Fire escape map knowledge!

Fire escape common sense Fire escape common sense If you live or work in a high-rise building, you have to read the following escape common sense. The first is to prevent choking, and cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel when you escape. After a sudden fire, we should seize the favorable opportunity, choose a reasonable escape route and method, race against time to escape from the fire, and never hesitate or turn back to grab property, so as not to delay the best escape opportunity. Never get under the bed, in the closet or in the attic to avoid flames or smoke. These are the most dangerous places. Never use ordinary elevators as evacuation routes, because elevator shafts are prone to stack effect or power failure, which will put people in a more dangerous situation. When you run away, you can soak the towel and fold it to cover your nose and mouth. When there is no water, you can also dry the towel. Napkin cloth, masks and clothes can also be substituted. It is necessary to stack several more layers to increase the smoke filtering area, and cover your nose and mouth tightly to prevent carbon monoxide from choking to death. Specific to the fire scene, but also for different fires, to find a good way to escape: ● After learning that the room has a fire. Touch the door handle lock with your hand before opening the door. If the temperature is high, or there is smoke coming through the door, don't open the door hastily. If the temperature is normal or there is no smoke, you can open a door and observe the situation of the outside passage before deciding whether to escape. If fire and smoke can't escape from the closed passage, they can only retreat indoors and take corresponding countermeasures: block the gap between doors and windows with wet cloth and pour water on the burning doors and windows to cool down; If you can't get timely rescue, don't jump off a building blindly on high floors. When the fire started on this floor. Run to the known emergency exit as soon as possible and close the fire door in time. If the corridor is blocked or surrounded by smoke, you can bend over or crawl to escape from the fire. It is best to cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel or clothes to prevent toxic smoke. If you must pass through the flame area, remember to wet your clothes with water, wrap your whole body with a wet blanket or wrap your head with wet clothes. If your clothes catch fire, put out the fire by rolling, etc. It is not advisable to run with fire. ● When the fire point is not on this floor. You should still evacuate to the nearest emergency exit. If the fire is upstairs, you should escape to the downstairs. If the fire point is located in the lower floor, and the fire and smoke have blocked the downward escape passage, you should escape to the roof platform as soon as possible; If you find that the passage caught up or up by fire and smoke is blocked when you escape to the roof platform, you should change the escape route decisively and escape from the safe passage on another floor. ● When trapped on the floor surrounded by fire. If you are on a floor surrounded by fire, all safe passages and external connections are cut off, and there are no escape devices or facilities, it is best to retreat to the bathroom for temporary refuge. After entering the bathroom, the doors and windows should be closed tightly, the gap should be blocked tightly, and the faucet should be unscrewed to drain water. In particular, the bathtub should always maintain a high water level, which is convenient for taking water and reversing doors and windows. In case of emergency, you can also lie in the bathtub for temporary shelter to improve the possibility of being rescued. ● You can jump off a building and escape on the lower floor. If you live on the second floor, you can jump to escape if necessary. But before jumping off the building, you can throw some soft items such as quilts and mattresses on the ground, or tear sheets, curtains and other fabrics into load-bearing strips and connect them into ropes, and tie them to the components of windows or balconies and slide down the stairs. If you are trapped above the third floor, don't jump off the building. Fire safety knowledge: 1. What is fire? The burning phenomenon that the development process of fire is out of control in time and space, causing material losses and casualties is called fire. The development process of indoor fire started from the early stage. Generally, during solid combustion, the fire source area is not large within 10- 15 minutes, the convection speed of flue gas is slow, the flame is not high, and the fire spreads slowly around. This is the best time to put out the fire. In the development stage, if the initial fire is not controlled and put out in time, the combustion intensity will increase, the temperature will rise, and the combustible will be heated and burned quickly. In the most intense stage, with the extension of combustion time, the combustion temperature rises sharply, the combustion speed increases continuously, and the combustion area expands rapidly, which makes the combustion develop to the most intense stage. When the combustion reaches its climax, the flame surrounds all the fires, which is the most complicated and disastrous. In the self-interest stage, if he is not rescued, he will die by himself. Second, how to prevent fires According to statistics, more than 90% of the fires in the country are caused by illegal operations. Therefore, fire prevention must be carried out in strict accordance with the operating procedures, and fire prevention should be carried out in every post. 1, the guest room staff should do the following: 1. 1 Building decoration materials should be treated with fire prevention, and non-combustible or flame retardant materials should be used. 1.2 Always check that the wires, switches and sockets of the electrical circuit shall not be overloaded with electricity. Found loose, lighter, smell, to repair in time, to prevent fire. 1.3 It is forbidden for passengers to bring inflammable and explosive articles into the guest room. Passengers are not allowed to use their own electrical appliances. 1.4 garbage burning is not allowed in the building. If you need to use fire, you need to declare the hot card to the security department. 1.5 discourage passengers from littering cigarette butts, smoking in bed, and cut off the power when leaving the room. 2. Fire prevention in restaurants and kitchens: 2. 1 Always check the safety of electrical appliances and lamps, and put enough ashtrays or trash cans to prevent guests from littering cigarette butts. 2.2 When using liquefied gas, gas and oil, always check. If any leakage is found, first close the valve. At the same time, it is forbidden to open fire or nail, pull the power switch. 2.3 electrical equipment should be checked frequently, and overload operation is not allowed to prevent short circuit. 2.4 Fried food should be absolutely isolated from other open flames when frying, so as to prevent edible oil from overflowing or Mars from catching fire. After work, the gas and oil valves should be closed, and the fire source and power supply should be cut off. 3. Fire prevention of electrical equipment: 3. 1 Installation and wiring of various electrical appliances must comply with safety regulations and can only be put into use after testing and debugging. 3.2 Refrigerator, washing machine, meat grinder, etc. Should be grounded, the power distribution room should be fireproof, and equipped with fire-fighting equipment with good performance. 3.3 Where all kinds of lamps and lanterns are close to the wooden keel, asbestos pad or asbestos board should be added as insulation layer. 3.4 It is strictly forbidden for non-electrical workers and passengers to connect electricity privately. 3.5 welders must have a working license. Third, the application of hotel fire-fighting equipment 1, the scope and method of use of dry powder fire extinguishers. 1. 1 The English letters on the dry powder fire extinguisher stand for extinguishing substances, A stands for extinguishing solid fires, B stands for extinguishing flammable gas and liquid fires, and C stands for extinguishing electrical fires and live circuit fires. 1.2 dry powder fire extinguisher (BC type) can be used to put out the initial fire of flammable, combustible liquids, gases and charged equipment, and dry powder fire extinguisher (ABC type) can also put out the fire of solid substances. But it can't put out light metal fires. 1.3 Usage: When extinguishing the fire, lift the portable dry powder fire extinguisher to the fire site, pull open the latch of the pull ring, aim the nozzle at the root of the flame and press the knob, and dry powder can be sprayed out to extinguish the fire. Powder spraying should be promoted from near and far, and swept from left to right, so as not to make the flame flee back. When putting out the oil fire, don't hit the oil surface when spraying powder to prevent splashing and make it difficult to put out the fire. The effective spraying distance of 3 kg is 2.5 meters, and the spraying time is 8 seconds. You can't let go when you press the handle, otherwise the spraying will be interrupted and dry powder can't be sprayed. 2. 12 1 1 scope and method of use of fire extinguisher: 2.121kloc-0/fire extinguisher refers to a fire extinguisher equipped with halon fire extinguishing agent, which is mainly used to extinguish the initial fire of flammable, combustible liquids, gases and charged equipment, and cannot be used for bamboo and electric equipment. It is especially suitable for putting out the initial fires of precision instruments, computers, precious cultural relics and valuable warehouse materials, and can be used to put out the initial fires of automobiles, hotels and other places. 2.2 Usage: When using portable fire extinguisher 12 1 1, the portable fire extinguisher should be quickly rushed to the fire point. Pull out the safety bolt first, hold the handle tightly with your right hand, and spray dry powder to put out the fire. Powder spraying should be promoted from near and far, and swept from left to right, so as not to make the flame flee back. When putting out the oil fire, don't hit the oil surface when spraying powder to prevent splashing and make it difficult to put out the fire. The effective spraying distance of 3 kg is 2.5 meters, and the spraying time is 8 seconds. You can't let go when you press the handle, otherwise the spraying will be interrupted and dry powder can't be sprayed. 2. 12 1 1 scope and method of use of fire extinguisher: 2.121kloc-0/fire extinguisher refers to a fire extinguisher equipped with halon fire extinguishing agent, which is mainly used to extinguish the initial fire of flammable, combustible liquids, gases and charged equipment, and cannot be used for bamboo and electric equipment. It is especially suitable for putting out the initial fires of precision instruments, computers, precious cultural relics and valuable warehouse materials, and can be used to put out the initial fires of automobiles, hotels and other places. 2.2 Usage: When using portable fire extinguisher 12 1 1, the portable fire extinguisher should be quickly rushed to the fire point. First, unplug the safety bolt, hold the pressure handle with the right hand, hold the nozzle at the front end of the injection hose with the left hand (hold the bottom of the fire extinguisher with the left hand without the injection hose) and aim at the burning place for injection. When putting out the fire, aim the nozzle at the root of the flame, from near to far, from left to right, and advance quickly until the flame is extinguished. Spraying distance 1 kg 2.5 m, 2 kg 3.5 m, 4 kg 4.5 m, spraying time 6-8 seconds. 3. Application of fire hose: Before using fire hose to extinguish fire, you can press the alarm button in the fire box first. When the fire center receives the alarm, it should pay attention to the pressure alarm. When the pressure loss alarm is reported, the fire pump should be started to replenish water to extinguish the fire. Firefighters need to pull out the hose. When installing the fire spray gun, two people are required to hold the water gun. Another person needs to install a fire hose, open the fire hydrant valve and put out the fire. When using, do not let the fire hose roll, but keep it clear. Iv. fire alarm method when the number of fires is 1, the initial fire should be reported to the fire control center immediately. Call: 1 19, press the fire alarm button on the wall of the staff elevator room, and report the fire location, burning substance and fire size. The fire center will send someone to help put out the fire. At the same time, we should make full use of fire-fighting equipment to put out the fire. 2. When the fire center receives the fire alarm from the smoke detector and the temperature detector, it will call each part for inquiry. How to distinguish and check? After receiving the call, the floor staff should look at the instructions on the smoke detector to confirm whether the light is on. If the red light on the smoke detector that reported the fire lights up, they will know that the smoke detector reported the fire. Staff should carefully check whether there are any abnormal phenomena such as burning, smoking and fire around. If the inspection is normal, report to the fire center. If there is smoke, smell and fire, immediately organize personnel to use fire extinguishers to put out the fire. To report the situation to the fire center in time, according to the first. 5. How to organize fire fighting in case of fire? When a fire breaks out, the fire control center shall notify the relevant leaders in time after receiving the alarm, and organize personnel to put out the fire at the scene. The fire control center will broadcast fire broadcasts to organize passengers to evacuate, and send people to protect the scene, and report the fire fighting situation to the municipal fire brigade in time according to the fire. 6. How to organize the evacuation of guests in case of fire? The floor staff should hear the fire broadcast and inform the guests to evacuate to a safe place in an orderly manner. In general, staff should pay attention to the following questions: 1. The safe evacuation passage of our hotel is the staircase room outside the staff elevator room. Because of the pressurized air supply and staircase window, the stairs are opened for self-smoke extraction, and the stairwell is kept as a smoke-free area for safe evacuation. Close the fire door immediately after passing to prevent smoke from following people. In case of fire, no one is allowed to take the elevator. 2, floor staff after hearing the fire broadcast, to stabilize the mood of the guests, told the best evacuation route, evacuation methods and evacuation must pay attention to; 3, service personnel must send five layers of folded wet towel to the guests, cover your nose and mouth, under the guidance of the staff, evacuated from the fire. The tour leader can lead the guests to leave the room by rope traction or shouting; 4. In case of heavy smoke, do a good job of protection and low-key evacuation. You can cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and crawl through the dense smoke area at a low position. If you have difficulty breathing, you can't take off your towel. 5. People below the third floor can throw indoor sheets or quilts and mattresses downstairs, hold the windowsill downstairs with their hands, and use the downspout to escape; 6. If the people above cannot escape, close the doors and windows, block the doors with wet blankets and quilts, and water the doors and windows for rescue. Don't jump off a building; 7. If there is a fire, you can take off your clothes or roll on the ground to put out the fire. Don't run, don't shout, so the poison gas will be inhaled more. 7. How do staff protect themselves in case of fire? In case of fire, the staff should protect themselves so as to better evacuate guests and help others. Do the following: 1. After receiving the smoke alarm from the fire center, first check whether there is smoke outside the door. If there is no smoke, touch the door with your hand to see if it is hot. If there is no heating, open the door carefully, open a crack and see what is going on inside. If there is a lot of smoke inside, close the door in time and call the police quickly, and bring a fire extinguisher and cover your mouth with a towel. If there is nothing unusual, check the room carefully. 2. In case of fire, be calm and inform the guests to evacuate in time. You should inform all the rooms under your jurisdiction. If the room is really empty, you should also evacuate the dangerous area quickly. The staff should also escape according to the guest's escape method. 8. What items should the hotel store and set up a restricted area? Hotels should store flammable, explosive and chemical drugs in designated places and set up restricted areas. 9. The requirements for the safety service of service personnel are: 1. Service personnel should be familiar with the hotel's safety facilities, know the use of fire-fighting equipment, know the basic electrical knowledge, and know the relevant safety operation procedures; 2, service personnel should stick to their posts, keep the room key, are not allowed to bring relatives and friends into the hotel; 3, in the daily service, room arrangement, etc., should always check, pay attention to fireworks and flammable, dangerous goods, electrical equipment and other unsafe factors, found that the problem timely processing, reporting and making records; 4, security work should be tight inside and loose outside, familiar with the characteristics of the guests in this building, found that visitors and hotel guests have abnormal words and deeds, timely notify the neighboring departments to cooperate with the guards and report. X. Guidelines and principles of fire control work The policy of fire control work is "prevention first, combining prevention with elimination"; The principle of hotel fire control work is "the combination of specialized agencies and the masses". Eleven, fire control "three understandings", "three meetings" content three understandings: know the harm of fire, know the preventive measures, know how to put out the fire. Third meeting: I will call the police, use fire-fighting equipment and take emergency evacuation measures. Fire fighting facilities of the hotel: fire hydrant, fire extinguisher, automatic sprinkler system, automatic smoke alarm system, positive pressure air supply system, etc. Thirteen, the basic methods of fire fighting 1, there are four basic methods of fire fighting, namely cooling method, suffocation method, isolation method and inhibition method. 2. Cooling fire extinguishing method: spray the fire extinguisher directly on the combustible, so as to lower the temperature of the combustible below the self-ignition point, thus stopping the combustion. 3. Isolation fire extinguishing method: isolate or evacuate combustible materials from nearby, so as to stop burning. 4. Asphyxiation fire extinguishing method: take appropriate measures to prevent air from entering the combustion zone, or dilute the oxygen content in the air with inert gas, so that the burning substance will be extinguished due to lack of oxygen or oxygen. 5. Suppression fire extinguishing method: chemical fire extinguishing agent is sprayed into the combustion zone to participate in the combustion reaction, so as to prevent the chain reaction and stop the combustion reaction.