Dujiangyan travel guide?

Dujiangyan is located in the west of Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, on the Minjiang River in the west of Chengdu Plain. Dujiangyan water conservancy project, which was built in 256 BC, is the oldest and only grand water conservancy project in the world. Its characteristic is that no dam is built to divert water. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Dujiangyan has beautiful scenery and many cultural relics, including Fulongguan, Erwang Temple, Anlan Suoqiao, Yuleiguan, Lidui Park, Yuleishan Park and Lingyan Temple.

Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project consists of three main projects: Yuzui Fenshui Dike, Feishayan Spillway and Baojiangkou Water Intake, as well as auxiliary projects such as Baizhang Dike and herringbone Dike. Scientifically solved the problems of automatic river diversion, automatic sediment discharge and inflow control, eliminated floods, and made the western Sichuan plain a "land of abundance" with people following floods and droughts. For more than two thousand years, it has been playing the role of flood control and irrigation. By the end of 1998, the irrigated area of Dujiangyan has reached more than 40 counties, with an irrigated area of 668,700 hectares.

Yu Zui is a diversion dam built in the middle of the river, which divides the turbulent Minjiang River into an outer river and an inner river. Flood discharge from the outer river and irrigation from the inner river. The flying sand weir plays the role of flood discharge and sediment discharge and water transfer. Treasure bottle mouth controls water inflow, because the mouth looks like a bottleneck, it is called treasure bottle mouth. The inland river flows into the irrigated farmland in the western Sichuan plain through the bottle mouth. The part of the mountain cut from Leiyu Mountain is called "leaving a heap".

Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project makes full use of the local geographical conditions of high northwest and low southeast, and according to the special topography, water veins and water potential of the river outlet, it takes advantage of the situation, does not build a dam to take water, and irrigates by gravity, so as to achieve the interdependence of dike, water diversion, flood discharge, sediment discharge and flow control, and give full play to the comprehensive benefits of flood control, irrigation, water delivery and social water use. After the completion of Dujiangyan, Chengdu Plain is fertile for thousands of miles. "Floods and droughts come from people, and there is no famine, so it is called abundance." Sichuan's economy and culture have made great progress. Its biggest point is that the weir has been built for more than two thousand years, and it is playing an increasingly important role. The establishment of Dujiangyan is based on the premise of not destroying natural resources and making full use of natural resources to serve mankind, turning harm into benefit, and making people, land and water highly coordinated and unified.

Dujiangyan project still exists today, and it is still in operation. With the development of science and technology and the expansion of irrigation area, since 1936, concrete mortar pebble technology has been gradually used to repair and strengthen the canal head, and some water conservancy facilities have been added. The project layout of the ancient weir and the water control strategies such as "deep scouring beach, low weir", "guiding according to the situation, adapting to the time", "cutting corners when encountering the bay, and pumping heart when encountering the right" have not changed, and Dujiangyan water conservancy has not changed either. After carefully watching the design of the whole project, water conservancy experts were amazed at its high scientific level. For example, the design of flying sand weir is a good use of swirl theory. This kind of weir can divert water for irrigation at ordinary times, and it can be discharged into the outer river during flood. It also has the function of discharging sand and gravel, and sometimes very large stones can be rolled out of the weir. At that time, there was no cement, so such a large project used local materials and used pebbles in bamboo cages as weirs, which saved costs and achieved remarkable results.

Dujiangyan has beautiful scenery and many places of interest, and it is also an ideal tourist destination. Dujiangyan area has Erwang Temple, Fulongguan, An Lan Suoqiao and other places of interest.

Erwang Temple is located on the hillside on the right bank of Minjiang River, in front of Dujiangyan. Originally a memorial hall for the King of Shu, it was renamed "Chongde Hall" because Qi Jianwu (AD 494-498) offered sacrifices to Li Bing and his son. After the Song Dynasty (AD 960 ~ 1279), Li Bing and his son were successively crowned as kings by the emperor, so people later called it the "Two Kings Temple". There are statues of Li Bing and his son in the main hall of the temple, and there are famous sayings about water control and inscriptions by poets.

Fulongguan is located in Lidui Park. Legend has it that Li Bing descended the dragon here when he was controlling the water. There are three existing halls, and the front hall has a statue of Li Bingshi in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-220). There are also the ruins of the Eastern Han Dynasty weir stone tripod, and the scene when the sages and princesses in the Tang Dynasty became monks in Qingcheng Mountain.

An Lan Lock Bridge is also called "An Lan Bridge" and "Lovers Bridge". It was built before the Song Dynasty. Located above the fish mouth of Dujiangyan, it is known as the "five ancient bridges in China" and is the most distinctive landscape of Dujiangyan. The cable bridge is supported by wooden rafts and stone piers, suspended by thick bamboo cables, paved with wooden boards and surrounded by bamboo cables on both sides, with a total length of about 500 meters. In the late Ming dynasty (17th century), it was destroyed by war. The present bridge is a steel cable concrete pile.

Dujiangyan is not only a world-famous ancient water conservancy project in China, but also a famous scenic spot. 1982, Dujiangyan, as an important part of Qingchengshan-Dujiangyan scenic spot in Sichuan, was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national scenic spots. On May 8, 2007, Chengdu Qingchengshan-Dujiangyan Scenic Spot was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level scenic spot.

According to the definition of cultural heritage in the second paragraph of Article 1 of the United Nations Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage: "Architecture: a single or connected architectural group with outstanding universal value in terms of architectural style, uniform distribution or combination with environmental scenery from a historical, artistic or scientific point of view". Dujiangyan water conservancy project has a long history, huge scale, reasonable layout, scientific operation and harmonious combination with the environment, which has outstanding historical and scientific universal value. Dujiangyan was identified as a world cultural heritage at the 24th session of the United Nations World Heritage Committee in 2000.

Edit the source of this paragraph name.

In the early days when Li Bing, the magistrate of Qin and Shu counties, built the weir, Dujiangyan was named "Kui" because Leiyushan next to Dujiangyan was called "Kui Mountain" before Qin and Han Dynasties, and the main ethnic groups living around Dujiangyan at that time were people, who called the weir "Gui" and Dujiangyan was called "Kui".

During the Shu and Han Dynasties in the Three Kingdoms, Du 'an County was established in Dujiangyan, which was named "Du 'an Weir". At the same time, it is also called "golden dike", which highlights the water diversion function of fish mouth and uses dike instead of weir as its name.

In the Tang Dynasty, Dujiangyan was renamed "Jueweiyan". Because the materials and methods of embankment construction at that time were mainly "broken bamboo as a cage, with a diameter of three feet, filled with solid stone, which was called" open tail ".

It was not until the Song Dynasty that Dujiangyan was mentioned for the first time in the history of the Song Dynasty: "Yongkang army ruled Dujiangyan at the age of 20, and the cage stone snake broke the river and stopped water to irrigate several counties."

Why is Dujiangyan called Dujianghe? "Shu Shui Kao" said: "Fu River, a Chengdu River, has two sources, namely Lijiang River and Liujiang River." Liu Jiang is another name for Jian Jiang. On the Chengdu Plain, the Fuhe River is Yongjiang River and the Nanhe River is Jianjiang River. Their upper reaches are Baitiao River and Zouma River, which are divided into Dujiangyan and Neijiang. "National Records" said: "Du Jiang is the river of Chengdu". Since the Song Dynasty, the whole Dujiangyan water conservancy system project has been generally called Dujiangyan, which accurately represents the whole water conservancy system and has been used ever since.

Edit the construction process of this section.

Minjiang River is a large tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which originated in the mountainous areas of northern Sichuan. Whenever flash floods occur in spring and summer, the river will run down and enter the Chengdu Plain from guanxian. Due to the narrow rivers, floods often occurred in ancient times. When the flood recedes, it is a thousand miles of sand. However, Leiyushan, located on the east bank of Minjiang River in guanxian, blocked the eastward flow of Minjiang River, resulting in drought in the east and flooding in the west.

In the fifty-first year of the Qin Dynasty (256 BC), Li Bing and his son, the prefect of Shu County, absorbed the experience of predecessors in water control and led the local people to build the world-famous Dujiangyan water conservancy project. Dujiangyan's master plan is to divide the Minjiang River into two branches, one of which is introduced into Chengdu Plain, which can not only divert floods and reduce disasters, but also divert water to irrigate farmland and turn harm into benefit. The main works include Yuzui diversion dike, Sha Fei weir spillway and Baojiangkou water intake.

First of all, Li Bing and his son invited many farmers with experience in water control, surveyed the terrain and water conditions on the spot, and decided to cut through Leiyushan to divert water. Because gunpowder had not been invented at that time, Li Bing used flint to burst the rock, and finally cut a mountain pass with a width of 20 meters, a height of 40 meters and a length of 80 meters in Leiyushan. Because its shape resembles the bottle mouth, it is named "Treasure Bottle Mouth", and the stone pile separated from Leiyushan is called "Remaining Pile".

An Lan Lock Bridge is also called "An Lan Bridge" and "Lovers Bridge". It was built before the Song Dynasty. Located on the Yu Zui embankment of Dujiangyan, it is known as one of the "five ancient bridges in China" and is the most distinctive landscape of Dujiangyan. The cable bridge is supported by wooden rafts and stone piers, suspended by thick bamboo cables, paved with wooden boards and surrounded by bamboo cables on both sides, with a total length of about 500 meters. In the late Ming dynasty (17th century), it was destroyed by war. The present bridge is a steel cable concrete pile.

After the completion of the water diversion project in Baokou, although it has played a role in water diversion and irrigation, it is difficult for the river to flow into Baokou because of the high terrain in Jiangdong. Li Bing and his son led the crowd to build a diversion weir in the upper reaches of Minjiang River and the middle of the river not far from Leiyushan, and put a big bamboo cage filled with pebbles in the middle of the river to form a narrow island shaped like a fish mouth. The fish mouth divides the turbulent Minjiang River into an outer river and an inner river. The outer river discharges flood, and the inland river flows into Chengdu Plain through the bottle mouth.

In order to further play the role of flood diversion and disaster reduction, a 200-meter-long spillway was built between the diversion weir and the dump, which flowed into the Waijiang River to ensure that Neijiang was disaster-free. A bend was built in front of the spillway, and the river formed a circulation. When the river exceeds the crest of the weir, the sediment and stones carried by the flood will flow into other rivers, so as not to block the waterways of Neijiang and Baojiangkou, hence the name "Sha Fei Weir".

In order to observe and control the water quantity in Neijiang, Li Bing carved the portraits of three stone piles and put them into the water to determine the water level. Stone horses are also chiseled and placed in the middle of the river as a standard for scouring the beach when the water quantity is the least every year.

Edit this paragraph: Li Bing and his son

Statues of Dujiangyan, Li Bing and his son were built in 256 BC. It was a large-scale water conservancy project built by Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County of Qin State in China during the Warring States Period. It is the oldest and only preserved water conservancy project in the world, which is characterized by not building a dam to divert water. For more than 2200 years, it still plays a huge role. Li Bing's water control is a great masterpiece of the civilized world and a great water conservancy project that benefits the people. Chengdu Plain can be so rich, known as the "Tianfu" paradise, which is fundamentally the result of Li Bing's creation of Dujiangyan. Therefore, the history books record: "The completion of Dujiangyan has made the Chengdu Plain" dependent on floods and droughts, and there is no famine, which is called' Tianfu' in the world ".

For more than 2,000 years, Li Bing and his son dug piles, opened weirs and repaired canals, bringing blessings to the land of abundance, which has always been revered and appreciated by the world. The Erwang Temple is not only full of incense, but also has official and folk sacrificial activities in history. Formed a temple fair centered on Li Bing and his son on June 24 and June 26 of the lunar calendar every year.

Edit the construction reason of this part.

1, why do you want to repair the bottle mouth?

As long as Leiyu Mountain is opened, the water of Minjiang River can flow eastward smoothly, which can not only reduce the flow of river water in the west, but also alleviate the drought in the east, so that the turbulent river water can flow into the arid areas and irrigate the fertile fields there. This is the key link of flood control and the first step of Dujiangyan project. The rock in Leiyushan is hard, and migrant workers use iron tools to chisel, dig and pry, so the progress of the project is extremely slow. Later, an experienced old migrant worker suggested that some grooves should be made in the rock, and then firewood should be put on it to ignite and burn. The rock will burst under the burning of firewood, which can speed up the excavation. Practice has proved that this method is very effective. After a period of hard work, a hole 20 meters wide, 40 meters high and 80 meters long was finally dug in Lei Yu. Because it looks like a bottle mouth, it is called a "treasure bottle mouth". The flowing Minjiang River water continuously flows to the eastern dry area through the bottle mouth, so that the farmland in the east is irrigated. The first major project in Dujiangyan was finally completed.

After the completion of the water diversion project in Baokou Port, although it has played a role in water diversion and irrigation, it is difficult for the river to flow into Fangkou because of the high terrain in Jiangdong. How can we make more water flow eastward into Baokou Port? Thereby causing the fish mouth to be trimmed.

2. Why do you want to repair the fish mouth?

In order to facilitate the smooth eastward flow of Minjiang River and maintain a certain flow rate, and give full play to the flood diversion and irrigation function of Baokou Port, after digging Baokou Port, Li Bing decided to build a diversion weir on Minjiang River to divide the river into two streams: one downstream and the other forcibly flowing into Baokou Port. It is a very difficult project to build a diversion weir in the middle of the river, because the water in the middle of the river is high and turbulent, and the water is fast. The weir body built is very strong, otherwise it will be washed away by the flood at any time. When they started to build the diversion weir, they used the method of throwing stones into the middle of the river, but the result was unsuccessful. Because, the stones thrown down can't stand the impact of the flood and are constantly washed away by the flood. What shall we do? There are many bamboos in Minshan area, and the way local people build houses and weave bamboo cages to hold things has greatly inspired Li Bing. He invited many bamboo workers to weave large bamboo cages 3 feet long and 2 feet wide, filled with pebbles, and then let migrant workers sink the heavy bamboo cages one by one to the bottom of the river. As a result, the bamboo cage was motionless in the rushing water, firmly fixed there, reinforced with big stones around it, and finally built a water diversion and water lifting. Because the big lead end is shaped like a fish head, it is called "fish mouth". The completion of the fish mouth divides the river flowing upstream into two parts: the west is called Waijiang, which flows down the Minjiang River in the rain; The east is called Neijiang, which flows into the bottle mouth, and the river flows through large and small channels, forming a crisscross irrigation network. Since then, floods and droughts have rarely occurred in Chengdu Plain, and the method of intercepting water with pebbles in bamboo cages has been used to this day.

3. Why build the flying sand weir?

In order to further control the amount of water flowing into the bottle mouth and prevent the fluctuation and instability of the water in the irrigation area, Li Bing built a flat water tank and a "flying sand weir" spillway at the tail of the Yuzui diversion levee next to the bottle mouth for flood diversion. The flying sand weir is also made of pebbles in bamboo cages, and the top of the weir is at a suitable height, which plays a role in regulating water quantity. When the water level in Neijiang is too high, the flood will overflow the flying sand weir and flow into the outer river through the flat sink, so that the amount of water entering the bottle mouth of the room will not be too large, and the Neijiang irrigation area will be protected from floods; At the same time, because the water flowing into the outer river across the flying sand weir produces swimming vortex, it can also effectively reduce the sediment deposition around the bottle mouth. At this point, Dujiangyan project has been basically completed.

Edit this historical event

Li Bing created Dujiangyan.

During Li Bing's garrison in Shu County in the late period of the King (about 276 BC-25 BC1year), on the basis of in-depth investigation and summary of previous experiences in water control, he carefully selected the mountain pass on the upper reaches of Minjiang River, the apex of Chengdu Plain, as the site of the project, United and organized the people of all ethnic groups in West Shu, and finally built Dujiangyan around 256 BC after hard struggle. Practice has proved that Dujiangyan water conservancy project, which has enjoyed lasting benefits for more than 2000 years, has a superior and reasonable geographical location and its layout conforms to the laws of nature. The three major projects, namely diversion levee, spillway and Baokoukou, restrict and complement each other, and jointly play an important role in water diversion, flood diversion and sediment discharge. Dujiangyan still plays a great role today.

Sima Qian visited Dujiangyan

In the sixth year of Ding Yuan, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 165438+ BC 0 1), Sima Qian was ordered to visit Dujiangyan in the southwest. He recorded Li Bing's contribution to the creation of Dujiangyan in Historical Records of Rivers and Channels. Later generations built the West Station Pavilion and the West Station Hall in Minshan Mountain, which stretches to the west, as a memorial.