southern foot of Pingshan Mountain. It faces south and enjoys the feng shui of the south. It has Pingshan Mountain at its back, Gushan Mountain on its left and Qishan Mountain on its right. Gaogai Mountain, Wuhu Mountain), in charge of the vitality of all people. We have reason to say that this is a city central axis carefully designed by leaders and builders of all generations, which is today's 817th Road. From this, we can also see the "ins and outs" of Fuzhou.

This central axis starts from Pingshan and passes through Guping Road, Dongjiekou, South Street, Nanmendou, Chating Street, Yangtoukou, and Zhongting Street. It actually runs through the entire urban development of Fuzhou. trajectory. This kind of victory has remained unchanged for more than 2,200 years. Even if many new routes have been added in modern times, it is still inseparable from this situation

After Wuzhu built the city in this geomantic treasure land, the Minyue Kingdom developed rapidly. During the reign of Emperor Wu, King Ying of Fujian and Yue relied on his strong national power to encircle Dongou and attack the South China Sea. He expanded to the northeast and southwest, seriously threatening the centralized rule of the Han Dynasty. Twenty years later, Yushan, the king of East Vietnam, raised troops to rebel against the Han. In the first year of Yuanfeng (110 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to quell the rebellion, destroyed the Minyue Kingdom, demolished Yecheng, and moved the residents to the Central Plains. The ancient city of Fuzhou was once abandoned.

After 400 years of silence, in the first year of Jin Taikang (280), Emperor Wu of Jin established Jian'an County in Wu and added Jin'an County, with jurisdiction equivalent to the southeastern coastal area of ????Fujian today. In the third year of Taikang's reign, Yan Gao was appointed as the governor of Jin'an County. After Yan Gao took office, he saw that the old city was too small to gather people, so he started to choose a new site. He originally planned to build the new city at Baitiandu, but he thought it would not be located north to south, so he used topographic maps to seek advice from the famous geomancer Feng Shui Guo Pu. Guo Pu pointed to the small hill to the south of the old city and said: "This is Yicheng, which will flourish in the next five hundred years."

According to Song Liang Kejia's "Three Mountains Chronicles": "In the third year of Taikang in Jin Dynasty (282 AD) ), he ordered to govern the county, ordered Yan Gao to govern the old city, and recruit the descendants of the former people. Gao Gu saw that the pass was too dangerous to gather people, so he moved to Baitian Crossing. If he thought it was not going south, he wanted to consult Guo Pu. , said: "This is Yicheng, which flourished in the next five hundred years." So it was moved to Yan. "The Records of the Capital of Fujian" written by Wang Yingshan of the Ming Dynasty said: "There was no founding of Fujian, and the capital was established as a city. It has a long history. Jin Tai." In the third year of Kang Dynasty, when he was in charge of the management of trees and animal husbandry in the county and had a narrow view of the city, the prefect Yan Gao consulted Guo Pu and found that the journey started in the south of Yuewang Mountain. "In the third year of Taikang in the third year of Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, Lin Feng's "A Brief Introduction to the Archeology of Rongcheng" records: , began to govern the county. The prefect Yan Gao narrowly regarded the regulations of Yecheng and suspected that the move to Baitian Cross was to the south (suspected to be a "non-south" error). Pu pointed out that the move was to a small mountain. The Naijing started from the south of Yuewang Mountain and was called Zicheng. It was still there from the Jin Dynasty to the Six Dynasties. "The above mentioned is that when Jin Yan moved to Gao to build the Zicheng, he consulted Guo Pu.

Guo Pu is indeed a person and a historical celebrity. Among the many materials about Guo Pu, the 1989 edition of Cihai is relatively concise and authoritative. "Cihai" records: "Guo Pu (276-324) was a writer and exegesis expert in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His courtesy name was Jingchun, a native of Hedong Wenxi (now part of Shanxi). He was erudite, good at ancient Chinese literature and strange calligraphy, and also liked the art of yin and yang divination. At the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty As Zuo Lang, Wang Dun was appointed to join the army. Dun wanted to rebel and ordered him to do divination. Pu said that he would be defeated and was killed by Wang Dunping. He was good at poetry and poetry in the Ming Dynasty. "Compiled by others." According to these records, Guo Pu was still a tough guy with commendable character. He bluntly said that Wang Dun's rebellion would be defeated, which aroused Wang Dun's dissatisfaction. Wang Dun asked him: "How long will you live?" He replied: "I will die today at the middle of the day." (Here is the basis for Fuzhou saying that daytime is "the middle of the day") He knew that Wang Dun was going to kill him immediately, but he still did not change his words. 48 years of life.

The chapter "Yan Gao and Guo Pian" in Gao Xiaoyun's "New Records of Eight Fujian" is more specific: "Guo Pu is good at Confucian classics, erudite and talented, but he has a 'stuttering' problem, and he always speaks. , but he wrote a thousand words, and his poems and poems were the highest in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Zhongxing Dynasty. Jiang Fu and Nanjiao Fu were the most famous. In the poems, he talked about the beauty of the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River..." It can be seen that Guo Pu may have been to Fujian, and he was very fond of Fujian, including Fuzhou. The mountains and rivers of Fujian are quite familiar. Therefore, he is qualified to read Feng Shui for Fuzhou City.

Where is the Baitian Ferry mentioned above? "Changle Liuli Zhi" explains that Baitian Mountain is located in Qinrenli, Min County, that is, Yan Gao, the governor of Jin County, wanted to move to the county to govern. The produced banana straw can be made into cloth. The pit is called Jiao Keng, and the stream is called Jiao Creek. According to "Records of the Capital of Fujian", Baitian Ferry is at the foot of Baitian Mountain. There is a left secondary port of Majiang River, called Shangtongjiang River. It connects Longmen, Kengtian, Langwei, Dongdu and Baitian, and connects Jiaoxi and Daxi. water. Between Baitian Mountain and Baitian Ferry, there are rows of villages called Baitian Village. Baitian Village is commonly known as "Baitian", which is still spoken orally, but in writing it is "Yutian", which is obviously an elegant name for the place. There is a record in "Liuli Zhi of Changle" that "Yutian is Baitian", which is evidence. Yutian Village, also the location of today's Yutian Town in Changle, is the center of the Dafuzhou Plain. Unfortunately, although there is a reliable mountain, it faces north and cannot block the north wind in winter.

Back to the subject, according to the records of "Fuzhou Prefecture·Volume 4·City", Guo Pu wrote in "Record of Moving the City": "The mulberry field is the sea, and personnel changes... Birds appear in the sky, and the wood is empty, and it lasts for thousands of years. Not ignorant. There are two eyebrows in front, and the water from the stream flows back to the sea. The guest is staying in the east sun, and the mountain is strong..."

Here, Guo Pu explained the Feng Shui theory on the site selection of Fuzhou City. The general idea is: the sea can be turned into mulberry fields, which can gather more people to live in, and turn desolation into prosperity. Only when there are trees can there be birds, and only when there are tree birds can there be a beautiful living environment. This is a truth that has not changed for thousands of years. Forest trees, flowers and birds must not be destroyed. There are two mountains, Wushi Mountain and Yu Mountain, in front of the city, which are like two eyebrows. The trees on the mountains must be well protected. The trees are lush and green, just like the application of pink and white, so that the water in the stream can remain clear and flow back to the sea. Human beings and the environment are like hosts and guests. The host treats his guests well, and if the guests live in peace, the host will feel comfortable. The sun rises from the east and shines on the town under the mountains. It is a prosperous scene.

After Yan Gao received Guo Pu's advice, he immediately began to build Jin'an County. It starts from Xiaoshanfu on Guping Road in the north, ends at the intersection of 817 North Road Hujie Road in the south, starts from the Liwenfang entrance of Hudong Road in the east, and ends at Dujikou of Guxi Road in the west. It has five city gates and a moat outside the city. It is larger than Yecheng. Later generations called it Zicheng because of the expansion of the city.

At the same time, Yan Gao channeled the water flow on the northwest mountain. He took advantage of the depressions in the northeast and northwest of the city that had been dug out for building the city, and dug out the East Lake and the West Lake, each of which has a circumference of 20 miles. West Lake is adjacent to the city wall in the east, Dameng Mountain and Xiang Mountain in the southwest, and Wufeng Mountain in the northwest. It is surrounded by farmland, which prevents both waterlogging and drought. The streams in the northwest mountains collect into the lake and irrigate the farmland. East Lake collects water flowing down from the mountains in the northeast. It is irrigated in the dry season and stores water in the rainy season to prevent flooding. East Lake is located in the northeast of the city, in the area of ??present-day Xindian, Qinting, and Doumen. Fucun Mountain is the center of East Lake, and Huqian and Hucheng Village are the place names left by East Lake. The lake no longer exists. The two lakes are bounded by Longyao Mountain, the continuation of Wufeng Mountain. They are like two green pearls, regulating the climate, greening the environment and producing food. This was the largest water conservancy project at that time. It not only made the peak northwest of Fuzhou City a geomantic treasure land, where the dragon vein is located, but also made full use of water resources. Fuzhou City has since become a blessed place to live in with beautiful mountains and clear waters and rich products. In view of this, it is not surprising that Fuzhou currently plans to re-excavate an East Lake in the Qinting area, which should be beneficial to Feng Shui (so Vanke Jinyu Rongjun also "lost no opportunity" to utilize the East Lake).

In fact, what really made Fuzhou prosperous was the "Eight Kings Rebellion" that lasted for 16 years to fight for central power between the Yongping and Yongjia years (291-313) after the city was built, which led to the collapse of the regime and the disaster of war. Continuously, the Central Plains gentry and people were driven to flee south, and some of them moved to Fujian.

This was the first time that Han people from the north entered Fujian in large numbers. According to historical records, "Since Yongjia, the Central Plains has been in chaos, and the eight surnames of Lin, Chen, Huang, Zheng, Zhan, Qiu, He, and Hu from the left and right of the Yangtze River have moved into central Fujian." It is the famous "Southern Crossing in Clothes" in history. The northern Han people also brought the silk industry, and from then on, colored satin production also began in Fujian.

Since then, with the prosperity of the city, Fuzhou City has continued to expand. Especially in the 14th year of Tianbao of Tang Dynasty (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, resulting in the tragic situation of "the barbarians in the three rivers and north were in chaos, and the four seas and the south were like Yongjia." A large number of northerners entered Fujian via Zhejiang and Jiangxi. In the 14th year of Zhenyuan (788) alone, the number of "monks, nuns, and common people traveling to Fujian" reached 5,000 at one time. The second migration of northerners to the south provided opportunities for the development of Fuzhou.

During the Zhonghe period of the Tang Dynasty (about 882), the economy prospered and the population increased greatly. Zheng Yi, the Fujian observation envoy, continued to expand the southeast corner. It has Guping Road Xiaofu in the north and 817 in the south. The Hujie intersection on the North Road runs east to the Liwenfang entrance of Hudong Road, and to the west reaches the Dujikou of Guxi Road. There are 6 city gates, and there are moats outside the city gates. The south is called Hujie Gate, and there is a large navigation bridge outside the gate, commonly known as the bridge. The bridge is at the intersection of today's 817 North Road Hujie Road. The southeast is called Andingmen, and there is Renai Bridge outside the gate. The bridge is between the south end of today's Kaiyuan Road and the east end of Miao Lane, which is today's Weiqian Street. The east name is Kangtai Gate, with Dongshan Tower built above it and Dongkang Bridge outside the gate. The bridge is between the Zhongshan intersection of Hudong Road, which is now Liwenfang. Xifengle Gate, Yixing Gate inside the gate, Yixing Bridge outside the gate, at the crossing of Jikou on Guxi Road today. The southwest is called Qingtai Gate, with Qingtai Tower on it, and outside the gate is Yasu Bridge, commonly known as Yang Bridge. The bridge is near Yaliang Lane and Gecuo Nong on Daming Road today. After the expansion, the area of ??the sub-city was larger than that of the old city. There were three government offices in the city, with the county government in the center in the north, close to the city edge in the north, and the Yimen in the south. The gate is at the intersection of Hudong and Guping Road today. At the same time, the South Lake was dug at the western foot of Wushi Mountain, and water from the West Lake was then diverted into the South Lake to irrigate the fields in the southwest of the city.

During the expansion of Zicheng, in the first year of Tang Guangqi (885), brothers Wang Chao and Wang Shenzhi from Gushi, Guangzhou, Henan, followed Wang Xu's peasant army into Fujian, with more than 30,000 people. Since then, there have been People from the Central Plains went south and married women from the Minyue ethnic minority on the spot. The population multiplied rapidly, and large-scale ethnic integration was once again achieved. According to "Min County Local Chronicles": "When the Wang family came to Fujian in the Tang Dynasty, there were 36 surnames following them." The third migration of northerners to the south further opened up Fuzhou's urban construction.

In the first year of Tianfu in the Tang Dynasty (about 901), Wang Shenzhi, the military governor of the Mighty Army, built Luo City, so Luocheng was also called the "Mighty Army City" and surrounded the city into an inner city. The city is in the shape of an irregular arc, with a radius of about 40 miles. The city is 20 feet high and 17 feet thick. It encompasses Jin'an County City within the city. Yeshan is surrounded to the north and becomes the commanding heights of the city. The south is bounded by the Antai River. Luocheng is divided by the Dahangqiao River. The political center and the aristocracy are located in the north of the city, while the civilian residential area and commercial economic zone are located in the south of the city. At the same time, the symmetry of the central axis was emphasized. Government offices were built on both sides of the main avenue in the north of the city; high walls were built in sections on both sides of the central axis in the south. These residential areas became the beginning of squares and lanes, and later gradually formed the layout of "three squares and seven lanes" prototype. The city walls of Luocheng are all built with bricks, and the city bricks are all printed with the words "Made in Mighty Army Style". The size of the bricks is "according to the Kaiyuan ruler, one foot eight inches long and three inches thick." There are 8 city gates, including Shemen in the south, which is the north bank of today's Antai Bridge; Yanmen in the east, which is the west end of Aoqiao at the Wuyi intersection of Dongda Road; Jinmen in the southeast, which is the Gaojie intersection of Jinmen Road in the southeast; Yanyuan Gate in the northeast, which is the north end of Zhongshan Road today. Near the front of Gongyuan, commonly known as the back of Beiyuan; North Yong'an Gate, now the Yong'an area of ??Qiantang Lane in the north gate; West Shanhua Gate, now the entrance to Shanhuafang, Ximen Doushan; Southwest Qingyuan Gate, now the north of Macau Bridge on Macau Road, Guanglufang; Northwest Anshan Door.

In the first year of Kaiping in the Later Liang Dynasty (907) of the Five Dynasties ("Min Lu" says: In the second year of the reign of the later counties), Wang Shenzhi expanded the northern and southern ends of the oval to sandwich Luocheng. Inside, it is called "Jiacheng", named North and South Moon City, with a radius of 26 miles. After the construction of the North-South Gate, it included Luocheng in a slightly circular shape, with the southern end extending from Lishe Gate to Ningyue Gate in today's Nanmendou, and the northern end extending from Yong'an Gate to Yansheng Gate and Yiai Gate at the eastern foot of Yuewang Mountain (Pingshan). . Jiacheng is also called Nanyue City and Beiyue City, with a surrounding area of ??26 miles and 4800 feet. There are two gates in Nanyue City: Ningyue Gate (today's Nanmendou) and Beautification Gate (formerly Kuocheng Street), which are connected to the rivers and lakes by dredging the city moat.

Beiyue City also has two gates: Yansheng Gate (today's eastern section of Hualin Temple) and Yiai Gate (today's Beimendou). At that time, there was an inner city gate in the south of the city, called Shuibu Gate, which was located at Caitou Bridge of the former Shuibu Department. There are also two gates in the north city, one is Jinglou Gate, near Qixingjing on Jinjing Road; the other is Yingxian Gate, which is in today's Ximendou. After the completion of Jiacheng, it was connected with Luocheng and surrounded the three commanding heights of Pingshan, Wushan and Yushan in the city to improve Fuzhou's defense capabilities. At that time, 7 pagodas were also built (now only Dingguang Pagoda and Jianlao Pagoda remain, commonly known as White Pagoda and Wu Pagoda) and Yongquan Temple at Baiyun Peak in Gushan Mountain (renamed Yongquan Temple during the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty).

In the seventh year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (974), Qian Yu, the governor of Fuzhou, built an additional southeast city in order to strengthen defense. From Guangshun Gate (Hesha Gate) in the south to the west, the city is 329 feet long, with 6 gate towers and 30 watchtowers; in the east from Dongwu Gate (Xingchun Gate, now called Dongmen) to the north, there are 2 gates, Andao and Linjiang. , 3 gates, 5 watchtowers each; 2 convenience gates (Tangjing Gate, Shipyard Gate), 9 watchtowers, 274 feet of city, 2900 feet along the city river; from Dongwu Gate to the south, there are 3 gate towers , there are 24 watchtowers, the city is 310 feet, and the city is 3600 feet along the city river. The city is 1.6 feet high and 8 feet thick. It was the first time in the history of city wall construction in Fuzhou that watchtowers were built. The scope of its expansion can be seen from the former sites of several gates in the outer city at that time. It expanded to Heshamen in the south, named Yuannan, and later changed to Guangshun, now north of Xima Bridge; in the southeast it expanded to Tongxianmen, now Tongxianjing; in the east to Chunmen (also known as Dongwumen), now on the west side of Jin'an Bridge It expanded to Tangjing Gate in the northeast, today's Tangjing Gate and Shipyard Gate; and expanded to Yishan Gate in the southwest, outside Yingxian Gate, today's Ximen Gate.

In the third year of the Taiping and Xingguo reign of the Song Dynasty (987), Song Taizong unified Fujian. The Song Dynasty was worried about rebellion and ordered the city walls to be destroyed, leaving only the remaining walls a few feet high. During the Xining period of the Song Dynasty (1068-1077), the engineer Meng knew about Fuzhou. He started the construction of Fuzhou City the following year and restored it at the old site of Zicheng. When Cheng Shimeng repaired the city, he extended the west gate to the riverside of the Marshal Temple on Guxi Road and named it Fengle Gate. Outside the gate was Dingyuan Bridge. There are 9 pavilions built on it, namely: Fanxuan Tower, Xihu Tower, Wuyun Tower, Sanshan Tower, Qinghui Tower, Taishan Tower, Duiyu Tower, Xudai Tower and Zuoyun Tower. At the same time, the city protection was dredged and 12 bridges were built: Hujiemen Bridge, Qingtaimen Yasu Bridge, Famiao Bridge, Yihe Bridge, Yiqiu Bridge, Changli Bridge, Renai Bridge, Leyou Bridge, Qunle Bridge, and Kaitong Bridge , Convenience Bridge, Yixing Gate Bridge. The Yuan Dynasty once again ordered the destruction of the Fuzhou city wall.

In the first year of Jingkang of the Northern Song Dynasty (1126), the Jin soldiers invaded the south on a large scale, and the northern population moved southward one after another, forming the fourth immigration climax in the history of Fuzhou. According to the Records of the Three Mountains of the Song Dynasty, in the ninth year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1182), the number of households in Fuzhou increased from 94,475 during the Taiping and Xingguo years to 321,284 households, an increase of 226,809 households in 200 years, an increase of more than 2 to 3 times. Among them, the head household There are 211,500 households and 109,692 customers. Customers also account for half of the main households. Under the pressure of population growth, additional buildings were built in the outer city during the Xianchun period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1265-1274).

In the fourth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1371), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered his consort Wang Gong to build the old city of Fuzhou. Wang Gong studied Fuzhou Feng Shui in detail (another Feng Shui master) and believed that in order to keep the ecology of the city intact, the three mountains of Pingshan, Wushan and Yushan must be surrounded by the city, so he built a stone wall across the main peak of Pingshan in the north, and the outer city surrounded Wushan. The city wall was built on the two mountains of Shan and Yushan. It is ten miles wide and basically circular in shape. It has excellent Feng Shui. During the reconstruction, a Qiao Tower was first built on the top of Pingshan Mountain as a model for each city gate tower, hence the name "Sample Tower". You can see the sea from the building, also known as Zhenhai Tower. The east, west and south sides of the city wall were restored according to the outer city ruins of the Song Dynasty. The southern city wall surrounds the foothills of the mountains and Wushi Mountains, with a radius of 10 miles and a circumference of 3,340 feet. The city wall is more than 2.1 feet high and 1.7 feet thick. There are 62 watchtowers, 98 police stations, 2164 battlements and 4085 parapets on the city.

In the sixth year of Hongwu (1373), Fuzhou Zhongwei commander Li Hui and others made additional constructions. They built additional oars in the city and added roofs around the city.

In order to prevent Japanese invasion, in the 38th year of Jiajing reign (1559), 36 enemy towers were built on the city, surrounding 3 sides of the city. The moat was dug 7.5 feet deep, 10 feet wide, and more than 3,300 feet long. In the 42nd year of Jiajing (1563), Japanese pirates invaded again. Because of the protection of the city wall, the Japanese pirates were annihilated under the city. The "eighty-one pile" on the outskirts of the city is said to be the place where Japanese pirates were buried. It was rebuilt in the tenth year of Wanli (1582). There are seven main gates in the city: the South Gate (at Jiuxian Bridge), the North Gate (that is, the Yansheng Gate in front of the city), this gate is blocked behind, and the Renai Gate is changed to the North Gate. Gate), East Gate (that is, the Xingchun Gate of the former outer city), West Gate (that is, the Yingxian Gate of the former Jiacheng), Water Department (in the southeast), Tangmen (in the northeast, that is, the former Tangjing Gate), Jinglou Gate (to the north of Tangmen, that is, Qianchuanyang Gate). In the strategic place outside the stone city, there is also a semicircular urn city, which also has a door that can be closed. There are also 4 water passes to connect the rivers inside and outside the city.

Wang Shimao, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in "Min Bu Shu": "The situation in the world is easier to distinguish than that of Fuzhou Prefecture, where mountains are hugging each other, and the dragon spreads slightly from the west across the province, with small mountains sitting in it. The two mountains of Wushi and Jiuxian (Yushan) stand on the east and west to form double towers. The east mountain is tall and blocks out the sun and the moon, and the sea is outside it. It is called Gushan. , with a drum. In front of it, there is a mountain like a screen, which looks like it was made by people. However, there is still no water passing through it. If you climb Dao Mountain (Wushi Mountain) and look at it, you can clearly see the big and small water. . The river snakes from the southwest to the foot of Fangshan, and the Nantai River flows slightly closer to the city. The river turns slightly from the south to the northeast. The Nantai River merges with the vast ocean and flows eastward to Changle into the sea. Its mountains and rivers are so beautiful. ”

Wang Yingshan, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in "Mindu Ji": "Three peaks stand in the domain, and three wonders are marked outdoors. There are many sweet fruits, and lotus flowers are auspicious. The Jinjiang River leads to the lake, and the southeast joins the sea. The second tide surges, and hundreds of thousands of flowers bloom. The river overflows. The city has beautiful mountains and rivers. There is no chaos in times of war or famine. Shahe Road leads to the mouth of the river and Zoulu is on the seaside. From this point on, scholars believe that the location of Fuzhou City in the Ming Dynasty was favorable. , people and harmony are the best feng shui. The key is to shelter from the wind and hide water. There are three mountains with lush trees in the city to shelter from the wind; there are rivers and lakes outside the city to hide the water. Fuzhou has become a blessed place on earth created in heaven.

The subsequent Qing Dynasty basically followed the layout of Mingcheng Mansion and improved it. In the 18th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1661), Governor Li Shutai demolished the city houses and built walls with a height of 2.4 to prevent fires. It is 1.9 feet thick, with 264 nests, 93 forts, more than 3,000 crenellations, and 5,530 feet of horse paths. In the 30th year of Kangxi (1691), Governor Guo Shilong rebuilt the 2 southwest towers. In the fifth year of Yongzheng's reign (1727) and the ninth year of Yongzheng's reign (1731), they were rebuilt and the female wall was added. In the 16th year of Qianlong's reign (1751), Governor Kaljishan and Governor Pan Siju rebuilt it. In the 22nd year of Jiaqing (1817), the governor of Fujian rebuilt the city wall. After the completion, he drew and annotated the landscape of the city, as well as the location of altars, temples, government offices, villages, thoroughfares, and bridges. During the Daoguang period (1821-1850), another major renovation was carried out, but the scope of the city was not expanded.

After the Revolution of 1911, the city walls were gradually demolished in order to develop transportation. Huanzhumen was built in the first year of Longde in the Five Dynasties, and was originally named Zhenmintai, also known as Guitoumen. After reconstruction in the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed the Lion Tower, commonly known as the Double Gate Tower. There are three large stone-cut lions placed in the double doors, facing south, to suppress the Wuhu Mountain, commonly known as "Three Lions Control Five Tigers". It was demolished during the reconstruction of the highway during the Republic of China, and the three lions were moved under the plaque of "Haitian Ao Zhu" in front of the Drum Tower. In 1952, when the city wall of the Drum Tower was demolished to build Guping Road, the stone lions were moved to the south gate of the roundabout island. They were destroyed during the "Cultural Revolution". Of course, from then on, the construction of Fuzhou City basically stopped.

Fuzhou’s geography has a lot to do with Feng Shui, and many related weird things have happened