Terminal details

The terminal building is also called the "terminal building". Passengers go through various formalities and make a short rest and waiting place before and after the plane takes off. The main building of the airport. There are waiting halls, passenger and baggage entry and exit facilities, passenger living service facilities and public service facilities in the terminal building. The facilities for handling the entry and exit formalities of passengers and luggage include: check-in counters, information desks, ticketing windows, baggage handling systems, security inspection facilities and counters for customs, border inspection and animal and plant health and quarantine. Passenger living service facilities include: lounge, restaurant, recreation room, shops and disabled vehicles. Public service facilities include: banks, post offices, bookstores, taxi service counters and hotel reservation counters. For the convenience of passengers, the terminal building is also equipped with facilities such as automatic trails, escalators, flight display systems, hand-propelled luggage carts, covered bridges and so on. In addition, the management, administration and business departments and emergency command institutions of the airport and related airlines can also be located in the terminal building. Some terminals also have observation decks and welcome halls. It is necessary to design a scientific and reasonable passenger and baggage flow in order to facilitate passengers to go through entry and exit procedures and avoid interference from all kinds of passengers (entry and exit, domestic and international). The facilities in the wharf shall meet the technological requirements. According to the arrangement of the number of passengers entering and leaving, the facade design of the terminal building has one floor, one and a half floors, two floors and two and a half floors. According to the layout of boarding gates and seats, the terminal can be designed as satellite, corridor, front row, transfer or comprehensive. The satellite terminal is a line connecting the main building and the satellite boarding hall through the corridor. There are seats around the satellite hall, and passengers board the plane through the corresponding boarding gate. The terminal integrates civil aviation functions, architectural art and engineering technology, and is the window of a city (or region). Therefore, all relevant departments attach great importance to the design and construction of the terminal.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Terminal mbth: passenger Terminal alias: terminal interpretation: brief introduction, facilities, layout, classification and forms of major buildings providing ground services for passengers, and brief introduction of major buildings providing ground services for air passengers, also known as terminal buildings, are usually located in relatively moderate positions in the airport according to the layout of runways and roads leading to cities. Its basic function is to ensure that departure, arrival and transit passengers can board or leave the airport quickly and orderly, and at the same time provide a waiting and resting place for passengers or guests to bid farewell to relatives and friends. In the early days of terminal facilities, air transport enterprises only built some simple houses at the airport to receive air passengers. Since the 1950s, the number of air passengers has soared, and airports with busy passenger traffic have successively built modern terminals with large scale, complex equipment and diverse functions. Its main facilities include passenger service facilities, living security facilities, baggage handling equipment and administrative office buildings. Passenger service facilities include: airline ticketing, information counter, ticket registration and baggage handling counter, security check, entry-exit management, customs inspection and health quarantine counter, cable broadcasting equipment, dynamic display device for inbound and outbound flights, and passenger boarding facilities (such as boarding gate, passenger centralized lounge, boarding bridge, automatic passenger elevator, boarding carriage and movable passenger lounge). In addition, there are welcome halls, observation decks and other facilities to welcome passengers. Living security facilities mainly include: passenger lounge, recreation room, restaurant, bar, automatic food and beverage sales equipment, and other public facilities, such as banks, post offices, newsstands, sales departments and hotels, taxi reservation counters, etc. Baggage handling equipment includes: baggage sorting device, baggage cart, conveyor belt, baggage claim counter, etc. Administrative office building, airline business building, etc. , is set according to business needs and is not open to passengers. There are many planes taking off and landing at large airports in the terminal building, with large passenger throughput and very busy business. For example, during the peak passenger flow, there are more than 2,000 flights in and out of the airport every day, and more than100000 passengers pass by. In the case of heavy traffic flow, in order to adapt to the characteristics of passengers and meet their use requirements, the configuration of various facilities in the terminal building must be reasonable. At the same time, it is necessary to design a scientific passenger flow map so that the activities of all kinds of passengers in the building do not interfere with each other. Most terminals adopt a three-dimensional isolation method for inbound and outbound passengers, that is, the action routes of inbound and outbound passengers are arranged on two floors respectively; For international and domestic tourists, the plane isolation method is adopted, that is, the activity places of international and domestic tourists are set on the same floor respectively. The passenger flow in and out of the terminal building of Beijing Capital Airport is shown above. Classified terminal buildings are divided into four types according to the layout of boarding gates. The boarding gate is the entrance for passengers to get on and off the plane. Arrange a seat relative to the boarding gate for the plane to stop. ① Front terminal. The boarding gate is arranged along the front of the terminal. ② Corridor terminal. One or more corridors extend from the main building of the terminal building to the apron, and boarding gates are arranged along both sides of the corridor. ③ Satellite terminal. Some boarding halls are built outside the main building of the terminal building, and boarding gates are set around the boarding halls, which are connected with the main building through corridors. ④ Comprehensive terminal building. The terminal built by the above three or two forms. Now, because some more developed cities do not have the conditions to build airports, the diversification of trade relations has created another mode of terminal building. In other words, it is located in a city far from the airport, and then it also has the functions of the terminal mentioned above. For example, there are four terminals in Shunde, all of which have direct shuttle buses to the airport. The daily frequency is about 12, which runs between Baiyun Airport and Shunde, providing a lot of convenience for local or nearby residents. At the same time, these terminals also have the functions of logistics and freight transportation. Generally speaking, such a dock will also have service facilities such as business hotels integrating catering and entertainment. According to the layout of boarding gates, the terminal can be divided into front row type, corridor type, satellite type and comprehensive type. The front terminal is arranged with boarding gates and seats along the front of the terminal. Corridor terminal is one or several corridors extending from the main building of the terminal to the apron. Aircraft seats are arranged along both sides of the corridor, and each aircraft seat is equipped with a boarding gate. The terminals of Chicago O'Hare, London Heathrow, Tokyo Haneda and other airports all belong to this form. The satellite terminal is to build some boarding halls outside the main building and connect them with the main building by corridors. Arrange airplane seats around the boarding hall and set up corresponding boarding gates. This form is adopted in the terminal building of Beijing Capital Airport. Integrated terminal is a terminal built by using the above three or two forms. Orly airport South Terminal is in this form. According to the layout of buildings, docks can be divided into centralized and decentralized types. Centralized terminal is a building with terminal as a whole unit. Front terminal, corridor terminal, satellite terminal and comprehensive terminal all belong to this category. The decentralized terminal is a small building unit where each boarding gate becomes a plane, and passengers can directly reach the front of the plane by bus. Building units are arranged in a straight line or arc to form the whole terminal building. The boarding mode of passengers is closely related to the form of the terminal building. Boarding bridges are often used in centralized terminals; In general, boarding and ladder boarding are used in decentralized terminal buildings. Boarding cars pick up and drop off passengers between the terminal and the plane, and there are two types: ordinary and lifting. The elevator boarding car can rise to the same height as the plane door. There are two kinds of boarding elevators: self-provided passenger elevators and ground passenger elevators, which are generally used in small airports.