This kind of experience is not uncommon. The furnishings of "elegant house" should only be described as simple, but they should be swept and swept to prevent any dust. I'm not a dignitary, so no photo

This kind of experience is not uncommon. The furnishings of "elegant house" should only be described as simple, but they should be swept and swept to prevent any dust. I'm not a dignitary, so no photos of the famous public figures are allowed in my room; I'm not a dentist, so I don't have a doctor's degree to hang on the wall; I'm not a barber, so no photos of ten scenes of silk weaving and movie stars are allowed in my room. wall. I have a few chairs and a couch, and I already have them all, so I don’t ask for them anymore. But although the furnishings are simple, I like to renovate them. Westerners often laugh at women who like to change the positions of tables and chairs, thinking this is a sign of a woman's tendency to change. Regardless of whether it’s false or not, I like change. The furnishings of old-style Chinese homes are all the same. There is a desk in the main hall, an Eight Immortals table in front, an armchair on the side, and two armchairs and a coffee table on both sides. I think the furnishings should be sparse and uneven, and the worst thing is to avoid couples. "Yashe" has nothing new, but the arrangement of everything is not conventional. When people enter my room, they know that this is my room. What Li Weng said in "Xian Qing Ou Ji" is exactly what I want. I do not own "Yashe", I am only one of the tenants. But thinking about "heaven and earth are the reverse journey of all things", life is like a home. I live in the "elegant house" for one day, and the "elegant house" belongs to me for one day. Even if this day cannot be regarded as my own, at least this day I can taste the bitter, spicy, sour and sweet that "Ya She" can provide. Liu Kezhuang's poem: "Being a guest is like home, home is like sending home." I am living in "Ya She" at this moment, and "Ya She" is like my home. In fact, it looks like home, but I can't tell the difference clearly.

Note: ① This article is selected from the first chapter of the author's book "Yashe Essays" (published by Hong Kong Bihui Books Company), so it is called.

Appreciation:

Liang Shiqiu (1903~1987), named Zhihua, courtesy name Shiqiu, was a Beijinger and originally from Hang County, Zhejiang Province. He wrote prolifically throughout his life, including the first, second and third volumes of the collection of essays "Elegant Essays", as well as various collections of literary criticism essays. After nearly 40 years, he independently translated and completed 40 volumes of Shakespeare's complete works. He is a famous scholar, writer and translator in the history of modern Chinese literature.

"Ya She" is the first of the short stories in his collection of essays "Ya She Essays". This article was written in 1938. At that time, the Anti-Japanese War had broken out and the national crisis was looming. University professors had to live in shabby rooms in Chongqing. It is obviously a shabby house, but it is called "elegant house". This shows the author's helplessness towards the war years and his self-ridicule about his living environment. It also shows the author Tianlang's optimistic attitude and broad-minded and detached feelings.

The beginning of the article is simple and natural, like a casual pen, but when we read "brick columns", "wooden shelves", "tiles", "bamboo grate walls" and "mortar", we can start from The author's dissatisfaction can be felt in words such as "lonely", "skinny", "thin" and "pitiful". Even though he was dissatisfied, he still had a "good impression" of it, which shows the humor of his writing style. From this we can understand why the author uses the word "economic" when evaluating Sichuan's man-made houses, and why he uses quotation marks when writing about "elegant homes".

In the author’s eyes, each “Ya She” has its own personality and style. First, the "elegant house" is built on the mountainside, with rice fields in the front, hazelnut grass in the back, and surrounded by bamboo forests, pools, etc. It is a place that is both vulgar and elegant. From this, the author comes to the conclusion of the way to be a friend, "A good friend is never too far away; a long journey is the only way to see friendship." Secondly, "The floor inside the house is laid according to the mountain topography, with one side high and one side low, with a very steep slope." "Every day, walking from the study to the dining room is uphill, and walking out after a meal is downhill. Such sentences are realistically worded, Delicately, it truly reproduces the simplicity and inconvenience of the house, and the author's calm sense of humor is shown between the lines. It is already infinitely bitter for a well-known professor to live in this humble house, but he looks at it calmly and with a broad-minded and detached mind. The gentle tone of teasing is elegant and unique. Thirdly, when living in the same apartment with others, there is often "next door drama": "neighbors are drinking and having fun, chanting poems, whispering, and snoring." The sounds of sneezing, sucking soup, tearing paper, and peeling off shoes all rippled out from the gaps in the doors, windows, and walls at any time, breaking my silence." There are many inconveniences in a humble room, but the author unearthed them from it with an aesthetic eye. There are many pleasant things about it, such as being obedient and listening to the voice, and the implication also expresses the author's leisurely, casual and non-competitive life attitude very appropriately.

Fourth, living in this "elegant house" is disturbed by rats and mosquitoes. We see that the author uses words such as "harassment" and "rampant". This may be understood as the author's inner dissatisfaction with life and war. , but there is no direct expression of anger and resistance. All the sentences are still the appreciation of "moonlight night" and "drizzle", the pursuit of "simple" style, and the intoxication of the realm of "like me" and "not me". Fifth, although the conditions are simple, "everything is arranged and arranged in a non-conventional manner." The article uses joking language to say that there are no prominent photos to be hung on the walls, nor is there a doctor's degree from a dentist, nor is there any need to post videos of movie stars, etc. This shows that the author has no extravagant expectations for material needs, adheres to an independent personality, does not cling to the powerful, and is not arbitrary. Follow the customs.

The language of this article is elegant, clear and full of humor. It occasionally uses classical Chinese words and phrases, and it is also written in a letter. It is said in a clear and smooth way, and it is both elegant and popular.

The article concludes by quoting Liu Kezhuang's famous line in "Spring in the Jade House", which is deeply emotional. "Keli" means "guest house", and "zhi" means temporary accommodation. This sentence means that you spend more time living outside, but less time living at home. This is characteristic of the country's turbulent times. Liu Kezhuang was a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The author quoted Liu's poems to express some emotions when he was living in Chongqing during the Anti-Japanese War. The author does not turn a blind eye to the reality in front of him, but his emotions are not as explicit and passionate as other literati, but are expressed in a tactful and delicate manner. When describing the pleasant scene of "Ya She" "getting the moon first", he interjected a scene of a heavy rainstorm and the house was full of messes; when talking about his feelings, he wrote this sentence: "Ya She" "can do everything" I have truly received and tasted the bitter, spicy, sour and sweet gifts.” The author's deep sigh is contained between the lines.

In summary, there are four major characteristics:

(1) Parallel and scattered. The author likes to use parallelism, parallelism, and parallelism in almost every paragraph, either narrating or describing, in a variety of ways. These couplets show strong literary skills, sophisticated language and outstanding literary talent. The author is also good at using whole sentences and prose sentences together, odd and even ones complement each other, and parallel and prose sentences are suitable. The writing is lively and the scroll can be stretched freely, just like flowing clouds and flowing water, with full gestures.

(2) The elegance and vulgarity remain. The mainstream vocabulary of Liang Wen is elegant written vocabulary, and Mr. Liang's profound cultivation of ancient Chinese is vividly reflected. From the whole article, the exquisite and elegant written language complements the simple and lively spoken language. For example, in the third paragraph, when various sounds come through the wall, two sets of words are used, one is elegant and the other is vulgar, but they cannot be reversed. It is an elegant thing for literati to recite poems. The author uses several four-character patterns with exquisite wording. The various "unrefined" sounds in daily life are listed in spoken language, making people feel like hearing their sounds and seeing their appearance. . Many sentences in the article are very bookish, almost classical Chinese; some sentences are completely vernacular.

(3) Quote freely. Chinese and foreign materials are at your fingertips, with relevant content and various forms. For example, the quote "Gathering mosquitoes into thunder" is a flexible use of idioms. Some people call it the "atavism" of idioms. The general meaning of "gathering mosquitoes into thunder" is equivalent to "people's words are fearful", but the literal meaning is used in the article. "The rat has teeth" can also be viewed in this way. This sentence comes from "The Book of Songs: The Wind". The original sentence is "A rat has teeth (one is a tooth), and a person has no end (to communicate shame)." It expresses a curse on people who have lost all their integrity. It is also used in a literal sense here. . When quoting Li Yu's "Occasionally Posted by Leisure Love", one only quotes the title without mentioning its sentences, deliberately hiding it, leaving room for leeway; when quoting Li Bai's essays and Liu Kezhuang's lyrics, one quotes the sentences without mentioning the title. This is not just about cherishing ink like gold. It is also full trust in readers. The two quotations from foreigners are only general and the original text is not found. In short, flexible citations and rich materials not only help the article express its meaning, but also add to the cultural content of the work, showing the scholarly writer's knowledge.

(4) Lots of humor. Humor is not a simple language device or rhetorical method, but a language feature that permeates the entire text. For example, it is written that the elegant house is simple and simple, without shelter from the wind and rain. It is originally an un-elegant dilemma in life, but it is described with a set of elegant and upright parallel sentences, which is unexpected. The name of Yashe is "elegant", and in the text, "pools and cesspits" are all included, as well as "sounds and sneezes".

This kind of almost vulgar thing that is full of human fireworks is wrapped up in a very elegant sentence - "Ripples come, breaking my silence." Another example is that after quoting foreigners' comments about the "lazyness" of Chinese people, the author started to argue seriously, and finally added: "For foreign devils to live in 'Yashe', isn't it also because there is 'no way'?" The retort is more like an argument in daily life: How about you try it? "The Sheng of the Mosquito Wind" has a homophonic effect, and the Zhuang Ci of "The most taboo against couples" is homophonic, both of which have novel and humorous elegance.

About the author:

Liang Shiqiu (1903-1987), a native of Beijing, originally from Hang County, Zhejiang Province. His name is Zhihua, his courtesy name is Shiqiu, and his pen names are Qiulang, Zijia and Cheng Shu. He entered Tsinghua School in 1915 and studied in the United States in 1923. He also attended Harvard University and received a Master of Arts degree. After returning to China, he successively served as a professor at Southeast University, Guanghua University, Jinan University, Fudan University, Qingdao University, China Public School, Peking University, Beijing Normal University, and Sun Yat-sen University. In 1949, he came to Taiwan and served as a professor at Taiwan Provincial Normal University. Director of the Institute of English at National Taiwan Normal University, professor at National Taiwan University, and director of the Taiwan Editing and Translation Library. He wrote prolifically throughout his life, including essays such as "Ya She Xiao Ping Di", Volume II and Volume III, and various collections of literary criticism essays. After nearly 40 years, he single-handedly translated 40 volumes of Shakespeare's complete works. He is a famous scholar, writer and translator in the history of modern Chinese literature.

In April 1939, he moved to Beibei, Chongqing with the editorial committee of the textbooks of the Ministry of Education of the National Government. In 1940, he and his wife, sociologist Wu Jingchao, bought a bungalow in Zhuwan (now Liyuan Village), Beibei, named after Wu Jingchao. It was named "Ya She" after his wife Gong Yeya. In 1943, Liang's wife Cheng Ji Shuche and her children also came here from Beijing to reunite. "Nanshe" has brick poles and wooden frames and tile-topped walls. There are 6 rooms in total, divided into high and low rooms. Liang Shiqiujia has one room and one living room. It is actually a typical "shabby room". However, after Liang Shiqiu moved in, There were a lot of guests. A group of poets and poets often gathered here, reciting poems, painting, and playing the piano. Liang Shiqiu lived in Yashe for 7 years and translated and created a large number of works. "Yashe Essays" made him famous. In 1949, Liang Shiqiu went to Taiwan and compiled the 34 Yashe sketches he wrote here into a special collection, which was still titled "Yashe Sketch". It was well received by readers and was later reprinted. More than 60 times, it has become a bestseller around the world. Liang Shiqiu continued to write and publish "The Sequel to Yashe's Sketch", "The Three Collections of Yashe's Sketch", and "The Four Collection of Yashe's Sketch" in Taiwan, and named the series "Nanshe". He published special collections such as "Yashe Essays", "Nanshe Translation Collection", and "Yashe Nostalgia". Wherever there are Chinese people, "Nanshe Essays" is circulated. Therefore, the name "Yashe" spreads widely. Let's go and become famous in the world with "Yashe Sketch"