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Abbreviation of enterprise English vocabulary

Company name translation

1. transliteration

When the individual words in the company name are only language symbols, which only represent the enterprise and have no practical significance, transliteration is generally used. In addition, if there is a literal translation in the original text, it will be unnatural or the company name will be too long. Transliteration is also used at this time. For example:

Tate Gallery. Lyle (UK)

Tetrell (UK)

Daimler-Benz (Germany)

Dow (new york)

Tao? Jones Company (new york)

Goodyear tire co., ltd. Rubber (Akron, Ohio)

Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company (Akron, Ohio)

Hilton Hotel Hilton Hotel

Volvo Car Company (Sweden)

Hillsden Holdings (UK)

Hilston Holding Company (UK)

Fiat (Italy)

Wanhao International Hotel

Tianjin liming cosmetic industrial company

Shanghai Kayan Information System Co., Ltd.

Hong Jie precision plastic mould co., ltd

Hong Jie Precision Plastic Mold (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

Shanghai chunmao refrigeration equipment co., ltd

Shanghai chunmao refrigeration equipment co., ltd? , ltd

2. Literal translation

If the names of companies and enterprises consist of country names, place names or common nouns, literal translation can generally be adopted.

Royal Dutch Shell Group

British water industry group

British tap water industry group

Bank of Montreal Bank of Montreal

American Express American Express Company

3. Free translation method

Free translation reflects the management characteristics of enterprises. For example:

British steel company

At&T Company. AT&T Company (new york)

Air products and services. Chemicals (Allen, Pennsylvania) Air Products and Chemicals Company (Eldon, Pennsylvania)

North American Coal Company (Cleveland)

Sun Chemical Company (new york)

New york Times (new york)

New york Times Agency (new york)

Fairchild Industries (Gaimen Town, Maryland)

Fairchild Industries (Jermanton, Maryland)

Shanghai Pudong naughty pet co., ltd.

Shanghai Maochang electronics co., ltd

Shanghai xingsheng electronics co., ltd.

China arts and crafts import and export company

China National Art Association. Arts and crafts import and export corporation. export house

Capital iron and steel company

Shanghai no.1 drugstore co., ltd

Shanghai di 1 drugstore co., ltd

Mudan beauty salon Mudan beauty salon

Shanghai huamanlou seafood restaurant

Shanghai huahai cuisine restaurant

4. The following methods

Some foreign companies or enterprises, especially some well-known established companies, generally follow the established translated names, although sometimes there is a big gap between the translated names and the original names.

The translated names of such companies have a long history and have become recognized standard names. Therefore, in the process of translation, we should follow the original text and should not change or retranslate it, otherwise it will lead to misunderstanding. For example:

Standard Oil Company of Mobil Oil Company of new york

Oriental Bank Li Ru Bank

Imperial Chemical Industry Company (Imperial Chemical Industry Company)

Citibank, the first national city bank of the United States

PricewaterhouseCoopers (UK)

J. Bank of JPMorgan Chase. Bank of JPMorgan Chase.

Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited

5, homophonic method

Homophonic translation is to express a word in the original company name in the target language according to its pronunciation. The homonym in the target language is as meaningful as possible and is mainly used for publicity. For example:

Xerox (Stanford, Connecticut)

Zenith Electronics Company (Glenview, Ⅲ)

Zeng Nizhi Electronics Company (Greenwood, Illinois)

Shanghai Xi Xi Xiangyun ramie textile co., ltd

Shanghai CC& Lucky Ramie Textile Co., Ltd.

Shanghai Jiayi investment consulting co., ltd

Shanghai kaisi investment consultant co., ltd.

Jiacheng consulting company

Nengcheng consulting co., ltd.

Weilun forklift (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

Weitalun forklift (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

Shanghai ruian consulting co., ltd

Shanghai ruian consulting co., ltd.

6. superposition method

The original company name does not contain words indicating "company" or reflecting the industry or products it is engaged in. When translating, add the word "company" and words reflecting the industry or product it is engaged in. This translation method is the addition translation method. For example:

Bess (UK)

Bath Beverage Company (UK)

Continental Airlines (Germany)

Kangtaien Rubber Company (Germany)

Ericsson (Sweden)

Eriksson Electric Company (Sweden)

Hansen (UK)

Hansen Trust Company (UK)

Shanghai Ding Sheng Investment Management Co., Ltd.

Shanghai deep space revenue management co., ltd.

China automobile company

China automobile industry company

Shanghai helicopter company

Shanghai helicopter service company

7. Direct quotation method

Some abbreviations of company names are difficult to translate, so they are often translated directly. For example:

Food machinery company

FMC Corporation (USA)

Dutch national mining company

DSM (Netherlands)

BTR (uk)

BTR Company (UK)

A. Mr. Smith (Milwaukee)

Smith Company (Milwaukee)

American International Airlines (Chicago)

Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank

HSBC

National City Bank of new york

Citibank/Citibank

Handicraft shop

Jingyi company

Three. Translation of the name of "company"

1. Translation of English word "company"

In English, there are many words that mean "company". In translation, especially in Chinese-English translation, we must know the basic differences between these words in order to choose the correct word translation. The following are common English words for "company":

(1) company (company)

Company is a very common word "company". Company is British English, such as British company law. A company generally refers to a registered company with legal personality, regardless of its size. For example:

United international company.

United international company (grain processing)

Generally speaking, companies are smaller than joint-stock companies, but this is not entirely the case. For example, Shell Oil Company, a famous big company, used this company in its name.

The company is relatively widely used. In China, company is often used to translate the names of various companies (big or small). For example:

Zhuhai Heqing Development Co., Ltd.

People's Insurance Company of China

Shanghai zhongheng computer network development co., ltd

Shanghai treman network development co., ltd.

Shanghai jinjiang shipping co., ltd

Shanghai songqiong trading co., ltd

Shanghai shunjun trading co., ltd.

(2) Company

Corporation is American English. For example, in the United States (company law), the English language is Corporation Law. As mentioned above, companies are usually considered to be bigger than companies. In American English, corporation refers to joint-stock companies, such as Unicom Micro Electronics Corp In addition, some people think that corporation refers to large companies with independent legal personality in American English. But there are exceptions, such as Gulf Energy &; Mining company.

Generally speaking, American companies are usually named after corporation or company incorporated. For example:

Chrysler Corp.

Chrysler automobile company

In the practice of international business English translation in China, corporation is often used in the English names of larger companies. For example, the English names of major import and export companies in China basically use the word corporation. In addition, companies that think they are big also like to call themselves companies. For example:

China textile import and export corporation

China Textile Import and Export Corporation. export house

China hardware and mineral products import and export company

China Hardware and Mineral Import and Export Corporation. export house

citic

China International Trust and Investment Corporation. investment firm

China No.1 Automobile Factory Import and Export Corporation

First automobile factory import and export co., ltd. export house

(3) Company registration

A company generally refers to a joint-stock company. For example:

United airlines

Incorporation is used less than company and corporation.

(4) Firmness

A firm refers to "company name" and "company", generally refers to an enterprise jointly operated by two or more persons, and can also refer to any business institution or unit engaged in business and economic activities.

They are a trustworthy company. They are a trustworthy company. Another example is:

Consulting firm, consulting firm,

Law firm. Law firm.

Firms are generally not used for company names.

(5) agency

Although agency can be translated as "company", agency refers to an organization engaged in agency business activities. A "company" with the nature of an agent and similar to a middleman can use an agent in the company name. For example:

Jingyu translation company

Jingyu translation agency

China ocean shipping agency

China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Trademark Agency

Shenzhen qiongsi advertising company

Shenzhen zhuoan advertisement agent co., ltd

(6) lines

Line can generally be used alone, or as an affix in the names of companies such as ships and airlines. For example:

Shanghai Airlines

Atlantic container shipping company

Atlantic container transportation company

Hawaiian airlines

Northwest Airlines Northwest Airlines (USA)

Delta Air Lines Delta Air Lines (USA)

Sometimes, airlines are used to represent airlines, such as:

British Airways

(7) Industry

Industries is often used in company names, which usually means "industry" and "industry". For example:

imperial chemical industries

Imperial Chemical Industry Company (UK)

Industries means "industrial company" in China. For example:

MHI

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (Japan)

In our country, the words "… industrial company" are usually used when translating into English. For example:

Hupu industry company

Hoople industries ltd

Huaguang light industry company

(8) products

Products are sometimes used in company names, and Chinese translation is "product company". Generally speaking, such companies are related to manufacturing and selling products. For example:

American native products

American household products company

Avon products Avon products company (USA)

Sonoco products Sonoco products company (USA)

(9) Enterprises

Enterprise is sometimes used to mean "enterprise" and "industry" in company names. For example:

Coca-cola enterprise company

Shengli enterprise company

Guangdong foreign trade industrial company

Guangdong foreign trade industrial enterprise company

(10) Store

Store means "store" and is sometimes used in the name of a public institution, which is equivalent to "department store" in China (usually in plural). For example:

Wal-Mart Supermarket Vuormaa Department Store (USA)

American store American department store

Union department store

Federal department store (USA)

(1 1) service

Services are sometimes used in company names, mainly referring to service companies. For example:

United States postal service

Japan postal service company

Hartford financial services company

Hartford Financial Services (USA)

(12) system

System is used to refer to "system company" in company name. For example:

Electronic data system

Electronic data systems Inc. (USA)

Taiyang Microsystems company

Pacific health care system

Pacific Health Systems (USA)

(13) Group

Group refers to the "group company". For example:

Basil Group basil Group (USA)

American international group

American International Group Corporation

Lloyd TSB group

Lloyd TSB Group (Germany)

Santander Group (Spain)

(14) hold

Holding is mainly used to refer to "holding company". For example:

HSBC Holdings Limited (UK)

Lehman brothers holding company

Lehman Brothers Holdings (USA)

Na Beske Group Holding Company

Na Beeskow holding company (USA)

Insurance, insurance

"insurance company" can be translated into insurance company, but in countries such as Britain and the United States, insurance companies often only use insurance or insurance in their names. For example:

New york life insurance company

New york Life Insurance Company (USA)

Swiss reinsurance company

standard life assurance

Standard Life Insurance Company (UK)

(16) laboratory

Laboratories are sometimes used to refer to "pharmaceutical companies". For example:

Abbott Laboratories.

Albert (Abbott) Pharmaceutical Company (USA)

Tyco laboratory

Tyco pharmaceutical company

(17) Office

Office is sometimes used as the meaning of "company", such as:

Fire office (fire insurance company),

Life office (life insurance company),

Frankfurt Tourism Bureau (Frankfurt Tourism Company)

If someone asks, "Where are you going?" You replied, "Go to the company." English is "I'm going to the office." In this case, office usually means "company" or "office".

Office is rarely used in the name of a company, but it is often used in the name of a business unit in China, meaning "branch" or "office". For example:

Beijing liwen trading company Shanghai office Beijing liwen trading company Shanghai office

China Machinery and Equipment Import and Export Corporation. Export company Guangdong branch Shenzhen office

When China Machinery and Equipment Import and Export Corporation Guangdong branch Shenzhen office is used as a "branch", it is sometimes used with Branch, such as branch office.

(18) proprietary

Proprietary and company are used together to mean "holding company". In Britain, it refers to a monopoly company whose shares are not sold publicly. In Australia and South Africa, proprietary companies are sometimes used in company names to refer to private limited companies. Proprietary is usually abbreviated as Pty when used for company names.

(19) associate member, alliance, alliance, alliance

When Associate is used as a noun of "joint number" and "joint company", it is often used in the plural.

Associate often uses the past participle form of its verb, which means "union". Alliance, union means "alliance" and "alliance", sometimes used in the name of a company. United is sometimes used in company names, meaning "United company". For example:

Saunders Association (Nashua, New Hampshire)

Saunders Associates (Nashua, New Hampshire, USA)

Royal & Sun Alliance

Royal Sun Alliance Company (UK)

Norwich League

Norich United Company (UK)

Joint Brand (new york)

United Trademark Company (new york, USA)

In addition, some other words are used in the company name to mean "joint". For example:

United Paper Company (USA)

United Lyon United Brewery Company (UK)

United oil company

China agricultural machinery import and export co., ltd. Export United Corp.

China Agricultural Machinery Import and Export United Company

(20) "Zero Translation"

Zero translation means that the company name is not translated by words such as company or corporation.

A. In Britain and America, the word "company" is usually used to indicate the industry it is engaged in. For example:

Dow Chemical Doyle Chemical Company (USA)

American Brand (new york)

American Trademark Company (new york, USA)

Apple Computer Apple Computer Company (USA)

Digital equipment data equipment company (USA)

British steel company

Firestone tire co., ltd. Rubber (Ohio)

Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (Ohio, USA)

Universal Cinema Universal Film Company (USA)

2 1. Don't use the word "company"

No word stands for "company", and no word stands for the characteristics of the industry. For example:

Boeing Boeing Company (USA)

Unilever Unilever (UK/Netherlands)

Abbey National Abbey National Company (UK)

Time warner Inc. time warner Inc. Company (USA)

(22) concern

As a "company", the focus often refers to a limited company, which is generally not used in the company name.

(23) Complex

Complexity usually refers to a comprehensive enterprise. For example, petrochemical complex. Complexity is rarely used in company names.

(24) Joint ventures

Enterprise groups usually refer to large-scale joint enterprise groups.

(25) Partnership

A partnership refers to a partnership jointly operated by partners.

(26) husband, son and brother

The names of some foreign companies sometimes put the plural form of Mr Messrs before the boss's surname to form the company name. E-mail does not need to be translated. In addition, some company names consist of one or two names, of which "&"does not need to be translated. The names of other companies consist of names plus sons or brothers, which are generally translated. For example:

Mr. Brown & Brown Company

Mr. Edwards & Co., Ltd.

Edwards ltd

James hill & James Company? Hill Corp.

Smith & Johnson company.

Smith-Johnson company

1. Translation of joint ventures, sole proprietorships and cooperative enterprises

(1) "Joint venture"

Joint venture is a joint venture when translated into English (according to American English, it should be a joint venture) In international business, China's "joint venture" is actually the abbreviation of "Sino-foreign joint venture". According to the nature of a joint venture, the so-called joint venture is actually a "joint venture".

A joint venture refers to an enterprise invested and operated by investors from two or more different countries. In other words, it is a large-scale partnership formed by investors as partners in a period of time. The English for "joint venture" is equity joint venture, which is referred to as joint venture for short. Legally speaking, a joint venture sometimes refers to a "short-term joint venture", not a "joint venture company" formed by at least two companies in partnership according to relevant laws. The English translation of "Sino-British Joint Venture" is a Sino-British joint venture.

In our country, English is generally used in joint ventures. To avoid confusion, we should say joint venture. However, when it comes to "cooperative enterprises", it should be translated into contractual joint ventures.

A Sino-US contractual joint venture is translated into English.

(2) "sole proprietorship enterprise"

In general, a "sole proprietorship enterprise" is also a "personal enterprise", which translates into English as a proprietor's boat and refers to an enterprise funded by one person.

In international business English, "wholly foreign-owned enterprise" refers to a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in China, so it can be translated into English, that is, all foreign-owned firm or all-foreign-owned enterprise.

2. Translation methods of "head office"

The word "head office" is very common in company names in Britain and America, but it doesn't mean "head office" in China, and it is generally translated as "general". For example:

General Motors General Motors (USA)

General Signal Company (USA)

American General Data Corporation

General is usually not used in the company name to mean "total". But in China, especially since the reform and opening up, many companies have used general to mean "general" (company) in their company names. If the word "head office" in Chinese is translated into English such as General Motors, it does not mean "head office" to native English speakers, but "ordinary" and "ordinary". In other words, their reaction to ordinary companies is not consistent with that of China natives, so it is best not to translate "head office" into ordinary companies.

The English word national can be used in the names of companies and institutions, meaning "total". For example:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

United States postal service

United States National Postal Service

American highway bureau

United States Highway Administration

Generally speaking, in the translation of company names, the following methods can be used to express the meaning of "total":

(1) In China, the term China head office is used to indicate the national "head office" of a professional company. For example:

China cereals, oils and foodstuffs import and export corporation. export house

China tu animal products import and export company

China Nonferrous Metals Import and Export Corporation. export house

China Nonferrous Metals Import and Export Corporation

(2) occasional use of international

International business machines Corp.

China international book trading company

China international trade book company

China International Trust and Investment Corporation. Investment Company China International Trust & Investment (Head Office) Company

International business machines Corp.

(3) Omit the word "total" in translation. For example, the word "head office" is relative to the word "branch office", so there is no need to translate the word "head office" because of its affiliation. For example:

Beijing foreign trade company

Guangdong foreign trade company

Baosteel group international trade company

English head office (H.O) and headquarters mean "head office", "headquarters", "head office" and "head office", all of which refer to the places where directors and other units lead their work. They are generally not used in company names. For example:

He has been promoted and now works in the head office.

Holding company is sometimes understood as "head office". In fact, holding companies refer to "holding companies" and "equity companies" (companies that exist only to hold shares in subsidiaries). The company owns more than half of the shares of its subsidiaries, and the holding company is the "head office" relative to the holding subsidiaries. Holding companies are often used in company names.

4. Translation of "Branches"

The main words in English for "branch" are: branch, office, subsidiary, affiliated company, associated company, etc. These words have different meanings.

(1) branch

A branch refers to a branch business organization directly subordinate to a company (the so-called "head office"). The branch does not have legal person status (1 legal person), and its economy and personnel are controlled and led by the "head office".

Branches are used in company names, and often appear together with the names of "head office" and "headquarters" to indicate affiliation. For example:

Bank of China Shenzhen Branch

Songqiong toy co., ltd. Pudong branch

Song Jun toy co., ltd. Pudong branch

(2) Office

Offices can be understood as "branches" and "offices", which are branches or business points sent by "head office". For example:

Chongqing maoyuan trading company Shanghai office

UMW equipment system (Changshu) co., ltd? , Shanghai office

(3) subsidiaries

A subsidiary refers to a "subsidiary", and more than half of its shares are controlled by another company (holding company). The subsidiary is controlled by the holding company on the macro level, but it is independent in law.

(4) affiliated companies and subsidiaries

An affiliated company means that part or all of a company is owned by another company. In Chinese, affiliated companies refer to "affiliated companies", "branches" and "associated companies".

(5) affiliated companies

20% to 5 1% of the shares of an affiliated company are controlled by another company, which means "affiliated company" and "joint name" in Chinese.

5. Limited liability companies and joint-stock limited liability companies.

Four. Translation of factory names

The translation of factory names is generally based on the semantic information of the original factory (reflecting the production information of the factory) into English. For example:

Shanghai 2 nd electric meter factory

Xuzhou sewing machine factory

Dongfeng plastics plant

1. Works

Works is generally used to refer to larger factories. For example: steel plants, gas plants and cement plants.

2. Plants

Plant usually also refers to larger factories, especially those in power or machinery manufacturing. For example: a power plant, a machinery factory, a machinery factory.

3. Factory

Factory is a general word, which can refer to all kinds of factories. For example: a glass factory, a processing factory, a wireless power plant, a hardware factory.

4.muller

A mill usually refers to a light industrial or handicraft factory. For example:

Paper mill, flour mill,

Cotton mill, textile mill.