Speech at the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC).

First, the current pattern of China's opening to the outside world

At present, China's opening to the outside world has developed from the coast to the mainland, forming an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging opening pattern of special economic zones-coastal open cities-coastal economic open zones-the mainland. And take the lead in opening the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.

Two. Five Special Economic Zones in China

Shenzhen (327.5 square kilometers) and Zhuhai (12 1 square kilometers)

Xiamen (13 1 km2) Shantou (52.6 km2)

Hainan Island (33,920 square kilometers)

Shenzhen has become a modern and prosperous city in just a few years after the establishment of special economic zones. Being the representative of China Special Economic Zone is called the "window" of China's opening to the outside world.

Hainan Special Economic Zone is the only provincial special economic zone in China and the largest special economic zone in China. 1988 April 13, the first session of the Seventh National People's Congress passed a resolution on the establishment of Hainan Special Economic Zone, which designated Hainan Island as a Hainan Special Economic Zone, implemented more open and flexible systems and policies than other special economic zones in China, and authorized the Hainan government to have greater autonomy.

3. Ports open to the outside world in China

Ports refer to ports, airports, stations and passages for people, goods and vehicles to enter and leave the country. Ports are divided into Class I ports and Class II ports.

The first-class ports refer to ports opened with the approval of the State Council (including ports managed by the central government and ports managed by some provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government); Second-class ports refer to ports that have been approved by the provincial people's government for open management.

1, one port:

(1) Sea, land and air passenger and cargo ports open to ships, planes and vehicles of foreign nationality;

(two) the sea, land and air passenger and cargo ports in transit, only ships, aircraft and vehicles of China nationality are allowed to enter and exit;

(3) ships of foreign nationality are allowed to enter and leave the sea delivery point within the territorial waters of China.

2. Category II ports:

(1) relying on other ports to send people to the loading and unloading points, departure points and delivery points of foreign trade transportation of national ships that have gone through entry-exit inspection procedures;

(2) Ports for small-scale border trade and personnel exchanges with local governments of neighboring countries;

(3) Entry and exit ports for border residents only.

At present, there are three main types of ports open to the outside world in China, namely, water (sea) ports, land (railway, bus) ports and air (airport) ports.

Airport:

Lhasa Tianjin Dalian Shenyang Changchun Mudanjiang Hangzhou Wuhan Shenzhen Meizhou Sanya Taiyuan Hailar Nanchang Guiyang Shantou Harbin Wuyishan Luoyang Hohhot Hefei Zhangjiajie Guangzhou Zhanjiang Haikou Nanning Xi 'an Lanzhou Wenzhou Guilin Beihai Chongqing Xishuangbanna Urumqi Qiqihar Jiamusi Jinan Yantai Kashi Yanji Shanghai Ningbo Huangshan Xiamen Weihai Yichang Yinchuan Beijing Nanjing Lukou Baise Tian Yang.

Waterway port:

Bozhong Heihe River Shanghai Nantong Guang Hai Shantou Port South Australia Port Tianjin Yingkou Huludao Daan Suibin Tongjiang Mohe Jiangshan Jiangyin Wenzhou Haimen Dongtou Huangxing Island Xiuyu Panasonic Xiaocuoshi Island Lotus Mountain Yantian East Fighting Gate Shuidong Wuzhou Chongqing Heishantou Tongling Maanshan Chaozhou Port Shanwei Port Jinzhou Fujin Fangcheng Qinzhou Qisha Nanjing Zhoushan Ningbo Fuzhou Cheng 'ao. Xiamen Quanzhou Zhangzhou Qingdao Yantai Zhaoqing Gaoming Chiwan Meisha Shekou Mawan Xichong Kyushu Zhuhai Wanchai Humen Zhanjiang Haikou Yangpu Simao Jinghong Fangwei Wuhu Anqing Jiujiang Dalian Jiamusi Beihai Lianyungang Zhenjiang Zhapu Lu Hua Island Weihai Longkou Shijiu Lanshan Huangshi Chenglingji Guangzhou Nansha Wanshan Yangjiang Heshan Sanbu Sanya Eight Blue Stone Holes Wuhan Harbin Huachuan Zhangjiagang Huma Sun Ke Luobei Fuyuan Hulin Dongying Yangzhou Taizhou Changzhou Taicang Changshu Chenda Island Qinhuangdao Huanghua Jiayin Raohe Tangshan Liuzhou Guigang Penglai.

Railway port:

Tumen Dongguan Guangzhou Hekou Dandong Suifenhe Pingxiang Alashankou Manzhouli Shenzhen Foshan Zhaoqing Hunchun Ji 'an Erenhot Harbin Zhengzhou

Highway port:

Quanhe Huanggang Dongning Wenjindu Hengqin Friendship Pass Shuikou Ruili Wan Ding Ganqimao Road Linjiang Nanping Mishan Geelong Turk Shatoujiao Gongbei Heyuan Dongxing Jinshui River Zhangmupulan Hongqi Lafuguos Mazongshan Sanhe Hunchun Mohan Tianbaota Shiken Alihasat Kaishan Tun Mengding Tengchong Jillger Shitan Muzalte Dulata Baktu Jimu Nai Ahetubek Flood Ullas Tailaoye Temple Cekezhu Ngabaqi Suifenhe Long Bang.

[Edit this paragraph] Deng Xiaoping, the chief architect of reform and opening up.

Deng Xiaoping (1904━ 1997), formerly known as Mr. Deng, participated in the formation of the young China * * * production party in Europe in 1922, and joined the China * * * production party in 1924. 1926 went to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, Deng Xiaoping, and returned to China at the end of the same year. 1927 Secretary-General of the Central Committee. /kloc-at the end of 0/929, on behalf of the central government, he led the uprising in the baise uprising, Guangxi, founded the Red Seven Army and the Red Eight Army, and opened up the Zuojiang Revolutionary Base. 1934 Participated in the Long March and served as Secretary-General of the Central Committee. 1935 attended Zunyi meeting. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, he served as deputy director of the Eighth Route Army General Political Department and political commissar of the Eighth Route Army 129 Division. 1945 was elected as a member of the Central Committee at the Seventh National Congress of the Producers' Party of China. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as a member of the Central People's Government, the first secretary of the Southwest Bureau, the vice chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee, the political commissar of the Southwest Military Region, Vice Premier the State Council, the Secretary General of the Central Committee, the Minister of the Central Organization Department, Vice Premier the State Council, the vice chairman of the National Defense Commission, the vice chairman chairman of the Central Military Commission, the chief of staff of the China People's Liberation Army, the director of the Central Advisory Committee and the director of the Central Committee. 1997 February 19 died in Beijing.

Deng Xiaoping said: "Any nation and country should learn from the strengths of other nations and countries and learn from the advanced science and technology of other countries. "So he took the lead in proposing reform and opening up in China, made indelible contributions to the cause of reform and opening up in China, and was known as the chief architect of socialist reform, opening up and modernization in China!

[Edit this paragraph] Evaluation of reform and opening up

China has made great achievements in reform and opening up. Through this great reform and opening up, three great turning points have been realized: the first great turning point is the transformation from a highly centralized planned economic system to a socialist market economic system full of vitality and vitality; The second great turning point is from a closed and semi-closed society to an all-round open society; The third great turning point is the social transformation of people's life from food and clothing to a basic well-off society. Without reform and opening up, it is impossible to realize the three major changes. Therefore, the reform and opening up proposed by the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee is a key choice for the fate of contemporary China.

Reform and opening up is the only way to develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. It is pointed out that only reform and opening up can develop China, socialism and Marxism. I said these two paragraphs, highly summarized why the reform, why the reform is the only way, why is the destiny choice of contemporary China. Without reform and opening up, it is impossible to develop China, socialism and Marxism. Therefore, we should deeply understand this highly theoretical generalization put forward by the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee.

Our 30-year reform and opening-up has a far-reaching impact not only in China, but also internationally. Now, according to GDP, China ranks fourth in the world. Some people say that they will catch up with Germany soon. According to PPP (purchasing power evaluation), according to the figures published by the World Bank, China ranks second in the world, because the purchasing power evaluation in the world is about 55 trillion US dollars, and that in China is about 5 trillion US dollars, accounting for about 9% of the world. It shows that the proportion of China in the international economy has greatly increased. At present, China's foreign exchange reserves have reached more than 654.38+0.4 trillion, ranking first in the world. The reason for this change is the result of reform and opening up.

The 30-year reform has two obvious characteristics. First, the reform under the leadership of the Party is to improve socialism. Every major reform decision is made by the central government through decision-making, which shows that the party is actively promoting reform. Second, our reform is gradual, not in one step like some countries. Comrade Xiaoping said that we should cross the river by feeling the stones. In this case, our risk is less, the experiment is successful, and it is promoted throughout the country. If not, we will stop. Therefore, in this case, from the perspective of the reform process, this feature is also very prominent. Of course, when the reform reaches a certain level, it is necessary to break through and speed up the pace. Of course, we should learn a lesson from history: the Great Leap Forward. At the same time, we should seek truth from facts and base ourselves on the national conditions; To maintain a stable development speed, we should also take care of the development of productive forces and let our country develop rapidly on the road of reform and opening up.

The final conclusion of history

Resolutions of the Central Committee of China on Some Historical Issues of the Party since the Founding of the People's Republic of China.

(Adopted unanimously at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of China Producers' Party on June 27th)

This document reviews the history of 28 years before the founding of New China, and makes a basic estimation and evaluation of the history of 30 years since the founding of New China, including seven years of socialist transformation and all-round socialist construction in 10.

As for the decade of the "Cultural Revolution", it is mentioned in the document that the decade of the Cultural Revolution has caused the most serious setbacks and losses to the party, the country and the people since the founding of the People's Republic of China. History has proved that the argument of the "Cultural Revolution" is not in line with China's reality and Marxism-Leninism. These arguments are totally wrong in estimating the class situation and the political situation of the party and the country in China at that time. Practice has proved that the "Cultural Revolution" is not and cannot be a revolution or social progress in any sense. It is not "confusing the enemy" at all, but confusing yourself. Therefore, it has never been and cannot be achieved from "chaos in the world" to "great governance in the world". History has clearly shown that the "Cultural Revolution" was a civil strife wrongly initiated by leaders and used by counter-revolutionary groups, which brought serious disasters to the party, the country and the people of all ethnic groups. 1976 10 months, shattered the victory of counter-revolutionary groups of Lin Biao and Jiang Qing, saved the party's crisis and the revolution, and China entered a new historical development period.

The document also made a correct evaluation of the historical position of Comrade Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong Thought. Comrade Mao Zedong is a great Marxist, a great proletarian revolutionary strategist and theorist. Although he made serious mistakes in the "Cultural Revolution", his contribution to the China Revolution far exceeded his life's mistakes. His work comes first, and his mistakes come second.