How to improve memory and recite better?

Einstein realized that his left hemisphere was extremely developed in middle school, so when he entered the university with extensive teaching at that time, in order to give full play to his specialty, he decisively brushed off many courses that were helpless to his specialty and concentrated on those that could give full play to his specialty. Therefore, in the narrow field, I have gained more and deeper professional knowledge than other students. After graduation, he struggled in the narrow field of physics, and finally founded the theory of relativity, becoming a famous master of science.

1 the preferred mnemonic method of giving full play to one's strengths.

According to legend, after Zhang Shun was knocked down by the land "black whirlwind" Li Kui jy, he knew how to use his own strength in the water to make up for the shortage of land and lead Li Kui jy into the water to win. Imagine that if Zhang Shun doesn't give full play to his strengths and keeps playing jy in Li Kui on land, no matter when he plays, it will inevitably fail; If Chen Jingrun, who is good at memorizing mathematics, learns to cook or sew clothes, Einstein, who is good at logical memory, remembers the illogical information in life, Luo Hehei, who is good at auditory memory, and Homer, a blind Roman poet, remember the visual information ... In short, what happens if people with special skills give up their special skills?

"If you limp and don't get lost, you can catch up with people who fly as fast but go astray." People who don't know how to choose the best and learn from each other's strengths, no matter how hard they work, can only be regarded as blind people on the road of memory. A young man with autism is considered to be mildly mentally retarded and works in a shelter factory. He has an extraordinary memory for a few days. If you test him with a calendar, he will "hit the target with no wig." It turned out that this unique talent was discovered by relatives when the young man was six or seven years old.

Young people who are good at remembering dates are not mentally retarded, but geniuses with memories. Unfortunately, he misused this extraordinary memory ability from the age of six or seven to remember those days that could not be transformed into productivity. Assuming that his relatives discover his memory ability and send him to relevant departments for directional training, so that he can remember high-tech knowledge and practical experience at home and abroad in an autistic environment and find out the relationship between them, then he may have become a rare elite in the scientific and technological field. That was not the case.

Knowing yourself is the premise of choosing the best orientation. The sooner you know your memory skills, the more you can seize the opportunity to improve. Otherwise, it is like "the blind touch the elephant", and the selected "excellent" is likely to be non-excellent or even inferior.

The test scores obtained without mental pressure can be used as a reference for the examination of majors. If the performance of a certain subject is obviously better than that of other subjects, you can focus on a certain subject and make great progress in this field, such as further study, choosing a job, creating and inventing, and solving hot spots skillfully and quickly.

In a constant time, use various sensory organs to remember two groups of materials with the same difficulty and the same amount, and then realize the memory effect. If you find that the memory effect of visual reception is outstanding, then visual memory is your "own strength". Relatively speaking, your "Excellence" is here.

After knowing the quality of your memory, you should let your memory expertise play a full role in the practice of learning and remembering. People's life span is decreasing little by little in the relentless growth of years, while the value of life is deepening and accumulating in the process of choosing the best orientation.

2 stimulate interest memory method

Einstein, the master of science, is also a violinist. He said, "I am eager to express wonderful music, so I force myself to improve my playing skills and it is easy to remember those boring music scores."

On the basis of his extensive interest in "I want to know everything about human beings", Marx effectively memorized human history, drew the development law from it, and discovered the special evolution law of modern capitalist production mode and bourgeois society, which made indelible contributions to human development.

Darwin, a biologist who is famous for the Origin of Species, once said: "I have strong and diverse interests, and I am addicted to what I am interested in, and I am deeply addicted to understanding any complicated problems and things."

Ding Zhaozhong, who won the Nobel Prize for discovering particles, said: "Because I am interested, I am eager to explore the secrets of the material world."

CharlesWEliot, the president of Harvard University, is interested in remembering names only because he once forgot the names of his colleagues in public and made a fool of himself. In order not to make a fool of himself, he aroused his interest in remembering the names of colleagues and students, and achieved success through unremitting efforts, remembering the names of faculty and students who study at school every year.

Interest is the best teacher. How to awaken the "interest" that we often ignore?

Interest can be transformed into the motivation of memory more than fun. Interesting is often "fleeting, laugh it off"; There is always some fun, which is induced by interest in objective things. Interest is the highest form of interest, with lasting purpose and direction, which can often make people crazy enough to forget to eat and sleep.

An operator in Shanghai associates memorizing telephone numbers with the belief that "it is inconvenient for users to suffer rather than suffer". In order to meet the user's demand for accuracy and speed, he became interested in memorizing telephone numbers. This operator had a fruitful practice, and was willing to spend 12 hours trying to recite the phone numbers in more than 3,000 pagers, and then repeat them in time in a way suitable for him, finally reaching the state of answering questions. Clever association and imagination can make the memory object interesting. If you know the story about cocktail in advance, it's easy to remember the word "cocktail":

Legend has it that a long time ago, the only daughter of a famous hotel in new york fell in love with a young man who worked on a boat. One day, in order to calm down the beloved young man when he met his father who opposed this marriage and win his father's favor, the girl specially prepared a mixed drink containing alcohol for him. Just then, the cockfighting beloved by the hotel owner. The rooster suddenly flew, and the feathers scattered on its tail just plunged into the cup filled with mixed drinks. The girl stirred the chicken tail in a hurry and blurted out, "cocktail." Seeing this, my father was very happy to raise his glass and have a drink with the young man.

Stories with interesting images can usually arouse people's interest and get a deeper memory effect.

In the northeastern Congo, if people don't know what they are looking for, they will walk into the "Palm Bookstore" (a bookstore without words), and a group of people who are recognized as talented locally will come to the seeker. As long as the explorer explains the content of the explorer's mission, the master who is proficient in this content will hold the explorer's hand and write the content on the explorer's palm with a purple-blue grass juice, even if it is a book. It is said that the longest "book" can be written from two palms to two arms. After using this kind of "book", you can also go to the "Palm Bookstore" and erase it with a decoloring agent, just like people brush it off on a tape recorder after listening to a recording. Many books use illustrations to attract readers' attention. The American medical community has published some anatomical books with three-dimensional inserts. The insert is beautifully embossed, breaking through the paper, which is very conspicuous and leaves a deep impression on readers. Sichuan Children Publishing House publishes color picture books? Although the seventy-two changes are only 14 pages, they only draw a figure from Journey to the West, China and the Monkey King, which is very simple at first glance. But once it turns, people with new movements, new postures and new clothes emerge in an endless stream, and they are not the same again and again, and they can create up to 2744 patterns! Of course, readers never tire of reading it. Matsushita Electric Co., Ltd. has developed an electronic accessory connected to an ordinary TV set, which can make the screen of the TV set display pictures, and can also be used to draw pictures, and store the drawn pictures, which can be displayed at any time when necessary, becoming a strange electronic photo album.

As long as it can arouse memory interest, it can be remembered and kept for a long time, and infants are no exception. China's master artists became more and more excited when they lost their mother at the age of three. No matter how he cried, as long as his father hummed Kunqu opera, he quieted down and fell asleep. One day, my father was surprised to find that he could sing this Kunqu opera skillfully. I don't know who taught him. In fact, this singing teacher is himself! Just responded to Zhang Zai's sentence: "Don't say that children have no memory, and they can't forget what they have experienced."

3 centralized memory method

Newton kept two cats at home, often scratching at the door to disturb his thinking. So Newton asked his servant to dig two holes in the door without thinking? The big hole enlarges the cat's walk, and the small hole lets the kitten go. The servant asked, "Sir, if the cat can come out of the hole, so can the kitten." Why dig two holes? " Newton actually ignored the attention to simple common sense because he was too absorbed in his own research.

One day, a friend came to visit Newton and made an appointment to have dinner together. The food was already on the table, but Newton didn't come out of the study. This friend has long been used to Newton's strange style? You can't come out until after work, just eat alone. After eating the plate of roast chicken, he played a joke on Newton, put all the chicken bones back on the plate, covered the lid and left Newton's home. A few hours later, Newton came out of the study and felt hungry, so he opened the lid of the plate. When he saw the chicken bones on the plate, he said to himself, "I thought I didn't eat them, but I was wrong again!" " "Then he went back to his study to think and work.

Lavoisier is concentrating on solving a math problem that interests him. Later, he suddenly found himself writing a math problem on the back wall of a taxi, and he followed? Wherever the carriage went, he followed, chalk in hand. Before that, he didn't realize that he had gone downstairs and came to the road. He also followed the carriage and used its back wall as a blackboard.

Charlie Dickens was able to focus all his attention on a plot he created at that time and then move on to the next plot. It seems that a person controls a large searchlight, points the light at one object, studies it thoroughly and then transfers it to another object.

Greek writer ace? Qiang Sen said: "The real memory skill is the attention skill." Concentrated attention can make the brain remember the knowledge and experience that has been noticed fastest, most accurately and most clearly.

An experienced psychologist has heard that a famous mental arithmetic operator can accurately and quickly solve any complicated calculation problem raised by experts or audiences. In order to beat him, the psychologist went to the mental arithmetic operator's residence with great interest and did the following arithmetic problem, which stumped him: "There was a train full of passengers, and there were 3 12 passengers on it when it left the station. Later, the train arrived at a station. 18 people get off, 54 people get on, the train arrives at another station, 8 1 people get off, 44 people get on, 23 people get off at another station, 50 people get on, 67 people get off, 35 people get on, and the train continues to the next station. 12 gets off. Downward 17 people, upward 24 people, the train reaches another station, downward 78 people, upward 85 people, the train reaches another station, downward 94 people, upward 56 people, and then the train reaches the terminal. " When the senior psychologist finished the question quickly, accurately and clearly, the mental arithmetic operator immediately told the audience how many people were on the train when it reached the finish line. The psychologist said, "I didn't ask you how many passengers arrived at the terminal." I want to ask you how many stops did the train stop during this period? " The famous mental arithmetic expert in China was tongue-tied and couldn't answer.

Does the psychologist who gave the question use the mental arithmetic set used by mental arithmetic experts? Focus only on numbers, deliberately use numbers that are not more complicated than usual to attract the attention of mental arithmetic operators, and lose the number of cars passing through the station during the operation? I can't remember when my attention drops, and neither can memory experts. Only by paying attention can you remember what you want to remember.

The environment of concentration varies from person to person. Some of Mao Zedong's works were written in caves. Gorky said: "The Woods have aroused a sense of spiritual peace and tranquility in my heart. All my sadness disappeared in this feeling, and all my unhappiness was forgotten. At the same time, it has also improved my sensibility: my hearing and vision have become much sharper, my memory is much stronger, and there are more impressions stored in my mind. "

People of different ages have different attention spans. Usually, the time to maintain high attention is no more than 30 minutes before 12 years old (if they are interested in back materials, the time can be greatly extended).

The main factors that interfere with attention are: distractions; Bad habits such as drinking, smoking and burning the midnight oil; Lack of dietary regulation; Uninvited guests visit; Drugs that easily distract attention, etc.

The environment where interference is concentrated is mainly: noise exceeding 25 decibels; The light is too strong or too weak; Room temperature that is too cold or too hot; Miscellaneous things that are easy to distract; Absolute quiet environment.

Excluding the interference factors that affect concentration, we can consciously carry out some concentration training and anti-interference self-training. For example, when Mao Zedong was a child, he often used the method of "taking silence from the noise" to study at the city gate. Li Zhengdao often goes to the teahouse to study? The tea drinker is chatting, but he can calm down and read.

Self-reward is also an important means to turn interference factors into stimulation factors and turn attention from dispersion to concentration:

When you need to remember, but there are distractions such as watching TV, taking a bath and drinking tea in your mind, you can take these distractions as prizes after reaching a certain memory goal. In this way, distracting thoughts that can hinder memory will become the best inducer to stimulate memory. Write a paragraph, you can have a cup of tea break 15 minutes; Write down two texts and you can take a bath; If you recite three texts, you can go to see a favorite movie. In this way, sorting out your own distractions one by one from small to large, and putting the first one at the end, seemingly like a trick to coax children, actually has the effect of promoting memory.

Under normal circumstances, as long as the purpose is clear, there is tenacious perseverance and calm mood, and corresponding training measures are taken, the distracted attention will be focused on the content of learning.

4 Multi-tasking? Attention distribution memory method

Many people have the ability to multitask: Lenin has an extraordinary ability to control and distribute attention. It is said that sometimes he can concentrate on four things: presiding over meetings; Listen to people; Research materials; Write a memorandum to the people's Committee on some issues

Ni? Besides? Chernyshevski can do two things at once. While writing articles for Modern People magazine, he can also dictate the German translation of Slosa's World History to his secretary. Some people can focus on certain businesses when they are proficient. For example, when some women are proficient in knitting sweaters, they can knit sweaters without making mistakes, while raising their heads and chatting with others or looking around to pay attention to things of interest. Some typists are skilled enough to keep typing accurately when talking with people who have business relations, even when listening to foreign language broadcasts. Some people have pointed out that the control of these people's movements is completely transferred from the cerebral cortex to the subcutaneous center, so that the movements can be completed automatically without intentional attention, and the cerebral cortex can "free up" to participate in a major memory activity, so that the two activities can be carried out smoothly at the same time.

When two simultaneous activities need attention, one of them must be major and decisive. As a result, there is a problem of attention distribution. For example, when a teacher gives a lecture, students should pay attention to both listening and writing. After students are proficient in writing, they usually allocate most of their attention to unfamiliar listening activities and a small part to skilled note-taking activities. This method can give consideration to both aspects and improve the efficiency of learning and memorizing classroom knowledge.

To learn to remember, we must first learn to allocate attention and focus our scattered attention on unfamiliar and difficult contents.

Different attention will leave different traces on the same thing, thus producing different memory effects. If people from different occupations visit the beautifully decorated, unique and magnificent exhibition hall, will the things recorded in their minds be different due to different occupations? Different attention produces different memory effects. For example, architects will have the brand of exhibition hall architectural characteristics in their minds; Fashion designers will keep the image of exotic clothes and special shoes among tourists in their minds; Calligraphers can remember the original works of famous calligraphers on display. Young people look at a dream of red mansions, focusing on the plot and watching the joys and sorrows of Lin Daiyu and Jia Baoyu. Those who study history and literature focus on observing feudal etiquette, officialdom and folk customs in Qing Dynasty. Poetry experts specialize in the poetry inside. ...

Sometimes, laymen can inadvertently discover new phenomena that experts can't find. When I was actively working or having a rest, I happened to notice novel phenomena unrelated to work, and I had a whimsy. After that, I diverted my previous attention, struggled in new and unfamiliar fields, and achieved much richer returns than my work.

There are individual differences in the distribution of memory. Some people can multitask (actually their brains), some people can have the best of both worlds, some people can only concentrate, and some people find it difficult to concentrate. They should do what they can according to different personal conditions, and must not be overjoyed and insatiable.

5 Reasonable memory method of operation time

Rational use of time memory method mainly arranges different memory contents according to different rhythms of biological clock? Let the beauty of time be equal to the content of memory, that is, remember the most difficult things in the best memory time; Medium quality time, moderate memory difficulty; In a bad time, remember simple knowledge and experience.

Because everyone's best memory time is often different, and it is everyone's best choice to remember different levels of knowledge and experience at the same time:

If one person's best day in a month is the first few days, and the other person is the last few days, then the former should arrange the lessons he remembers in the first few days in the general review, and the latter should arrange the courses with the same difficulty in the last few days in the general review.

If A's circadian rhythm is lark-shaped, B's circadian rhythm is owl-shaped, and C's circadian rhythm is one after another, then we should pay more attention to the memory content in each review day? Because a is a lark, the most difficult thing to remember on each review day should be arranged in the best time period during the day; Because B is an owl, the most difficult thing to remember every review day should be arranged at the best time in the evening. Because C is one type and another, the most difficult thing to remember on each review day should be arranged before going to bed and/or after getting up.

If the degree of time does not correspond to the difficulty of learning, it is undoubtedly a waste of life to remember things that are not complicated or beyond the scope of learning in the best time! However, remembering complex knowledge and experience at a bad time is often half the effort.

Manage time reasonably, but also learn to take the initiative to rest, so that brain cells with different responsibilities can work alternately, such as alternating arts and sciences. The learning content is similar, and the parts of the cerebral cortex are similar. Using the same part for a long time will cause the consumption of materials and the accumulation of waste in local brain cells, thus causing fatigue in advance. Moreover, when similar subjects and similar materials are put together to study, the neural connections in the brain are also close, overlapping and staggered, which is easy to cause confusion.

Students who are good at learning pay great attention to the alternation of arts and sciences to reduce mutual interference. For example, look at physics after learning Chinese, and look at history after learning mathematics. Of course, in the process of learning, if you have a positive rest with cultural and sports activities, it is also very conducive to memory.

In addition, when you have a bad memory, try to chat with questions and get "treasure" in your spare time? Learn to remember "nothing to say" in small talk, and you can remember extra questions that should be remembered at the best time.

6 decentralized (head-tail) memory method

Plan to spend 1 hour reciting an article. 1 hour can be arranged in two ways:

One is the concentration method, that is, within 1 hour, it is repeated repeatedly until it is remembered;

Second, the dispersion method is adopted, that is, the recitation time is divided into several times, such as 20 minutes a day and three days, and the total recitation time is still 1 hour.

Examining the effect of memory, we find that the effect of dispersion method is obviously better than that of concentration method. Why is this?

If a learning process is relatively divided into three stages: pre-learning, middle-learning and post-learning, then the former learning activity will affect the latter learning activity, that is, proactive inhibition. For example, it is often difficult to concentrate after playing football and doing homework immediately. It is because the previous activity has apparently ended, but this nerve activity has not stopped, and it will continue for a while, which will interfere with the later learning activities. The stronger the excitement caused by the previous activities, the greater the interference to the later learning activities. Similarly, the later learning activities will also affect the previous activities, that is, backward inhibition.

Practice has proved that the learning effect at the beginning and the end is always good. Many people get up early in the morning to learn the best. In addition to being clear-headed and energetic in the morning, the morning is the beginning of the day, and their learning activities are basically not disturbed by the front. Some students recite words and texts well before going to bed, because they rest or sleep after reciting, and are no longer disturbed by other activities.

Decentralized learning actually increases the first and last stages of the learning process, with less interference, shorter learning time and less fatigue of brain cells.

When using decentralized learning method, we should master the interval time. Too long an interval is easy to forget, and too short an interval is easy to be disturbed. According to the characteristics that forgetting is fast first and then slow, the initial interval can be shorter, and then it can be gradually lengthened. If the material is too difficult, there can be more spacing; If the learning materials are easier and the content is less, the number of intervals can be reduced.

In contrast, the centralized learning method is easy to make brain cells feel tired, the nerve connection is wrong, and the memory effect will be relatively discounted because of less beginning and end and more interference, so they continue to concentrate on learning similar materials.