Did the Northern Song Dynasty "take little feet as beauty"? Why did you use three inches of golden lotus?

The Northern Song Dynasty is "taking little feet as beauty"

"Golden Lotus" of course refers to the feet of ancient women. Most people in the world attribute the invention right of the three-inch golden lotus to the late master Li Yu of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Yu is only the heir of this invention, but the earliest patent right does not belong to him, which is actually a great fallacy.

The patentee of Jin Ping Mei is Xiao Baojuan, the emperor of the Southern Dynasties. Xiao Baojuan is an eccentric person and an absurd emperor. He was only 16 years old when he became emperor, and he did countless bad things in his life. For example, there is an immobile parturient in Shen Gong. Xiao Baojuan led a large number of followers into her house and asked her why she was here alone. The mother replied that she was going to have a baby soon. Xiao Baojuan ordered her to cut open her stomach to see if it was a man or a woman.

More than 400 years later, Xiao Baojuan's invention was inherited by Li Yu, whose capital is also Nanjing. However, compared with Xiao Baojuan's "cutting gold for lotus", Li Yu made a technical improvement. The golden lotus made by Li Yu is six feet high. It is not only made of pure gold, but also decorated with treasures and wrapped in wreaths. There is also a "needle"-shaped Ruilian on the rosette, which is very imaginative. However, Li Yu, a "graceful and dancing" maid-in-waiting, officially began to wrap her feet: she wrapped them in layers of silk to make them bow like a crescent moon, and then put on plain socks and danced. Li Yu is a great poet. From her dance style, he can actually enjoy dancing like in the clouds.

The fashion in court spread to the people, and everyone was ashamed of not doing it. Therefore, the inventor of "Golden Lotus" is Xiao Baojuan, while the inventor of improver and foot binding is Li Yu. Together, they made the tragic fate of women in China last for more than 1000 years, which can really be called the disaster of women in China.

After Li Yu, foot binding became the fashion of aristocratic women in Song Dynasty, and it didn't become popular until Ming Dynasty. As the fuel of this trend, a special knowledge was formed among later scholars: the special study of women's feet and shoes. Fang Xuan in Qing Dynasty even claimed to be "Hua Yi" and "Dr. Xiang Lian" and wrote a book "Pinzao", which is of great significance to women. Su Dongpo's Ode to the Foot in Bodhisattva Man is the pinnacle of this kind of "little foot literature": "I don't hesitate to take steps, but I worry about going to Lingbo for a long time. When I saw the dance return, I couldn't find any trace of my thread. I stole the palace and stood in a double trap. It's hard to say it's beautiful, but I have to look at it from the palm of my hand. " "exquisite theory"

In unofficial history.

There are different opinions about the origin of foot binding. Some say it began in the Sui Dynasty, some say it began in the Tang Dynasty, and some say it began in the Five Dynasties. Some people even say that Yu's wife and da ji in Xia and Shang Dynasties were both small feet. It can be said that there are different opinions.

Began in sui theory

Foot-binding began in Sui Dynasty and also originated from folklore. It is said that when Yang Di traveled to Jiangdu, he recruited hundreds of beautiful women to pull fibers for him. A woman named Wu Yueniang was chosen. She hated the tyranny of Emperor Yang Di, so she asked her father, who was a blacksmith, to make a lotus petal knife three inches long and one inch wide, and wrapped it at his feet with a long cloth, and the smaller it was, the better. Then she carved it on the sole of the shoe. Want to enjoy her little feet. Wu Yueniang slowly untied the foot cloth, suddenly pulled out a lotus petal knife and stabbed the emperor Yang Di. Emperor Yang Di flashed by quickly, but his arm was stabbed. Wu Yueniang saw that the assassination failed, so he threw himself into the river. Later, Emperor Yang Di ordered that in the future, no matter how beautiful a woman is, "foot-binding women will not be selected". But folk women are commemorated.

Began in the northern song dynasty

Some scholars have pointed out through research that the history of women's blood and tears in China, China.

Ancient women's foot-binding rose in the Northern Song Dynasty. Five generations ago, women in China did not bind their feet. Su Dongpo, a poet in the Song Dynasty, once wrote the word "Bodhisattva Man" and lamented foot binding. "When painting incense, I don't hesitate to lotus, but I worry about going to Lingbo for a long time; I saw the dance in the air and there was no trace. It is hard to say that it is exquisite, but it must be seen from the palm of your hand. " This can also be called the first poem dedicated to foot binding in the history of China's poetry. It should be noted that the writing of foot-binding poems depends on the appearance of foot-binding customs, which shows that foot-binding customs did appear in the Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, women's foot-binding became more common, and even in the late Southern Song Dynasty, "little feet" had become a general term for women. However, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the custom of female foot-binding existed. The social concept of foot-binding has not yet reached the point where everyone accepts it. At the same time, the custom of foot-binding spread from the north to the south, about the time when the Song Dynasty moved south. Foot-binding in Song Dynasty is different from the three-inch golden lotus in later generations. According to historical records, foot-binding in the Song Dynasty was to wrap the feet "straight" without bowing, which was called "getting on the horse" at that time. The shoes used are called "wrong in the end" and the soles are very sharp. It consists of two colors. At present, this kind of foot-binding shoes has been found in archaeology. Inferred from the archaeological findings, the feet wrapped by this kind of shoes are bigger than those later. Mongolian aristocrats did not bind their feet at first after they entered the Jianyuan in the Central Plains, but they did not object to the habit of binding their feet by the Han people. On the contrary, they are appreciative. In this way, the wind of foot-binding in Yuan Dynasty continued to develop. At the end of the yuan dynasty, there even appeared the concept that foot binding was not shameful. In the Yuan Dynasty, women's foot-binding continued to develop in a slender direction, but there were still many people who did not, especially in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Lingnan areas in the south. In the Ming dynasty, the wind of women's foot-binding entered a prosperous period and developed rapidly in various places. When Zhang invaded Sichuan at the end of the Ming Dynasty, women's feet were cut off and even piled up into mountains, which was called the Golden Lotus Wind, showing that women in Sichuan were full of foot-binding.