World famous architects and their representative works

Chinese-American architect I.M. Pei (19 17-) was born in Guangzhou on April 26th, 2007. His ancestor was a noble family in Suzhou, and he once spent a childhood in the family-owned Suzhou Garden Lion Forest. His father is Bei Zuyi, one of the founders of China Bank. /kloc came to Shanghai with his father at the age of 0/0, and went to the United States at the age of 0/8. He studied architecture at MIT and Harvard University successively, established an architectural firm at 1955, and retired at 1990.

style

As the last "master" of modernist architecture, he was described as an architect who paid attention to abstract forms. His favorite materials include stone, concrete, glass and steel.

As one of the most successful architects in the 20th century, I.M. Pei designed a large number of landmark buildings. I.M. Pei is a practical architect with many works and few papers. The influence of his works on architectural theory is basically limited to his works.

brief introduction

I.m. Pei1917 was born in Guangzhou on April 26th. 19 18 His father became the general manager of China Bank Hong Kong Branch, and Bayes spent his childhood in Hong Kong. 1927 father's job was transferred and his family moved to Shanghai. He attended Shanghai Youth Annual Meeting Middle School in junior high school, graduated from the middle school affiliated to St. John's University in senior high school, and then went to the University of Pennsylvania in the United States. Because he thought he had no talent for painting, he transferred to MIT in Cambridge. Berlusconi buried himself in the library and tried to absorb information related to modern European architecture. Kirby's works are his favorite, and the sculpture of his future works is also deeply influenced by Kirby. 1939 graduated.

I.M. Pei, an American Chinese, is known as the "three treasures of art" of overseas Chinese, together with French Chinese painter Zhao Wuji and American Chinese composer Zhou Wenzhong. Some people may say that architecture is a science, why should it be juxtaposed with art? However, everyone in the architectural field knows that I.M. Pei is not only an outstanding architect, but also built many magnificent palaces with pens and rulers. He is an extremely idealistic architectural artist who is good at combining ancient traditional architectural art with the latest modern technology to create his own unique style. I.M. Pei himself said: "Although architecture and art are different, they are essentially the same. My goal is to seek the harmony and unity of them." Facts have proved that the persistent pursuit of architectural art is an important aspect of his career success.

I.M. Pei was born in Guangzhou on April 26th of 19 17. His ancestors were Suzhou aristocrats, and his father Bei Zuyi was the president of China Bank. 19 19, I.M. Pei went to Hong Kong to establish the Bank of China Hong Kong Branch. So, I spent my childhood in Hong Kong and studied in Sao Paulo Primary School. /kloc-after 0/927, he went back to Shanghai to study in middle school, and then studied at St. John's University in Shanghai. 1935, he crossed the ocean to study in the United States. His father had hoped that he would go to England to study finance, but he did not obey his father's orders, but entered Pennsylvania State University to study architecture according to his hobbies.

Why is he interested in architecture? It was also an accident. When he was studying in Shanghai, he often went to a billiard hall to play billiards on weekends. The tallest hotel in Shanghai was being built near the billiard hall at that time. This aroused his curiosity: how could anyone have the ability to build such a tall building, from which he had the ideal of learning architecture.

However, I.M. Pei was very disappointed with the teaching method of explaining classical architectural theory with pictures in the University of Pennsylvania. He transferred to MIT, graduated with honors in 1939, and won an award from the American Institute of Architects. After the outbreak of World War II, he served in the US Air Force for three years, retired in 1944, and entered Harvard University, a famous institution of higher learning, to study for a master's degree. 1945 After studying abroad, he stayed in school and was hired as an assistant professor of design institute.

I.M. Pei entered the field of practical architecture from a purely academic ivory tower in 1948. This year, new york visionary and courageous real estate developer William? Chaigendorf broke the convention of American architecture and hired I.M. Pei from China as an architect and the founder of Weber for the first time? Director of architectural research department of knapp construction company. Chai Gendorf and I.M. Pei, one is an experienced, eloquent and extremely intelligent real estate builder, and the other is an architect with professional knowledge and great creativity. They cooperate and complement each other, and they are ideal partners in their careers. They worked together for twelve years. In the past 12 years, I.M. Pei has designed many commercial and residential buildings for Chaigendov's real estate company, and also made many social reconstruction plans. During this period, I.M. Pei also designed a science building for his alma mater, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and two faculty and staff residential buildings for new york University. All of these made I.M. Pei make his first appearance in American architecture, and laid the foundation for his career in the following decades.

1960, I.M. Pei left Chaigendorf and set up his own construction company.

He is most praised for his concern for the interests of civilians in architectural design. He has designed many popular apartments in new york, Philadelphia, Cleveland and Chicago, which are both beautiful and economical. The three-story social apartment he designed in Philadelphia is very popular with the working class. Therefore, Rice University in Philadelphia awarded him the honorary title of "People's Architect" in 1963. In the same year, the American Architectural Society awarded him the new york Honorary Award. Washington post called his architectural design an urban plan that really serves the people.

With the booming business of his construction company, his main design force has gradually shifted from urban reconstruction scheme to the design of giant public buildings. The National Center for Atmospheric Research, built in the mountains of Colorado in the 1960s, can be said to be the beginning of his design of public buildings. The center was established in 196 1 year and completed in 1967. Its shape is simple and vigorous, and the tower-shaped roof makes the building itself like a towering mountain peak, which is in harmony with the surrounding environment. Newsweek published its photos, calling Pei's design a "breakthrough design".

In his early works, there was a shadow of Miss Smith, but unlike Miss Smith, she used glass as the main building material, and she used concrete, such as Franklin National Bank of new york, Zhenxin Square Residential Area and Hawaiian East-West Cultural Center. In the middle period, after years of experience, Bayes completely mastered the properties of concrete, and his works tend to be Kirby's Italian sculptures, among which the National Center for Atmospheric Research and Dallas City Hall are both classics in this respect. The Kennedy Memorial Library is the origin of Bayes' departure from the Mies style, and the geometric plane has replaced the regular square box and turned into a sculptural shape. Later, he had the opportunity to become the exclusive architect of Chisholm Weiner Company, engaged in large-scale urban construction projects. From these development projects, he gained valuable land use experience, which made his architectural design not only consider the building itself, but also raise the concern of the environment to the level of urban design, and pay attention to creating community awareness and community space. One of the most popular cases is the Social Ridge residential district in Philadelphia, and the cases they accept are mainly office buildings and collective houses. Later, with the approval of Qi's Group, Bayes reorganized the Department of Architecture into Pei Ming Architects' Office on 1955 and began to practice independently. The office * * * handled 1 14 design cases, of which Bayes was responsible for 66 cases.

The building integrates the concept of natural space, leading Bayes' life-long works, such as National Center for Atmospheric Research, Iversen Art Museum, Demoy Art Center Sculpture Museum and Cornell University Johnson Art Museum. The similarity of these works is the inner courtyard, which connects the inner and outer spaces in series and integrates nature into the building. In the later period, the inner courtyard is still one of the indispensable elements in Bayes' works, and the curtain pays more attention to the input of natural light, making the inner courtyard a light hall, such as the Changchun Hall of Xiangshan Hotel, the foyer of Armenco IBM in new york, the atrium of China Bank in Hong Kong, the Guggenheim Pavilion of new york Sainai Hospital, the glass pyramid of the Louvre in Paris, and the economic center of creative artists in Beverly Hills. The combination of light and space makes space change endlessly. "Let light design" is a famous saying of Bayesian.

As a master of modernist architecture, Bayesian architecture has always adhered to the tradition of modern architecture for more than forty years. Bayesian firmly believes that architecture is not a popular fashion, and it is impossible to keep changing tricks to please people. Architecture is a Millennium undertaking and should be responsible for social history. He continued to study and discuss form, space, building materials and technology, making his works more diverse and excellent. He never defended his design, never wrote his own works to explain and analyze concepts, and he thought that architecture itself was the best declaration. Bayes' personal important awards include: 1979 Gold Award of American Architecture Society,198/French Architecture Gold Award, 1989 Imperial Japan Award, 1983 Fifth Pritzker Award, and President Reagan's 1986.

Chronology of I.M. Pei's architectural works;

1956- 1963 No.1 Hall, Donghai University Road West, Taichung City, Taiwan Province Province.

196 1 year-1967 National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado.

1962- Mary Square, Montreal, Canada

Christian Science Center in Boston, Massachusetts, 1968- 1974

1968- everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, NY

1969- Cleo Rogers Memorial Library, Columbus, Indiana

John Hancock Center, Chicago, Illinois, 1969- 1975

197 1 year-harbour tower

1972- City Hall, Dallas, Texas, USA

1973- Johnson Art Museum, Cornell University, Ithaca, new york

East Hall of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. 1974- 1978

1976- Wilson Common, university of rochester, rochester, new york: The New York Times was selected as the top ten university student activity center building in the United States at that time.

1977- Hancock Building, Boston, Massachusetts

At that time, the all-glass curtain wall building with the largest single glass area, because the glass curtain wall technology was not mature enough at that time, there was a glass falling accident in the early stage of the building, which was solved after technical improvement.

1978- 1982 Indiana university art museum, Bloomington, Indiana.

Javits Convention and Exhibition Center, new york, NY 1979- 1986

198 1 year-JP Morgan building, Houston, Texas

1982- Xiangshan Hotel, China.

This hotel is the first work of foreign architects in China after China's reform and opening-up, and it has also set off a great discussion on the combination of China's traditional architecture and modernism in China.

Bank of China Building, Hong Kong 1982- 1990

At that time, the tallest building in Hong Kong was twice as large as the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation designed by norman foster, and its cost was less than one fifth.

1985- wisner Building, Media Lab, Massachusetts.

1989- Expansion Project of Louvre in Paris, France

Paris is one of the top ten projects to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution, and it is also the only project entrusted by French President Francois Mitterrand without bidding.

1990- German History Museum in Berlin, Germany.

1995- Beijing China Bank Head Office.

Sanbao Museum, Kaga City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan 1996- 1997

1998- Cleveland, Ohio Rock Music Hall of Fame

2002-Suzhou Museum, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China

2004-Chinese Embassy in the United States, Washington, D.C.

2006-Macau Science Museum, Macau, China.

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