Zuo was governor for three years, and it took a hundred years for the "bandits" in Fujian to be eliminated. University problems are the basis of politics.

Note: the article does not write empty sentences! 0 1. Zuo Tang Zong, a legendary figure in the late Qing Dynasty, made a first-class wish, married second-class, and enjoyed second-class happiness; Choose a high place to stand, find a flat place to live and walk to a wide place. Zeng Guofan was the most experienced official in the late Qing Dynasty, but Zuo was always the most chivalrous and courageous. The above couplets reflect the character and realm of the literati, and they are a portrayal of the life of Xiangyin Zuojigao. Three things have been praised in Zuo's life: he was born in a famous family, lived as an important official, fought against the Taiping Army and recovered Xinjiang at the age of 70. But in fact, since he was left as governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, he has also made considerable achievements in controlling bandits in Fujian. Confucius said: His uncle put it everywhere! Fuzhou left statue. Zuo and the Chu army were promoted and ruled together for two years, which was the fourth year when Zuo commanded the Chu army, and also the 14 year when the Qing Dynasty fought against the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. At the same time, the Second Opium War has ended for three years. This year, Empress Dowager Cixi came to power, and Zeng Guofan was already the governor of the two rivers, and was ordered to supervise the military affairs of Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Zuo was appointed as the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, and concurrently served as the governor of Zhejiang. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement has entered the final stage, and Zuo became the second most powerful figure in the southeast of the Qing Dynasty, second only to Zeng Guofan. In fact, on the eve of the imminent failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the personnel arrangement of the Qing court in the southeast reflected the good intentions of Cixi Lafayette. On the one hand, to continue to suppress the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the southeast, we have to rely on the Xiang army dominated by Zeng Guofan and the Left. On the other hand, through the operation of power, the "Chu army" was fostered to check and balance the "Xiang army", and the left was fostered to check and balance Zeng Guofan to prevent local forces from dominating the central government. Zeng Guofan in Hunan is like 03. The situation in Fujian. In fact, the Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang needs macro-governance, but the situation in Fujian and Zhejiang is different. Zhejiang, which is close to Tianjing, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, is also a region where the forces of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom gather, and wars continue. Therefore, fighting is still the primary task of Zhejiang Chu army and Zuo. Fujian, with "eight mountains, one water and one field", is surrounded by mountains and seas, with poor land and poor people. Since Zheng Chenggong, it has been one of the most fierce areas in the anti-Qing struggle. In the late Qing Dynasty, Fujian folk forces, such as Heaven and Earth Society, Knife Society and Taiping Army, joined forces to form one of the most serious "bandits" in the eyes of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, in fact, if Zuo wants to govern Fujian well, he must govern "bandits" well. The "bandits" in Fujian are more complicated than the battle between the Chu army and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Zheng Chenggong statue 04. The spring of "bandits" In fact, before Zuo became the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, "bandits" once entered the * * * because local soldiers in Fujian Province were transferred out of the province to fight. In the second year of Xianfeng, the filial piety rebels from southern Fujian once captured more than ten counties such as Anxi, Yongchun, Shaxian and Xiamen, and the county magistrates of Datian, Youxi, Chiayi and Taiwan Province provinces were killed. As the rebels attack the counties in front, local bandits and pirates will surge ... Left found that the bandits in Fujian like to fight the Taiping Army and the official army, because every war is devastated, and the devastated season is the spring when they fish in troubled waters. But for Zuo Tang Zong, the alliance between bandits and Taiping rebels is a more deadly threat. When Li Shixian, a servant of Taiping Army, attacked Zhangzhou, Zuo fully saw the power of Fujian's "Mountain King". Map of Fujian in Qing Dynasty (from: Tan Qixiang's Atlas of Chinese History) 05. The stars in the sky, Li Shixian, the servant of Beidou, entered Fujian in late autumn for three years. At this time, Tianjing, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, had fallen not long ago. As soldiers in heaven, they must fight bravely alone, or they will die. Li Shixian needs to make Zhangzhou a new foothold. However, in order to fight against the left army, the Taiping Army could not fight bravely on its own. They can also rely on local strength in Fujian. Zuo discovered that since Li Shixian and Fujian Province, bandits of various purposes and remnants of Fujian Heaven and Earth Society were actively responding to the Taiping Army's attack on Zhangzhou. They either sold supplies and food to the Taiping rebels, or acted as guides for the Taiping rebels, or even directly became spies for the Li Shixian army. For example, Liu Guangju, Xie Xian and Xie Jin, the heroes of Yongchun, formed a clique and gathered together. When thieves were trapped in Zhangzhou, they all "tried their best". Before long, what Zuo didn't want to see appeared: Li Shixian not only captured Zhangzhou, but also beheaded Fujian prefect Lin Wencha on the battlefield. Jinhua, Zhejiang: Li Shixian Statue of Wang Shi 06. Fujian heaven and earth will be left, knowing the defeat of Zhangzhou, reflecting the military incompetence of Fujian green camp; Bandits helped Taiping rebels on a large scale, which reflected the out-of-control side of society in the late Qing Dynasty. The death of Lin Wencha and the fall of Zhangzhou seem to be a military advance and retreat, but in fact it is a political and economic gain and loss behind it. In fact, the root of the problem is the depression of local bureaucrats, the oppression of the upper class and the poverty of the grassroots. Fujian is also the birthplace of the Heaven and Earth Society, and "opposing the Qing Dynasty and restoring the sight" is a traditional slogan in this area. During the Qianlong period, the Qing Dynasty * * * wantonly killed people in Fujian Heaven and Earth Association, but the brothers changed their names to Tian, Xiao Dao Association, Association, and Three o'clock Association ... and then continued their struggle. The situation in Fujian is very complicated, as complicated as the mountains and rivers in Fujian. If Zuo wants to deal with Li Shixian and his troops, he must also seriously manage the "bandit" army that supports the Taiping Army. Fujian landform: eight mountains, one water and one field. Li Shixian's retreating Taiping Army once occupied Zhangzhou, but Li Shixian who entered Zhangzhou City had to face not only Lin Wencha, but also the Left! Governor Zuo is by no means the prefect Lin Wencha, nor is he the Chu army in green camp, Fujian. After Zuo Dashuai transferred Chu troops from all walks of life into Fujian, Li Shixian, which captured Zhangzhou, became an isolated city. The stubbornness in Hunan people's bones made Zeng Guofan's department and the left department determined not to give up until they attacked the lower city. Before controlling the "bandits" in Fujian, Zuo first launched a siege war against Li Shixian and he who lost mobility. In fact, Li Shixian and Wang Haiyang were the last Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, while Zuo and Chu Yong were only part of the Qing Dynasty. So, in the early summer of Tongzhi four years, Li Shixian, who had been tossing in Fujian for more than half a year, finally withdrew from Zhangzhou. By this time, the last Taiping Army had already left. As a result, Zuo began to turn the gun to deal with the Fujian "bandits" that he never forgot. Zhangzhou Tulou: Defensive Building 08. During the Tongzhi period of Zuo's understanding, Zuo lamented in his lectures at the imperial court: "Xing, Quan, Yong and Zhang belong to different families, and there are many bandits in the world." But why are there so many bandits in Fujian? Zuo has his own unique understanding of this. As important ministers in the late Qing Dynasty, Zeng Guofan and Zuo both had great scholars before politicians. Their understanding of important people and things can often reach a philosophical level. Zuo once again showed his ability to grasp the essence of things in his measures to control Fujian bandits. Zuo discovered that "bandits" in Fujian are actually the result of the interaction of politics, economy, geography, humanities and other factors. Therefore, in fact, his governance of "bandits" also started from three aspects: politics, economy and military. Fujian, Hunan Xiangyin Left Former Residence, 09. * * * As a matter of fact, the poor people in "eight mountains, one water and one field" in Fujian are fertile soil for Jianghu bosses, and the accumulated grievances of corrupt officials under the management of corrupt officials are the catalyst for cultivating "bandits". Zuo noted that it was a disaster for his fellow villagers for Fujian officials to meet local tyrants and evil gentry. Some local officials will deliberately create unjust, false and wrong cases in order to get rich. If there is murder, they will even reverse black and white and kill innocent people, which will often lead to civil strife in the end. For this phenomenon, Zuo also summed up a general process: a local murder case occurs, officials go to the countryside to investigate and deal with it, and then the local evil gentry will start their activities. After local tyrants bribed officials, the case began to reverse, the government began to catch people who had no money, and those who were caught by * * * began to arm themselves, so the masses finally became "bandits" in the government's mouth. Zuo also found that after villagers don't trust the government, they generally don't report problems to the government, but solve them themselves, so local officials have a new round of opportunities to make money: when ordinary people do it, officials will lead the troops to suppress it, and then take the opportunity to rock the boat. By blackmailing the local rich, the problem of military expenditure was solved, and the rich began to distrust the government. Slowly, more people don't trust the government, and Fujian has become a "water margin". The reason of "bandits" in Fujian is very similar to Water Margin 10. Hu Xueyan had a good way to bully the villagers when he entered Fujian, but when the villagers became "bandits", the government of Fujian began to become timid. Zuo found that all the civil servants in Fujian were good at flattery, but once an emergency happened, the magistrate and the county magistrate became straw bags. The general specialty of Fujian military attache is that he usually makes money, but when he really fights, he becomes timid and has no martial arts. Cure, cure; Fight, fight or not! Local officials are unreliable ... So, Zuo decided to "put people first" and govern Fujian, starting with employing people. The urgent task is to transfer the trusted officials to Fujian. Zhou, Wu Dating, Zhang Shu and Hu from Zhejiang arrived one after another. Among them, the arrival of Hu Dui has far-reaching significance. Hu, the word Xueyan! In fact, when Zuo explained the reasons for using Hu Xueyan in his speech to the imperial court, he pointed out that the poor official management and the unsatisfactory military and political affairs in Fujian were all caused by poverty. The key to governing Fujian lies in financial management. The key to financial management lies in improving political affairs. And to cultivate political affairs, "we must first seek talents who can cure diseases"! Hangzhou: Hu Xueyan's former residence 1 1. Zuo's anti-corruption officials in Fujian punished some greedy and mediocre officials with broad brains, which is another move of Zuo. What is established must be broken! Among corrupt officials, Jinjiang County ordered Ye to take 7000 taels of funds from the state treasury and actually spent 600 taels. There are only more than 200 recruits who signed up for 1000. In other words, the wages of more than 700 people have become his money. Moreover, Ye especially likes to squeeze villagers, because every time he beats villagers to fight, it is his chance to make a fortune. And the style of Yongchun Zhou. First of all, please ask the soldiers to wipe out the local bandits. But "cleaning up" is an excuse, and taking the opportunity to collect 12000 Yin and Yang is the initial intention. However, he shouldn't fool Zuo! What makes Zuo angry is that Zhou Shilian left the army for many days, but he didn't catch the last bandit. In other words, he sold all the places. Therefore, Zhou Shilian was also questioned by Zuo. In fact, Ye, the magistrate of Jinjiang County, and Zhou Shilian, the magistrate of Yongchun County, are not unique; they are just outstanding people. In the five years of Tongzhi, Zuo and Xu Zonggan, the governor of Fujian, went to the government and investigated eight government officials at a time. Hunan people are serious! Zuo promoted a number of capable subordinates, Zeng Xiande and Zhang Shuhong were reused, and 2 18 officials and gentry were also rewarded. Read, read your heart, read yourself 12. Pay comes from salt tax! Fujian uses troops on a large scale, but Fujian has no money. Solving the fiscal and taxation problem is another difficult problem that Zuo has to face. However, unlike other officials, Zuo only won the imperial examination, but most of what he learned was practical knowledge. From the current point of view, other officials are general majors in literature, history and philosophy, while the left is MBA! Fujian is coastal, so there are saltworks in Fujian. Salt tax revenue is an important pillar of finance. However, under the rule of corrupt officials, the salt law was corrupt and smuggling was very severe. Therefore, punishing corruption and rectifying salt affairs are the open source opportunities left to see. First, Fujian salt administration was exempted from all miscellaneous taxes, and then salt bureaus and checkpoints were set up in various counties, and official salt shops were set up to sell salt. At the same time, taxes are collected in places where salt is produced and sold, and taxes are collected at each checkpoint. Both taxes come from private salt industry. In this way, with the official salt revenue and taxes, Fujian's military pay is not a problem. After ensuring the tax source, Zuo mobilized military vessels to patrol and crack down on smuggling. At the same time, it was played, requesting the central government to reduce the silver owed by Fujian Salt Gang over the years. After some tossing, Zuo collected more than 600,000 yuan of various salt taxes. Excluding all kinds of expenses, the remaining tax silver158,000 yuan. In other words, relying on the short-term rectification of the Left, the source of military pay in Fujian Province has been self-sufficient! A scene of Yanchi in Hui 'an, Fujian 13. The left strategy of fighting bandits reorganizes personnel, broadens financial resources, and cracks down on insatiable and furious people. The rest is to conquer bandits and pirates directly. In fact, most of the "bandits" in Fujian are farmers and fishermen. They struggle in extreme poverty, often because of the scale of * * *, and then take risks. Therefore, in fact, when dealing with "bandits", the left way is different from conquering the Taiping Army. He should pay attention to politics. Zuo believes that the way to treat bandits is different from the way to suppress thieves. Killing more thieves is a merit, and killing one more person is a warning to bandits; We can't suppress thieves without taking them, but we can't get them when we treat bandits. This actually gave many people the opportunity to lay down their weapons and go down the mountain to farm. At the same time, the left also reduced the enemy's resistance to a minimum, avoiding more tenacious resistance and a larger peasant uprising in the process of eliminating bandits. The left only dealt with the ringleaders on the spot, while others were only investigated for criminal responsibility according to the circumstances. However, Zeng Guofan and Zuo have long held a view: "We should treat troubled times with heavy codes"! Therefore, although Zuo avoids killing ordinary accomplices, sometimes the handling method is still very strict. Shi A 'er, Fu, and Rui were just taken aboard by pirates to dive and cook, and were caught by Zuo, who each beat 80 sticks, flailing for March. Zuo's former residence is in Beijing. 14. Zuo Zhijun's political strategy of training troops is to isolate a few people, and the political strategy of educating the majority is effective. Left also reformed the Fujian local army "green camp". First of all, he eliminated unqualified soldiers, laid off many old and weak soldiers and opium soldiers, and streamlined 40% troops. But layoffs are not just about saving money. The wages saved by layoffs are subsidized to the remaining soldiers. Zuo also personally selected 3000 lean men for training. At the same time, he also increased the training of navy division and increased the investment in ships and weapons. The fighting capacity of Fujian army has been greatly improved under the management of the Left, and bandits, big and small, have lost the protection of Taiping Army and fallen into a situation of fighting on their own. Therefore, before Zuo left Fujian and entered the northwest, after a series of military actions, the bandits in Fujian Province basically subsided and social security gradually stabilized. Fujian Residential Building 15. Zuo Tongzhi served as governor of Fujian and Zhejiang for two years, entered Fujian in November for three years, and left Fuzhou in November for five years, at the age of 5 1 year. In his recitation, Zuo described his achievements in dealing with "bandits" in Fujian: in the past, this kind of business trip was afraid of its way, but now one person travels at night, and a single kudzu can live alone, so the market increases and the price of goods decreases. Before that, I joined forces to fight ... I resisted arrest and refused to eat. Now I know a little about the unfortunate escape of the national law, and huge cases are rare. However, in the late Qing Dynasty, * * * was under siege, but few people were as capable as Zuo. When ministers and ministers were needed everywhere, Zuo left Fujian again. Two Sima in the Western Han Dynasty, Nanyang Wolong in economy. This is another couplet of Zuo. References: The Complete Works of Zuo, Sun Zhanyuan's Comments on Zuo, Luo's Chronicle of Zuo, Hong Buren's Selected Historical Materials of Minnan Xiaodaohui Uprising, Yin Tie's The Relationship between Hu Xueyan and Zuo from the Perspective of Guiwei Financial Storm, and Dong Pengfei's Research on Bandits and Zuo's Governance in Fujian during Tongzhi Period: Song Jiandong.