Appreciation of the original text "Reward Xue Yi Qi, Send Guo Shaofu Wei Three Certificates"

The original text of "rewarding Xue Lun Qi and sending Guo Shaofu three micro-certificates"

Tang dynasty: Gao Shi

Since I left Beijing, my heart has been gloomy.

After ten years, everything is empty!

Go north to Jiyumen and you can see the desert.

Relying on the sword to resist dust, I miss Huo Wei.

Brush Zhao Yan's clothes and drive the horses away.

Tianchang Cangzhou Road, Handan Guo at dusk,

Restaurants may stay for a long time, and fish ponds stop many times.

When a person walks, he will be prepared to meet difficulties and obstacles, and he will see poverty, goodness and evil.

I am willing to save my life forever, and I am willing to do so!

The emperor's feelings are pure and ancient, and the customs are superficial.

Ren Xian of the pipeline is asking for help.

Old friends are passive, strange and arrogant.

Hidden economic tools, vertical and horizontal Jian' an work,

Just look at the sound first, there is no commitment in the wind.

Wandering in Laozhou County, talking and joking.

East Chi Nai North Hill, West Guo slightly.

Water flows by itself, and clouds are unbearable.

I hope it is suitable for use, and the road is long and its Xiu Yuan is Xi!

Otherwise, buy a mountain, use a plow and chisel,

And if you want to be with emus, how can you yearn for cranes?

Translation and annotation

translate

Since I left the capital Chang 'an, my heart has been melancholy and lonely.

I've been stuck in the chapter for ten years, but everything is empty.

Northbound boarded the thistle gate and saw the vast desert.

Relying on the sword to face the dust, people miss the famous Han Wei and Huo.

I brushed my clothes and left Zhao Yan to catch up with Kyle.

Walking on Cangzhou Road in broad daylight, I arrived at Guo Cheng in Handan in the evening.

Sometimes there are traces in the hotel, and the fishing pond often stays.

A person who travels on the road has seen all the good and evil in the world.

Saving the poor is my long-cherished wish, even if I have to die.

The emperor's wish is to preserve the ancient customs, but now the practice is so frivolous.

The way to govern the country depends on the appointment of talents, and the stability of people's hearts must be concerned.

Both old friends are wizards, extraordinary and outspoken.

With the strategy of saving the world, he wrote a poem that inherited Jian 'an style.

Talent and prestige have long been heard, and honesty and friendship have been repeated.

But you worked hard in each county, and thousands of miles apart blocked the joke.

I looked east at Nabuchi and west at its end.

Ice water flows by itself, and clouds can't send a letter.

If my talents can be appreciated and appointed, the road to heaven will not be endless.

Otherwise, buy a few acres of mountain fields and dig a well to farm.

Let's compare ourselves with wrens. How can we be interested in swans?

To annotate ...

1. Xue Sanyi: Born in Baoding (now Baoding Town, southwest of Wanrong County, Shanxi Province), he was a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

2. Chapters and sentences: this refers to reading chapters and sentences, and poetry refers to being an official and then studying.

3. Wind and dust: There are many wind and sand in the border area, which also refers to the gas of war and separatism.

4. Wei: refers to Wei Qing, a famous soldier in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who attacked the Huns four times and won a great victory.

5. Huo: It refers to Huo Qubing, a famous soldier in the Han Dynasty.

6. Brush clothes: When the ancients set out, they should brush clothes first, and then they often refer to leaving freely.

7. Zhao Yan: Both ancient names refer to the areas of Yan State (now northern Hebei and Beijing) and Zhao State (now southern Hebei, eastern Shanxi and northern Henan) during the Warring States Period.

8. Cang (cāng) Zhou: the land of water songs, that is, the place where hermits often live in later generations.

9.chú (ráo): The person who mows grass and firewood refers to the poor in the poem. Mow the grass. Wilt: Straw.

10. Fuck (gān): attack.

1 1. ding (dǐng) iron pot (huò): This poem refers to cooking torture.

12. Rationalization: namely, governance. The word "governance" was changed to "rationality" to avoid the taboos of Tang Gaozong and Li Zhi.

13. An Ren: An Min. The word "person" was changed to "person" to avoid the taboo of Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin.

14. Ask for help (mò): Ask the people for help.

15. Old friends: refer to Xue Zhi and Guo Wei.

16. Lingqi: The world is different.

17. you (Ji ǐ n) and you (è): integrity.

18. Economic tools: materials to help people all over the world.

19. Jian 'an Works: Poems with Jian 'an Style.

20. Ming: It is highlighted.

2 1. Wind period: refers to the wind festival.

22. Laozhou County: Work hard on county affairs.

23. Dior and Sandy: It's a long way.

24. Limit: barrier.

25. Beiqiu: There are three ancient place names with the same name. This poem refers to the North Hill of the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, in the North and South Hill Township of Boxing County, Shandong Province.

26. Guo (guó) abbreviation: place name, named after Guo in the Spring and Autumn Period. Lingbao County, Henan Province, was originally named Liaolue Town, that is, its land. Beiqiu and Guolue are the places where Guo and Guo are located.

27. Heaven: It originally refers to path to god, and the metaphor in the poem refers to the way to realize one's ambition.

28. Farming (záo): refers to seclusion.

29. Harrier (jiāo) Harrier (liáo): A bird that is good at nesting.

30. Crane: Swan, a metaphor for a person with great ambitions.

Distinguish and appreciate

first part

The first part, from the beginning to "An Ren Begs for mercy", narrates his early experience and his own political ideal. As soon as the poet opened the article, he intercepted the experience of "leaving Beijing" and poured out his sad mood of being depressed and neglected. When the poet first arrived in Chang 'an at the age of 20, he was full of ambition and wanted to make contributions in Chang 'an, but the reality that "clothes should not be wise" broke his fantasy. The harsh reality made him suddenly realize that poets born in poverty had no chance at all. The word "nai" in the second sentence not only shows the poet's psychological turning point from hope to disappointment, but also subtly transitions to the following narrative. In front of the naive poet, Farewell to Beijing is only the beginning of his unfortunate career. Followed by the cross of "observing chapters and sentences for ten years, everything is empty", he also used the theory of "chapters and sentences" to describe his great frustration in seeking officials, and the road to literature was blocked, so the poet wanted to join the army frontier and make contributions to the country on the battlefield. He "boarded the Thistle Gate" and looked at it from afar, only to see the vast desert, full of "dust" (metaphor for border troubles), lamenting the difficulties, and "leaning on the sword" was angry, but unexpectedly, there was no way to volunteer and serve the country. He couldn't help thinking of Wei Qing and Huo Qubing in the Han Dynasty, meeting their heroes, galloping on the battlefield, establishing immortal feats and winning eternal fame, and he couldn't help feeling deeply. Then, with the descriptions of "brushing clothes" and "driving horses", he vividly showed his arrogance and frustration in suppressing power. At the same time, he went to the lower class with a cavity of resentment. "Cangzhou" (the land of water songs, refers to the place where hermits live) left his footprints on the road, and his figure flashed on the wall of Handan, sometimes staying in the restaurant and sometimes perching on the fishing pond, so he was lonely and tasted "hardship"; There is no distinction between good and evil in the world. But the poet's long-term frustration of "being poor is strong" encouraged him to work hard. The life of "difficulties and obstacles" made him deeply understand the sufferings of the people and inspired his ambition to save the world and the people. At this point, because of this article, waves of unrest have risen again and again, singing the grand wish of "always willing to save the grass and save the pot." "Straw" originally refers to people who cut grass and firewood, and this refers to the poor. "Ding wok" is a container of torture in ancient cooking. I am willing to save the people's suffering. Who cares about offending those in power and being tortured to death? Then, with the word "imperial feelings", with the simple legacy of ancient times, compared with the current "superficial" custom, he proved the rationality of his proposition, and then put forward the specific measures of "benevolence", "love" and "seeking happiness" (illness refers to human suffering). The above six sentences are concise, which can be described as the outline of the poet's political ideal in his life.

the second part

The second part is the following six "big friends". Make a stroke first, respond to the theme of "rewarding three certificates of Xue" with yourself and others, and then praise his talents with "spiritual instruments"; Praise his honest and frank generous character with "flattery"; Use "seclusion" to praise him for helping the world and enriching the people, and "Jian 'an style" to describe impassioned poems. As for the "first sound" of talent and reputation, the superb demeanor and sincerity are well-known. Although Xue Ji is "self-sustaining", he is only a magistrate, and Guo Wei is only a "little mansion". This is not only unable to show great ambition, but also fettered by trivial matters of "counties" and "restricted" by geographical barriers. I didn't even have a chance to talk funny, so I had to "rush" and "look west" (Beiqiu, now south of Boxing County, Shandong Province. Guo lue, now northwest of Song County, Henan Province, may be the location of the couple), but it is only a great irony to them. Therefore, the poet's feelings once again broke out strongly. "Seven waters" flow eastward, "floating clouds" drift away, his ideal is "unbearable", a kind of anxiety that waits for no one, a kind of passion for the country and the people, and the poet can't help shouting "I am suitable for use, and the road is broad." In the last four sentences, take the word "otherwise" as another turning point. Imagine that if you are not appreciated, you are determined to "cultivate" your life and stand on your own feet. Such as "Wren" nesting, one is enough (see "Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour"), it can't help "Crane" fly high, flying thousands of miles at a time. Literally, this ending seems to show the poet's quiet state of mind beyond things, but it is actually a satire. He has been keen on politics all his life and has never really thought about retiring. The poet's resentment is not difficult to understand.