Han Yu’s poems, stories and information

An advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. Su Shi in the Song Dynasty called him "the author of the Eight Dynasties' decline" (referring to Han Yu's ancient prose which boosted the sluggish writing style of the Eight Dynasties.). People in the Ming Dynasty praised him as one of the eight great writers of prose in the Tang and Song Dynasties. First, together with Liu Zongyuan, they were called "Han Liu". Du Mu put Han script and Du poetry together and called them "Du Shi Han Bi". He is the author of forty volumes of "Han Changli Collection", ten volumes of "Waiji Collection", "Shi Shuo", etc. Later generations spoke highly of Han Yu and respected him as the head of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties. Du Mu juxtaposed Korean writing with Du's poetry and called it "Du's poetry and Hanbi"; Su Shi called him "the rise of literature in eight generations and the decline of poetry". The ancient prose movement advocated by Han Liu opened up the development path of ancient prose since the Tang Dynasty. Korean poetry strives for novelty, emphasis on momentum, and originality. Han Yu used literature as poetry, introduced new ancient Chinese language, composition, and techniques into the poetry world, enhanced the expressive function of poetry, expanded the field of poetry, and corrected the mediocre poetry style since the Dali (766-780).

Han Yu

Han Yu's name is "Yu". Speaking of the name and the name, there is a good story. Han Yu's parents died young and he was raised by his brother and sister-in-law since he was a child. Soon it was time to enter school, and her sister-in-law Zheng wanted to give her brother a beautiful and elegant scientific name. On this day, Zheng opened the book and picked a word on the left because she thought it was not good, and on the right she thought it was too vulgar. After picking it up, half an hour passed, but I still hadn't chosen a satisfactory scientific name for my brother. Han Yu stood aside and watched. Seeing that his sister-in-law was having trouble naming him, he asked, "Sister-in-law, what do you want to name me?" Zheng said: "Your eldest brother is named Hui, and your second brother is named Jie. Hui and Jie are both." The word "human" as the head symbolizes that they should be the leader of the crowd, the meeting means gathering, and the introduction means uprightness. The meanings are very good. The third brother's scientific name also needs to have the word "human" as the head, and the meaning needs to be more particular. Han Yu After hearing this, she immediately said: "Sister-in-law, you don't need to read the calligraphy book. The word 'yu' with the human character as the beginning is the best. I will call you Han Yu." Upon hearing this, Mrs. Zheng hurriedly folded the calligraphy together. He went up and asked his younger brother: "What is the good meaning of the word Yu?" Han Yu said, "Yue means transcendence. When I grow up, I must do something great. I will surpass the ancients and no one will come after me. I will never be mediocre." Sister-in-law After hearing this, he clapped his hands and exclaimed: "Good! Good! You really know how to name, what a good word 'Yu'!" How could Han Yu give himself such a beautiful and elegant name? It turned out that he had been smart since he was a child and had read a lot of scriptures. He began to read literature at the age of three. He could memorize thousands of words every day. He had read all the works of various scholars before he was seven years old. His extraordinary talent and cultural literacy enabled him to set his lofty ambitions early. The word "healing" is the expression of his youthful ambition. When he was nineteen years old, he was already a talented and energetic young man. This year happened to be the opening of the imperial examination. Mrs. Zheng packed his luggage and sent him to Beijing to take the examination. After arriving in the capital, he maintained his talent and thought that he would win by entering the market, and he never ignored his companions. As a result, others passed the exam, but he failed. Later, he lived in Beijing for several years, took the exam four times in a row, and finally got the 13th place. After that, after three consecutive palace examinations, he still didn't get any official position. Since he had already spent all his money, he moved from Kyoto to Luoyang to find friends for help. In Luoyang, friends helped him get engaged, and he got engaged to Miss Lu, who was both talented and beautiful. Miss Lu's father was a highly respected military officer from Henan Prefecture. Han Yu lived in his house and planned to choose an auspicious day to marry Miss Lu. Miss Lu is lively and frank by nature. On the one hand, she admires Han Lang's talent, but on the other hand, she is worried about Han Lang's arrogance. She had thought many times that if she wanted her husband to do something in the future, she should persuade him now, but how to persuade him? After dinner that day, in front of the flowers and under the moonlight, the two of them chatted about poetry. During the conversation, Han Yu mentioned the frustrations he had experienced in the past few years when seeking official positions. Miss Lu said kindly: "My husband, you don't need to worry about this anymore. Failures in the exams are a common thing. My father always praised your knowledge to me." You are knowledgeable and sincere. I think you will be able to achieve something in the future. However, you must have your own shortcomings after repeated setbacks in this examination. It is time to find out the reason." After hearing this, Han Yu nodded frequently and said to himself: Miss Lu was indeed insightful and continued: "What Miss said is very reasonable. As the saying goes, you can't see the darkness in your own face. Please give me some advice.

When Miss Lu heard this, she laughed out loud and said, "You are such a smart person!" Then he spread out his paper and wrote: People seek the truth, fire seeks a guilty conscience. If you want to become a great weapon, you must retreat first. Han Yu gave the gift and pondered for a while: These are the dirty words of the young lady! Since ancient times, arrogant soldiers must be brave. Failure, what he lacked was humility, and the word "healing" was the evidence. So, he immediately chose the last two words in Miss Lu's message: retreat and gave himself a new name.

Politically, Han Yu advocated the unification of the world and opposed the separatist rule of the feudal towns. During the reign of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, he accompanied Pei Du to quell the rebellion in the feudal towns in Huaixi. However, his political disagreement with Liu Zongyuan did not affect their joint efforts in advocating the ancient prose movement. . They opposed the excessive pursuit of parallel prose, advocated prose, and emphasized the importance of article content. Han Yu, one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties", was once demoted to Chaozhou for introducing Buddhist bones. Later, he moved to Yuanzhou because of his outstanding political performance. It is now Yichun, Jiangxi Province. During his tenure in Yuanzhou, Han Yu made outstanding achievements and trained the first scholar in Jiangxi Province. There is Zhuangyuan Building on the highest hill in Yichun city and Changli Road in Yichun city, both to commemorate Han Yu's special achievements.

Literary creation theory: He believes. Tao (i.e. benevolence and righteousness) is the purpose and content, and literature is the means and form. It emphasizes that literature carries Tao, and literature and Tao are combined with Han Yu's stone statue

to advocate the study of ancient Chinese literature in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties and gain both. The works of Zizhuang Zhou, Qu Yuan, Sima Qian, Sima Xiangru, and Yang Xiong advocated that learning from ancient times should be innovative on the basis of inheritance, insisting that "words must be written by oneself" and "statement of words must be done", and he proposed to pay attention to the moral cultivation of writers. On the theory of nourishing qi, "when the qi is high, the words will be short or long, and whether the voice is high or low" ("Reply to Li Yishu") puts forward the argument that "the author's injustice towards reality is the reason for deepening the thought of the work." In terms of the style of his works, he emphasized "strangeness" and regarded strangeness as good. Han Yu was listed as the first of the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", and he was mentioned together with Du Fu, and was known as "Du Poetry in Korean".

Poetry Creation

He also made new explorations in poetry creation, so-called "writing as poetry", using unique rhymes and creating a poetic style of "reasoning poetry". His poems also have the shortcomings of being too diffuse and argumentative, which will have a negative impact on future generations.

Essay on Han Yu's full body portrait

The article is in. It occupies an important position in Korean. Medium and long chapters with the main content of respecting Confucianism and opposing Buddhism include "Original Way", "On the Bones of Buddha", "Original Nature", "Shi Shuo", etc. Most of them have a strict layout and hierarchy. Clearly. Essays that ridicule the current situation of society, such as "Miscellaneous Stories" and "Huolin Jie", have clever metaphors and profound meaning; long essays, such as "Song of the Poor" and "Jin Xue Jie", use question and answer format, humorous writing and unique ideas. , with a sharp edge. Those who discuss literary thoughts and writing experiences have various genres, varied writing styles, fantastic images, and superb theories. Those who study Confucian classics, such as "Ping Huaixi Stele", use "Shangshu". " and "Ya" and "Song" are in the genre of grand length, strangely heavy sentences, and hearty; "Painting Notes" directly narrates many characters, and the writing method is derived from "Shang Shu·Gu Ming" and "Zhou Li·Kao Gong Ji·Zi" Personnel Job". Those that inherit the historical prose tradition of "Historical Records", such as the famous "Postscript to the Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng", integrate narrative, discussion, and lyricism. Study "Historical Records" and "Hanshu" and describe the characters vividly and uniquely without discussing them, such as "The Epitaph of Wang Jun who tried to comment on Dali", "The Epitaph of Zhang Jun in Qinghe", etc. Memorials to literary friends can highlight the characteristics of different writers, such as "Liu Zihou's Epitaph", "Nanyang Fan Shaosu's Epitaph", "Mr. Zhen Yao's Epitaph", etc. However, among the large number of tombstones and epitaphs, Han Yu also had some works that were "grave flattering" (referring to the act of praising the deceased and exaggerating the praise in the epitaph regardless of his or her merits), which was ridiculed at the time. "Commentary Annotation of the Complete Works of Han Yu"

Among the lyrical essays, one type writes about the deep affection of flesh and blood, using prose form, breaking the convention of four-character rhyme, such as "The Essay on Commemorating the Twelve Langs"; the other type writes about friendship with friends and life in adversity. , four-character rhymes, such as "In Memoriam to Henan Zhang Yuan's Foreign Language" and "In Memoriam to Liu Zi's Houwen".

In addition, letters such as "A Letter to Meng Dongye" and prefaces such as "Preface to Yang Shaoyin" are also masterpieces with a certain appeal. Han Yu also has some other prose works, such as "The Biography of Mao Ying" and "Preface to Shiding Couplet Poems", which are completely fictional and close to legendary novels. Han Yu's prose is full of momentum, with vertical and horizontal opening and closing, odd and even oddities, and clever metaphors. It may be cunning or serious, and its artistic characteristics are diverse. It has swept away the soft and parallel writing style since the Six Dynasties. He was good at discarding the language of his predecessors and refining the spoken language of the time, such as "fly camp dog dog" ("Song Qiongwen"), "similar work but different approach", "both incorporate and learn from each other" ("Jin Xue Jie") and other novel words. More. He advocated "wen follows the order of words", created a written prose language refined on the basis of spoken language, and expanded the expressive function of classical Chinese style. But he also has a kind of arrogant prose. He said that he "cannot give at the right time, only to play with himself" ("Songqiongwen"), which had a certain influence on later generations. Han Yu is also a famous poet. His artistic features are mainly strange, majestic and grotesque. Such as "Luhun Mountain Fire and Huangfu's Use of Its Rhymes", "Moon Eclipse Poetry Imitation of Yuchuanzi's Composition", etc. are weird and profound in content; "Nanshan Poetry", "Yueyang Tower Farewell to Dou Sizhi", "Meng Dongye's Lost Son", etc. The realm is majestic. However, in the pursuit of novelty, Korean poetry often tends to fill in unfamiliar words, obscure words, and rhyme with dangerous rhymes. Han Yu also has a kind of simple and natural poems. Korean poetry is in an ancient style and has few modern styles, but there are also good verses and quatrains. For example, Qilu "Moved to Languan from the left to show his nephew Xiang", "Answer to Zhang's eleven merits", "Inscribed on Yiliang", Qijue "First sent to Zhang Twelve Pavilions from Tongguan", "Inscribed on the Temple of King Zhao of Chu", etc. Han Yu

Among the ancient versions of Han collections, Wei Huaizhong's "Collected Works of Mr. Changli" and "Waiji" by Wei Huaizhong of the Southern Song Dynasty are the best. "Wen" (reproduced by Xu's Dongya Hall in the Ming Dynasty) is the most popular. In the Qing Dynasty, Gu Sili and Fang Shiju each had separate annotated editions of their poetry anthologies. Qian Zhonglian's "Anthology of Han Changli's Poetry Series" is a separate annotated version of the poem series. In addition, those who did collation or supplementary annotations for the Han Collection but did not list the main text included Fang Songqing and Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty, Chen Jingyun, Wang Yuanqi, Shen Qinhan, Fang Cheng and the modern Xu Zhen of the Qing Dynasty. The most detailed chronology is the Chronicle of Han Zi written by Hongxingzu of the Song Dynasty. The relevant parts of Zhao Yi's "Oubei Poetry", Fang Dongshu's "Zhao Mei Zhan Yan", and Lin Shu's "Han Liu Wen Research Method" are representative works that comment on his poetry. "The Story of Horses" was selected into junior high school textbooks.

Prose works

Han Yu's prose is rich in content, diverse in form, clear and concise in language, novel and vivid, and has set an example for the classical prose movement. The Korean style is vigorous and unrestrained, with twists and turns freely. His prose works can be roughly divided into the following categories: ① Expositions can be divided into two categories. One is to promote Taoism and Confucianism, such as "Yuan Dao", "Yuan Xing", and "Yuan Ren"; the other type is also There is more or less a tendency to be enlightened, but the focus is on reflecting reality and expressing injustice. Moreover, many articles have an anti-conventional and anti-traditional power, and are mixed with strong emotional tendencies in their writing, such as the most representative "The Master's Theory" and "The Horse's Theory". ②Essays, compared with essays, are more free and casual. They may be long or short, solemn or humorous. The writing varies with the situation and each has its own purpose. For example, "Jinxuejie" uses the method of setting questions and answers to make irony and truth. The whole text uses the method of diction and poetry to arrange parallels and parallels, and the writing is relaxed and lively. The most noteworthy among the essays are those concise short essays that mock reality and have sharp arguments, such as "Miscellaneous Comments" and "Huolin Jie", etc. They are lively and eclectic in form and have high literary value. ③The preface (i.e. the preface to the gift) is mostly concise, concise and original, expressing various emotions about the real society, such as "Postscript to the Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng", "Preface to Farewell to Li Yuan's Return to Pangu", "Preface to Farewell to Meng Dongye", etc. In addition, Han Yu also showed his outstanding ability to narrate objects in his biographies and epitaphs, such as "The Biography of Mao Ying" and "Epitaph of Liu Zihou". ④ Biography and lyrical prose. Han Yu's biography inherits the tradition of "Historical Records", depicts characters in the narrative, and discusses and expresses emotions appropriately and skillfully. "Postscript to the Biography of Zhang Zhongcheng" is recognized as a famous work. Among his lyrical essays, "Essay on Sacrifice to the Twelve Langs" is also a thousand-year-old unique tune in the memorial essays, with a strong lyrical color.