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Spraying, roller coating and bullet coating construction

1 range

This technical standard is applicable to the wall spraying, roller coating and bullet coating construction of general industrial and civil buildings.

2 Construction preparation

2. 1 Materials and main machines:

2. 1. 1 cement: ordinary cement, slag cement and pozzolanic cement of No.325 and above. Cement used in a project should use the same batch of products and should be prepared at one time. White cement should be selected according to the design requirements.

2. 1.2 fine aggregate: use all kinds of small crumbs of 8cm, such as dolomite crumbs and rosin crumbs with a particle size of about 2mm; Medium and coarse sand can also be used, and its silt content should not be greater than 3%.

2. 1.3 Pigment: Pigments with good light resistance and alkali resistance should be selected, such as iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, ultramarine and ochre. Pigments used in a project should be products produced by the same manufacturer, brand and batch, and should be prepared at one time.

2. 1.4 107 glue: solid content 10% ~ 12%, pH value 7 ~ 8, relative density1.05; Silicone: solid content 30%, pH value 13, relative density 1.23.

2. 1.5 wooden frame strips: according to the width required by the design, spare them in advance.

2. 1.6 yellow wax cloth and black tape: prepared as required.

2. 1.7 main machines and tools: small mechanical mixing barrel, 1 ~ 2 air compressors (displacement 0.6m3/mm, working pressure 60 ~ 80n/cm3), pressure hose (3/8 oxygen pipe available), connector, spray bucket, grouting tank, 3mm vibrating screen, etc.

Rubber roller and loose scraper with various patterns for roller coating.

A brush for a brush. There are also window screens, buckets, ash spoons, measuring scales, wooden trowels, iron trowels, chalk line bags, plaid strips, yellow wax cloth, black tape, wooden rulers, square feet, big bars, water brushes, combination pens, etc.

2.2 Operating conditions:

2.2. 1 doors and windows must be installed in advance according to the design position and elevation, and check whether the installation is firm and whether the gaps around the hole meet the requirements.

2.2.2 Deal with the wall foundation and waterproof nodes, complete the installation and embedment of rainwater pipe clamp and equipment wall pipe, and smooth, plug and dry the hole with cement mortar.

2.2.3 It is best to use double-row shelves or movable hanging baskets for scaffolding, and no feet, hands and eyes are allowed on the wall; Scaffolding poles are not less than 50cm away from the wall, and rows of boards are not less than 20cm away from the wall. The step height of scaffold should be suitable for the height of external wall frame.

2.2.4 According to the construction needs, prepare the corresponding machinery in advance, and connect the power supply for debugging in advance.

Spraying adopts two 0.6m3/mm air compressors, 1 3mm vibrating screen, two spray barrels and several meters of high-pressure air pipes.

According to the need, prepare a barrel-type bullet coating machine for bullet coating, and the high-pressure gas pipe is several meters.

Several rollers used for roller coating.

2.2.5 According to the design requirements, the samples of spraying, roller coating and bullet coating should be prepared in advance and meet the requirements after identification.

2.2.6 Do a good job of shielding the parts that do not spray or jump in advance, and prepare multiple shielding plates for standby.

2.2.7 During the operation, the temperature of the construction site shall not be lower than +5℃.

3 operation process

3. 1 process flow:

Basic treatment of wall surface → elastic thread, framing, gluing → mixed surface materials → spraying (roller coating, bullet coating) →

Demoulding → jointing → curing.

3.2 Treatment of base course: When the base course is a precast concrete external wall panel, it is necessary to brush the uneven edges and corners on the surface of the panel with water in advance, brush the cement slurry mixed with glue with water weight of 10% 107 at the repair place, and then smooth it with 1: 3 cement mortar, and make waterproof treatment. After careful treatment, the tank should be tested in the rain, and the next working procedure can be carried out without leakage.

The plastering of brick walls, aerated concrete walls and cast-in-place concrete walls at the grass-roots level shall be carried out according to the plastering technology of cement mortar for external walls. The following points should be noted:

3.2. 1 Control of the surface elevation of the bottom mortar: After the bottom mortar is plastered, the thickness of 12mm should be reserved for the surface layer, because considering that the cement mortar plastered on the surface layer is 8mm thick and the sprayed, rolled and sprayed layers are 2 ~ 4 mm thick.

3.2.2 Different surface coatings have different requirements for the quality of cement mortar surface.

3.2.2. 1 Spraying: the surface of cement mortar shall be leveled with a big bar and leveled with a wood trowel, with no holes and sand holes on the surface, even surface color and no scratches.

3.2.2.2 roller coating and bullet coating: the surface of cement mortar shall be leveled with a big bar, and there shall be no holes on the surface. The wood trowel shall be rubbed flat, and the iron trowel shall be calendered. When there is no clear water, dip the soft brush vertically in water and brush lightly. The surface color should be consistent, with no scratches and consistent brush marks.

According to the requirements of the drawings, the 3.2.2.3 grid lines shall be selected, and the grid strips shall be selected according to the width and depth of the seams. The position of the adhesive strip should be accurate, horizontal and vertical.

In the process of spraying, roller coating and bullet coating in 3.2.2.4, the parts that don't need to be coated should be covered to prevent pollution.

3.2.2.5 construction method: it is best to lay the bottom layer from top to bottom, then coat the cement mortar surface, and maintain it while coating, then lower the shelf to the bottom, and then raise the shelf, and spray, roll and bounce paint from top to bottom to ensure the paint color is consistent.

3.3 Material preparation:

3.3. 1 Sieve the cement and bag it for later use.

3.3.2 Stone chips (or medium coarse sand) and pigments respectively pass through the window screen. If the stone chips are large particles, they should be screened by 3mm first, then classified by weight, and then bagged and stored for later use.

3.3.3 According to the mixture ratio of ingredients, there should be someone who is responsible for mastering.

3.4 Surface construction:

3.4. 1 spraying surface layer:

3.4. 1. 1 mixing mortar: mix it with a small mechanical mixing barrel, and use the mortar as required for spraying. Firstly, cement and stone chips (or sand) are dry mixed evenly according to the volume ratio of 1: 2, then 107 glue solution with water weight of 10% is added and stirred evenly to make its consistency reach 1 1cm, and then 0.3% of cement weight is added into mortar.

3.4. 1.2 Rearrange the original border strips according to the positions of the original reserved border strips.

3.4. 1.3 spraying: in the hot and dry season, spray water before spraying, and start the air compressor to check whether the high-pressure air pipe leaks, and the pressure should be stabilized at about 0.6MPa. When spraying, the spray gun nozzle should be perpendicular to the wall, 30 ~ 50 cm away from the wall. Fill the mortar into the spray bucket, turn on the gas pipe switch, and spray the mortar on the wall with high-pressure air. If the pressure changes during spraying, the distance between the nozzle and the wall can be adjusted appropriately. Generally, particles can survive twice by spraying, the first time requires uniform spraying, and the thickness is about1.5 mm. After 1 ~ 2 hours, continue spraying for the second time to make them survive. It is required that the spraying color is consistent, the particles are uniform, no slurry is produced, the thickness is consistent, and the total thickness is controlled at 3 ~ 4 mm

Wave spray and spot spray: generally control three times of survival. It is enough for the base to change color for the first time, and the coating should not be too thick. If the wall foundation is uneven, you can use a wood trowel to rub the sprayed paint flat and repaint it; Spray to the bottom of the cover for the second time until the slurry does not flow; The surface is sprayed for the third time, and the surface is wavy, the mortar is full, not sagging, the color is consistent, and the total thickness is 3 ~ 4 mm

Flower point spraying is to spray a flower point on the surface layer sprayed on the wave surface, and after it is dried, spray it according to the design requirements to increase the texture of the surface layer.

3.4. 1.4 Stripping, repairing and jointing: After spraying, the frame shall be hoisted out in time, and the joints and jointing shall be cleaned according to the design requirements.

3.4. 1.5 spraying silicone: after 24 hours of survival, spray a layer of silicone water-retaining agent evenly on the surface, and spray evenly without flowing.

3.4.2 Roll coating surface:

3.4.2. 1 material mixing: the mixing ratio of roller-coated mortar is generally 1: 1: 0.2, that is, the volume ratio of cement to sand = 1: 1, and 20% of the cement weight is added. The specific method is as follows: sand is sieved and mixed with cement according to the volume ratio of 1: 1, and dry-mixed evenly; Then use 107 glue to mix with 20% water solution, the consistency is like sesame paste, and it is appropriate to pull it out without flowing or shedding hair. The mixed fine polymer cement mortar should be used after passing through the vibrating screen.

3.4.2.2: Sticking grid bars: Sticking grid bars again according to the original positions.

3.4.2.3 roller coating: When roller coating, you should master the dry humidity of the bottom layer. When it absorbs water quickly, you should add water to moisten it properly, and the water should not flow when rolling. When operating, two people cooperate. One person will scrape the diluted mortar prepared in advance, and then apply a thin layer with an iron trowel to make the coating uniform in thickness. The other person rolls it with a roller, otherwise the hair will not be pulled out when it is dry. When operating, the roller should not run too fast, and the force should be consistent. When surviving, the roller should be pulled from top to bottom, so that the patterns rolled out will have a natural downward water wave direction, reducing the dust on the wall.

3.4.2.4 peeling and joining: peeling should be started immediately after roll coating. If the external angle is needed, it should be carried out after a large area of work is completed.

3.4.2.5 Spray Silicone Water Reducer: Mix 500g of silicone and 4500g of water evenly, roll coat for 24 hours at room temperature, and then spray silicone. The spraying amount depends on the surface humidity. If it rains within 24 hours after spraying, the surface layer will be washed away, which will not achieve the desired effect and must be sprayed again.

3.4.3 Shot peening coating surface:

3.4.3. 1 background paste (weight ratio): ordinary cement 100, water 90, 107 glue 20, with the same pigment; White cement 100, water 80, 107, glue 13, pigment.

3.4.3.2 Toner Paste (weight ratio): cement 100, water 40, 107 glue 10, and pigment on the same board. According to the above ratio, the pigment and glue are evenly mixed, poured into cement and stirred into slurry.

3.4.3.3 glued the frame strips according to the design requirements.

3.4.3.4 Brush Priming Slurry: Brush the prepared priming slurry on the surface of the prepared cement mortar, and spray it with a spray nozzle during large-scale construction until it is evenly sprayed.

3.4.3.5 patch: inject the prepared color paste into a cylindrical elastic device, then turn the flat handle of the elastic device and throw the color paste onto the bottom color paste; When playing with color paste, different elastic devices should be installed according to different color paste, and each person operates one tube, which means that the first person plays with the first color paste, and the other person plays with another color paste later. The color points should be uniform and opposite to each other, and the color paste points should be approximately circular.

3.5 Winter construction: construction can be carried out in early winter, but not in severe cold.

3.5. 1 Winter plastering mortar should be mixed with hot water, and heat preservation measures should be taken, and the mortar temperature should not be lower than +5℃ when daubing.

3.5.2 Mortar plastering layer shall not be frozen at the initial stage of hardening, and spraying, roller coating and elastic coating shall not be frozen before hardening.

3.5.3 When the temperature is lower than 5℃, outdoor plastering mortar can be mixed with salt and calcium chloride which can reduce the freezing temperature, and its dosage is determined by design. The surface layer should be sprayed, roller coated and shot peened, and the dosage and variety of additives should be determined according to the test.

3.5.4 For the wall built by freezing method, outdoor plastering shall be carried out after it is completely thawed, and the frozen wall surface shall not be washed with hot water or the frost on the wall surface shall be eliminated with hot water.

3.5.5 In order to prevent the early freezing of the ash layer, plastering mortar shall not be mixed with plastering. In order to increase the workability of mortar, fly ash with the same volume can be used instead.

4 quality standards

4. 1 guarantee project: the variety and quality of materials must meet the design requirements; The plastering layer and the plastering layer must be firmly bonded with the matrix, and there shall be no defects such as delamination, hollowing and cracks.

4.2 Basic items:

4.2. 1 The surface colors of spray coating, roller coating and bullet coating are consistent, the pattern and color dot size are uniform, and there is no joint, missing coating, undercoating and sagging.

4.2.2 The width and depth of frame bars (seams) shall be uniform, and the bars (seams) shall be flat, with neat edges and corners, horizontal, vertical and smooth.

4.2.3 The slope direction of running water is correct, the drip line is straight, and the depth and width of drip tank are not less than 10mm, which is neat and consistent.

4.3 The allowable deviation items are shown in Table 9-9.

Table 9-9 Allowable deviations of spraying, roller coating and bullet coating

Inspection method of allowable deviation (mm) of the project

1 Inspection of vertical 5 2m support plate of facade

2. The surface is flat, 4 2m. Check with a ruler and wedge feeler gauge.

3. Check the 4 2m support plate with vertical angle of Yin and Yang.

4 Yin and Yang Angle founder 4 20cm square feet and wedge feeler check.

5 poles (seams) should be straight, 3 wires should be pulled in 5m, and 5 wires should be pulled in less than 5m for inspection.

5 finished product protection

5. 1 Before construction, doors, windows and walls that are not sprayed, rolled or sprayed shall be protected and sheltered.

5.2 After spraying and roller coating, protect the mouth and corners with boards in time to prevent collision and damage.

5.3 When removing the shelf, prevent the wall coating from being damaged.

5.4 During the construction of oil workers, it is forbidden to trample on the completed parts to prevent the oil tank from being knocked over and the paint from polluting the wall.

5.5 During indoor construction, prevent surface spraying, rolling and elastic pollution.

5.6 The outlets such as balcony and rain cover should be buried with hard plastic pipes, and it is best not to use iron pipes to prevent the surface from rusting.

6 Quality problems that should be paid attention to

6. The color of1is uneven, and the secondary repair is obvious: the main reasons are inaccurate mixture ratio and uneven mixing; Spraying, roller coating and sand blasting are different, or the coating thickness is different; Adopt a single exclusive shelf for construction, dismantle the shelf, stick hand-eye on the wall, add plaster, spray, roll and play. Because the water content of the plastering layer is different from that of the original plastering layer, the secondary repair of the surface layer causes obvious connection. Solution: the mixture ratio should be mastered by special personnel, the ingredients should be reasonable and the measurement should be accurate; The spraying, rolling and elastic surface layer construction shall be carried out by designated personnel, with the same construction method and thickness; When using this method for construction, it is forbidden to use single-row shelves; If double exclusive shelves are used for construction, it is also forbidden to press the brace against the wall, so as not to cause secondary repair of the ash layer and affect the beauty of the coating.

6.2 Blowing, rolling, hollowing and cracking on the elastic surface: The main reason is that the bottom plastering is not divided as required, and the area of cement mortar is too large, resulting in hollowing and cracking. The surface layer will crack because of the air crack at the bottom. Therefore, when plastering, it is necessary to divide the frame according to the requirements on the drawings to solve the shrinkage cracks of the ash layer.

6.3 Uneven bottom ash, or obvious grain: The main reason is that the coating is thin by spraying, roller coating and elastic coating, and the defects on the bottom ash cannot be covered by the surface layer. Therefore, after bottom ash plastering, it should be accepted according to the standard of cement mortar plastering, otherwise the surface coating can't be painted.

6.4 The surface construction is obviously connected with each other: the main reason is that the surface construction design is to throw the surface in the carriage or inconspicuous place, not at will, and the surface coatings are obviously connected with each other. Solution: During construction, if mortar is thrown, it must be thrown into the frame joint, expansion joint or inconspicuous place behind the pipe, and it is strictly forbidden to throw it into the block; Pay attention to the coating thickness during the secondary joint repair construction to avoid coating overlapping and forming different shades.

6.5 The color is very good during construction, and the pollution is serious during handover: the reason is that the color of the coating is not good, and the color changes after wind, rain and sun exposure, and the pollution is serious during handover, so it can't be seen. Solution: Choose pigments that are anti-ultraviolet, anti-aging and anti-Japanese light irradiation, and strictly control the amount of water added during construction. Do not add water at will to ensure the same color; In order to prevent the pollution of the surface layer, silicone is sprayed 24 hours after the coating is completed. And pay attention to the uniform thickness of silica gel spraying to prevent it from flowing or being too thick to form a flower feeling.

Disclosure:

Construction of marble, polished granite and precast terrazzo facing

1 range

This technology standard is applicable to the decoration engineering of indoor and outdoor walls, cylinders, door and window covers of civil and public buildings such as marble, polished granite and prefabricated terrazzo.

2 Construction preparation

2. 1 Material requirements:

2. 1. 1 cement: No.325 ordinary portland cement. There should be a factory certificate or a re-examination form. If it leaves the factory for more than three months, it should be used according to the test results.

2. 1.2 white cement: No.325 white cement.

2. 1.3 sand: coarse sand or medium sand, which should be screened before use.

2. 1.4 marble, polished granite, prefabricated terrazzo, etc. Prepare materials according to the specifications and colors required by the design and drawings. However, the surface shall not have defects such as hidden injury and weathering. It is not advisable to pack with materials that are easy to fade.

2. 1.5 Other materials: such as plaster of Paris, copper wire or galvanized lead wire, lead skin, hard plastic strips, supporting pendants (galvanized or stainless steel connectors, etc. ); It should also be matched with a proper amount of various stone slag and mineral pigments close to marble or polished granite and prefabricated terrazzo; 107 glue and special plastic hose for filling gaps in veneer, etc.

2.2 Main machines and tools:

2.2. 1 scale, iron plate, half bucket, small bucket, iron dustpan, flat shovel, handcart, plastic hose, rubber bowl, watering can, alloy steel flat chisel, alloy steel drill (φ5, for drilling), operating bracket, bench drill, molten iron level ruler, square ruler board, bottom ruler (3000 ~)

2.3 Operating conditions:

2.3. 1 Handle structural acceptance. Several tasks (water, electricity, ventilation, equipment installation, etc. ) to do it in front, the water and electricity needed to process the decorative board should be ready.

2.3.2 Play 50cm horizontal line on the interior wall (play plus or minus 0 on the outdoor wall, and play horizontal elevation control line on each floor).

2.3.3 Scaffolding hanging baskets should be set up in advance, and double-row shelves should be selected (hanging baskets should be used for outdoor high-rise buildings, and bridge shelves can be used for multi-floors, etc.). ), the horizontal and vertical rods and tie rods shall be apart from doors and windows 150 ~ 200mm. Shelf height should meet the construction requirements.

2.3.4 Door frames and window frames with door and window covers must be erected (the position is accurate, vertical and firm, and there is enough margin when installing marble). At the same time, use 1: 3 cement mortar to seal the gap. The caulking materials used for the edge seam of aluminum alloy door and window frame should meet the design requirements, and the caulking should be dense, and the protective film should be pasted in advance.

2.3.5 Marble, polished granite or precast terrazzo shall be stacked indoors after entering the site, with square timber under it, quantity and specification checked, and pre-paved, embossed and numbered. , so that it can be accessed according to the number when it is formally paved.

2.3.6 Before large-scale construction, the detailed construction drawings should be released first, and the samples should be made. After passing the appraisal by the quality inspection department, the design, Party A and the construction unit must reach an agreement through consultation. Before organizing the team to build according to the requirements of the model.

2.3.7 Check and accept the stone materials that enter the site. When the color is uneven, it should be selected, and if necessary, it should be tried.

3 operation process

3. 1 process flow:

3. 1. 1 thin small block (side length less than 40mm) process flow:

Grass-roots treatment → hanging vertically, setting square, finding rules and sticking ash cakes → plastering the bottom mortar → elastic line analysis →

Row block → soak block → stick block → pointing and plastering.

3. 1.2 large block (side length greater than 40mm) process flow:

Construction preparation (drilling and slotting → fixing with copper wire or galvanized wire → binding and fixing steel mesh →

Hanging vertically, finding rules to play lines → installing marble, polished granite or prefabricated terrazzo → grouting in layers → wiping seams.

3.2 Thin small pieces (thickness is generally less than 10mm): the side length is less than 40mm, and the pasting method can be used.

3.2. 1 For grass-roots treatment, erection, square finding and rules finding, please refer to the construction points of bricklaying in relevant parts for others. It should be noted that there should not be more than one row of incomplete bricks on the same wall, and they should be set in a hidden place.

3.2.2 When the base is wet, first brush 107 glue mud (mixed with 107 glue, water weight 10%), and then brush the base with a brush; The bottom ash is made of 1: 3 cement mortar with a thickness of about 12 mm, which is operated twice, the first time is about 5mm, and the second time is about 7 mm. After the bottom ash is compacted and leveled, the bottom ash surface is scraped.

3.2.3 After the base ash is solidified, it can be divided into blocks to play the line, and then the wet block is plastered with 2 ~ 3 mm thick plain cement slurry, adjusted with 20% by weight of 107 glue and water (rubber powder can also be used), tapped with a wooden hammer, leveled and aligned with a guiding rule.

3.3 Large-size block: When the side length is greater than 40mm and the pasting height is greater than 1m, the installation method can be adopted.

3.3. 1 Drilling and slotting: Before installation, drill holes for the decorative board with bench drill according to the design requirements, nail the wooden frame in advance, and drill holes on the upper and lower sides of each panel so that the drill bit faces the upper end of the board. The position of holes is 1/4 from both ends of the panel width, and two holes are drilled on each side, with a diameter of 5mm and a depth of 65438. Such as marble or precast terrazzo and polished granite, the number of holes can be increased when the width of the plate is larger. After drilling, gently carve the hole wall on the back of the slate with a diamond chisel, with a depth of about 5mm, and form an elephant trunk eye together with the hole sleeve with buried copper wire (Figure 9-6).

Figure 9-6 Schematic Diagram of Punching and Engraving Panel

If the specification of the decorative panel is large, especially the prefabricated terrazzo and polished granite panels, and the galvanized lead wire or copper wire at the lower end is difficult to control and bind, you can also use a portable small fine grinding wheel (4 ~ 5 mm) on the side where the decorative panel is not set, and open a groove at the top and bottom of the plate height 1/4 according to regulations (the groove length is about 3 ~ 4~5mm, and the groove depth is about/kloc-0.

3.3.2 threading steel wire or galvanized lead wire: cut the prepared copper wire or galvanized lead wire into a length of about 20 cm, stick epoxy resin on one end with a wooden wedge, mold the copper wire or galvanized lead wire into the hole and fix it firmly, and bend the copper wire or galvanized lead wire along the hole groove and lie in the groove at the other end. Therefore, there is no copper wire or galvanized lead wire protruding from the upper and lower end faces of marble, prefabricated terrazzo and polished patterned slate, and the joint with adjacent slate is tight.

3.3.3 Binding steel mesh: firstly, remove the embedded steel bars on the wall, and clean the wall with marble or prefabricated terrazzo. Tie a φ6 vertical steel bar first, and bend the tied vertical steel bar on the wall with embedded steel bars. Transverse reinforcement is used to bond marble or precast terrazzo and polish granite slabs. For example, when the board is 60cm high, the first transverse reinforcement is tied with the main reinforcement at 10cm above the ground, which is used to fix the copper wire or galvanized aluminum wire at the lower mouth of the first floor board. The second crossbar is tied at 7 ~ 8 cm of the 50cm horizontal line, which is 2 ~ 3 cm lower than the top of the slate. Used to tie copper wire or galvanized lead wire to the top of the first slate, and then tie a crossbar every 60cm.

3.3.4 Elastic line: First, on marble or precast terrazzo, polished granite walls, cylinders, doors and windows, elastic a big line from top to bottom to find verticality (high-rise buildings need theodolite to find verticality). The thickness of marble or precast terrazzo, polished granite slab, the gap of grouting mortar and the size of steel mesh should be considered. Generally, the thickness of marble or precast terrazzo and polished granite skin from the structural plane should be 5 ~ 7 cm. Find out the vertical line, and pop up the outline dimension line (cylinder and door window cover) of marble or precast terrazzo slab along the wall on the ground. This line is the installation datum line of the first layer of marble or precast terrazzo. Composition number marble or precast terrazzo board, etc. And draw the pay-off on the played datum line, leaving a gap of 1mm for each piece (for example, leave a seam according to the design requirements and leave a seam according to the design regulations).

3.3.5 Installation of marble or prefabricated terrazzo and polished granite: Take the slate according to the position, straighten the copper wire or galvanized lead wire, put the slate away, put the upper mouth of the slate outward, put the right hand into the back of the slate, and tie the copper wire or galvanized lead wire at the lower mouth of the slate to the crossbar. When binding, don't be too tight to leave a margin. Just bolt the copper wire or galvanized lead wire with the transverse reinforcement (it will be anchored after grouting), erect the slate, then bind the marble or prefabricated terrazzo, polish the copper wire or galvanized lead wire on the granite plate, and stabilize it with a wooden wedge. The gap between the block and the foundation (i.e. the grouting thickness) is generally 30 ~ 50 mm ... Check the adjustment wedge with a ruler board, then fasten the copper wire or galvanized lead wire, and proceed to the other side in turn. The cylinder can be installed clockwise, usually starting from the front. After the installation of the first floor, use a guide rule to find verticality, a spirit level to find flatness, and a square rule to find the angle of Yin and Yang. When installing slates, if the specifications of gray slates are inaccurate or the gaps between slates are inconsistent, lead pads should be used to make the gaps between slates uniform and consistent, so as to keep the first slate straight. After straightening, leveling and square finding, prepare plaster of Paris with a bowl, paste plaster of Paris in the form of porridge on marble or prefabricated terrazzo and polished granite slab, so that the two layers of slate can be integrated, and the wooden wedge can also paste plaster of Paris, and then use a ruler to check whether there is deformation. Grouting can be carried out only after plaster of Paris hardens (if a plastic hose with caulking is designed, it should be plugged before grouting).

3.3.6 Grouting: put the cement mortar with the mixing ratio of 65,438+0: 2.5 into half a vat and add water to make gruel (the consistency is generally 8 ~ 65,438+02 cm), then pour the slurry slowly with an iron dustpan, taking care not to touch the marble or precast terrazzo slab, and tap the slate surface with a rubber hammer while pouring, and discharge the injected mortar. The watering height of the first layer is 15cm, which cannot exceed1/3 of the board height; The first layer of grouting is very important, because it is necessary to anchor the lower copper wire of the slate and fix the slate, so it is necessary to handle it with care to prevent collision and pouring. If the slate moves, it should be removed and reinstalled immediately.

After the first injection 15cm, stop for 1 ~ 2h and wait for the initial setting of mortar. At this point, check whether there is movement, and then carry out the second grouting. Grouting height is generally 20 ~ 30cm, and grouting will continue after initial setting. Grout the third layer to 5 ~ 10 cm below the upper opening of the plate.

3.3.7 Seam wiping: After all slates are installed, remove all traces of gypsum and residual mortar, scrub with linen cloth, caulk with color paste according to the color of slates, and wipe clean while rubbing, so that the gaps are dense, uniform, clean and consistent in color.

3.3.8 Tiling: When installing cylindrical marble or precast terrazzo and polished granite, the procedures of line springing, drilling, steel binding and installation are the same as those of wall sticking. Before grouting, attention should be paid to nailing the wooden square into the trough-shaped wooden clip, and clamping both sides of the marble slab or precast terrazzo slab to prevent the marble slab or precast terrazzo slab and polished granite slab from bulging during grouting.

3.4 When installing outdoor marble or precast terrazzo and polished granite in summer, reliable measures should be taken to prevent exposure.

3.5 Winter construction:

3.5. 1 The caulking mortar shall be kept warm, and the temperature of the mortar shall not be lower than 5℃.

3.5.2 Grouting mortar should not be frozen at the initial stage of hardening. When the temperature is lower than 5℃, the outdoor mortar can be mixed with additives that can reduce the freezing temperature, and its dosage should be determined by experiments.

3.5.3 The wall constructed by freezing method can not be constructed until it is thawed.

3.5.4 During winter construction, the veneer shall be heated, or the drying shall be accelerated with hot air or a stove with a chimney. When hot air is used, ventilation equipment should be set to eliminate moisture. And designated persons for temperature control and management, heat preservation and maintenance for 7 ~ 9 days.

4 quality standards

4. 1 guarantee project:

4. 1. 1 The varieties, specifications, colors and patterns of decorative panels (marble, precast terrazzo and polished granite) must meet the design requirements and the provisions of relevant standards.

4. 1.2 The installation (sticking) of the decorative panel must be firm, and it is forbidden to empty the drum, without skew, missing corners and cracks.

4.2 Basic items:

4.2. 1 surface: smooth and clean, with consistent color.

4.2.2 Joints: The filler is dense and straight, with the same width and color. The board pressing direction at the corner of Yin and Yang is correct, and the use position of the whole board is appropriate.

4.2.3 sleeve cutting: the whole plate sleeve is used for cutting and matching, and the edges are neat; Dado, close to face, etc. The flow is smooth, and the protruding wall thickness is consistent.

4.2.4 Wave direction and drip line: the slope direction of flowing water is correct; Drip line is straight.

4.3 Allowable deviation items of marble, polished granite and precast terrazzo; See Table 9-30;

5. 1 After the installation of marble, polished granite, prefabricated terrazzo cylinder and door and window cover, all external corners on the surface shall be protected with wooden boards in time. At the same time, it is necessary to clean up the mortar remaining in the door window frame and the fan in time. Especially for aluminum alloy door and window frames and fans, the protective film should be pasted in advance to prevent pollution.

5.2 After marble, polished granite and prefabricated terrazzo board are pasted on the wall, the wall should be protected with stickers or plastic films in time to ensure that the wall is not polluted.

5.3 The veneer bonding layer shall be protected from air drying, sun exposure, water flushing, impact and vibration before setting.

5.4 When removing the shelf, be careful not to collide with the wall.

6 Quality problems that should be paid attention to

6. 1 Uneven joints and excessive height difference: The main reasons are poor base treatment, poor plate quality selection, careless trial assembly before installation, improper construction operation and excessive grouting by stages, which may easily cause the slabs to move out or the plate surface to move, resulting in uneven joints and excessive height difference.

6.2 Empty drum: It is mainly caused by insufficient and dense grouting. If the grouting consistency is large, the mortar cannot flow or the place is empty due to the obstruction of steel mesh; If the mortar is too thin, on the one hand, it is easy to cause slurry leakage or empty drum due to the gap formed by water evaporation; Finally, when cleaning gypsum, the planing force is too large, which makes the plate vibrate and empty; Lack of maintenance, premature dehydration, will also produce empty drums and so on.

6.3 Cracking:

6.3. 1 Some marbles have poor quality and many color lines. When the embedded parts are incorrect, there are few gaps between the upper and lower walls, which are often affected by various external forces, resulting in hidden cracks with colored lines or other hidden injuries, resulting in irregular cracks.

6.3.2 When sticking to the wall cylinder, the gap between the upper and lower parts is small, and the structure is compressed and deformed, which makes the facing slate crack under vertical pressure. Construction should be carried out after the settlement of walls, tubes and load-bearing structures is stable, especially at the top and bottom. When installing the plate, a certain gap should be left to prevent the structure from being compressed and the panel from cracking due to direct bearing.

6.4 Wall pollution: The main reason is that the blocks are polluted by dirt such as mortar during handling and operation, and are not cleaned up in time, or the finished products are not well protected after installation. Wipe it by hand to avoid polluting the board for too long. In addition, acid and alkali chemicals and colored liquids should be prevented from directly contacting marble and other surfaces, causing pollution.

6.5 If a large area of decorative board is set outdoors and directly exposed to the sun, it is recommended to use dry hanging method for construction, which can not only keep the original decorative board clear and beautiful, but also prevent the decorative board from falling off due to temperature changes. If the traditional wet hanging operation is adopted, it is suggested to consider and set deformation joints (such as framing method or slab joint method) in the design. ), in order to prevent cracks and block falling off due to thermal expansion and contraction, it is also suggested to take measures to prevent block alkalization.