Eight notes on reading classical Chinese

1. Read "Liu Ji" in classical Chinese, Liu Ji, a native of Qingtian. Ji Youying is different. His teacher Zheng Fuchu said to his father, "Your ancestors are virtuous, and this son will be a great monarch." From Yuan Dynasty to Shun Dynasty, scholars were promoted. Besides Gao, there is also an honest voice. Save it, thank you. The classics and history of Ji are glimpsed in the book, especially the study of latitude. Zhao, a scholar in West Shu, said that he was the first person in Jiangzuo and thought it was related.

But Mao went to Jinhua, bought a warehouse, heard the name of the base, and hired it with money, but the base did not respond. Sun Yan, the general manager, invited books again, and the foundation began to come out. Now, Chen Shiwu's eighteen strategies. Mao was overjoyed. Chen Youliang will fall into peace and seek the east, and the situation will be very strong. The generals will either discuss surrender or submit to Zhongshan, and will say nothing. When Mao came in, Ji Fen said, "Whoever comes down to run can be beheaded." Mao said, "Sir, are you going to go out safely?" Ji said, "Thieves are arrogant. "When he goes deep, the ambush will invite him to get it, which is easy for him. It is a victory after heaven, and winning the enemy with power becomes the king's business. " Taizu used his strategy to lure friends into understanding, break it, defeat the enemy and reward the base. Basic vocabulary. Friends sent soldiers back to Anqing, and Taizu wanted to ask for his help. Ji Li Zan set out to attack Anqing.

Drought, please stay in prison. That is to say, the foundation of life has been rehabilitated and the rain has followed. Please customize legislation to stop indiscriminate killing. Mao wanted to punish people and ask them why. Mao talks in his sleep. Ji said, "There are many people in this place, so we should stop their punishment and wait for them." Three days later, Haining fell. Mao was happy. He knew that he would pay with prisoners. Find the imperial edict.

At first, Mao blamed Prime Minister Li Shanchang, saying, "Being good at learning from old habits can reconcile generals." Taizu said, "I want to harm you, and you are the land." I am a gentleman. "Keaton first said," it's like an easy pillar, but it needs a big tree. If the beam is small and covered. "And good long, the emperor wants to phase Yang Xian. The constitution is better than the foundation, and the foundation cannot be said, saying, "The constitution has a phase, but no phase device. Husband and Prime Minister quiet inside weigh justice and reason, but people who have nothing to do with them are not. " When the emperor asked Wang Guangyang, he said, "This is more superficial than the Constitution. "Hong Bachelor of Arts Museum for three years. 1 1 month, he was awarded the title of hero, and he was awarded the title of officer, doctor and army guard. Go back to my hometown next year.

Kizo rules the world. He expects things to be like gods, but he is just jealous of evil. Even if I'm still hiding in the mountains, I just drink and play chess. Eight years, died of illness, died in January of sixty-five.

4. The incorrect explanation of the words added in the following sentence is B (prison: litigation case).

A. promotion of Jinshi, except high: conferring official positions. B. please stay in prison during the drought: prison

C. Taizu blamed the incident on Prime Minister Li Shanchang: blamed D. Begging Zhong Cheng and Taishiling: Soon.

5. In the following sentences, what shows Liu Ji's honesty and integrity is D(4 sentences show Liu Ji's bravery; Five sentences show that Liu Ji is modest)

(1) both put forward eighteen guidelines to Chen Shiwu. (2) Ji Fen said: "The Lord descended and ran, which can be beheaded." (3) Defeat the enemy and reward the base. Basic vocabulary. Kilimanjaro praised him and set out to attack Anqing. ⑤ Keaton first said, "It's like an easy pillar, but it needs a big wood. If the beam is small and covered. "

The emperor asked Wang Guangyang, and he said, "This is shallower than the Constitution."

A.①③⑤ B.①④⑥ C.②③⑤ D.②③⑥

6. The following summary and analysis of the relevant contents of the original text are incorrect: B. ("Xian Cheng of Gao 'an County was promoted continuously" is wrong. During the Yuan to Shun years, he served as Cheng of Gao 'an County, when the emperor was not Ming Taizu. )

A. Liu Ji was very smart when he was a child, and he was very proficient in classics and history. He must read all books, especially astronomy and geography. Zhao, a native of West Shu, thinks he is something.

Liu Ji is honest and outspoken, and is highly appreciated and reused by Ming Taizu. He was constantly promoted by Xian Cheng of Gao 'an County, and was named Chengbo before he retired.

C. Liu Ji was indifferent to fame and fortune, and Ming Taizu captured Jinhua to pacify the Cang. When he heard about Liu Ji's fame, he offered to hire him with coins, but Liu Ji didn't agree. Defeated by Chen Youliang, Zhu Yuanzhang rewarded Liu Ji with the reward of defeating the enemy. Liu Ji declined. After returning to China, he lived in seclusion in the mountains, drinking and playing chess, and never mentioned his merits and demerits.

D. Liu Ji is straightforward and hates evil. But he doesn't remember personal grievances, and intercedes for Li Shanchang who tried to frame him many times.

7. Translate underlined sentences into modern Chinese.

(1) Chen Youliang will be peaceful and seek the east, and it will be very strong. The generals either discuss surrender or escape from Zhongshan, but neither will say anything.

Because Chen Youliang captured Taiping Town, it was very severe. Some generals suggested surrendering, while others suggested fleeing to Zhongshan for occupation.

(2) To be good at this, the emperor should be a Yang Xian. Constitutionalism is beneficial to the foundation, and the foundation cannot be said.

When Li Shanchang was deposed, the emperor intended to make yang xian prime minister. Yang Xian has always had a good relationship with Liu Ji, but Liu Ji firmly believes that it is impossible.

2. Read the following classical Chinese and complete question 9- 13. B, roughly 10 D a will, adverb/whatever, adverb; B than, preposition /to, preposition; C then, the modal particles indicating instructions/instructions are not translated; However, d is a conjunction indicating a turning point.

In 1 1 group. C A, "being honest and straightforward" reflects his integrity; Group b is "insincere" and afraid of bringing disaster; Group D was "contemptuous and didn't listen", which showed its courage. 12.d Liu Ji vetoed the candidates for these prime ministers, not for personal purposes.

13 later. (1), Zhang Shicheng was destroyed, and the Central Plains invaded the North, so it became the great cause of emperors, and everything was carried out according to Liu Ji's plan. (3 points) (2) As a prime minister, the mind should be as flat as a bowl of water, taking justice as the standard of executive power without personal subjective opinions.

(3 points) (3) Liu Ji assisted Ming Taizu in unifying the world and was well informed. Nature is strong-willed, takes evil as enemy, and has many contradictions with people.

(3 points).

3. Liu Ji's "Li Yu Catching Rats" ancient reading solution.

Zhao suffers from mice, while Zhongshan begs cats. From Zhongshan people, cats are good at catching mice and chickens. By the end of the month, the mouse is exhausted and so is its chicken. When his son suffered from the disease, he told his father, "What are you going to do?" His father said, "If I knew right and wrong, I would know. I suffer from mice, and I don't care about chickens. If my husband has mice, he will steal my food, destroy my clothes, wear my walls and damage my tools. I'll be cold and hungry. 4 Don't get sick without raising chickens? If there is no chicken, you will have ears if you eat chicken. It's still a long way from hunger and cold. Don't go to your husband and cat! "

Liu Ji, Yu Li? Catch mice

The origin of Chinese characters

Shit: Why not? 2 if: you. ③ Wall: generally refers to the wall. 4 disease: disease, harmful. Yes, than.

Show only a small part of talent

1. Explain the addition of words in the following sentences.

(1) Cats are good at catching mice and chickens () (2) Eating chickens is good for ears ()

Step 2 translate sentences

When his son suffered from the disease, he told his father, "What are you going to do?

3. What are the characteristics of "Cats are good at catching mice and chickens"? (Please answer in the original sentence)

4. What does this story tell us?

Answer: 1. ① Good at ② Eating. 2. His son thought that the cat was a disaster, so he said to his father, "Why don't you drive away the cat that stole the chicken?" 3. For more than a month, the mouse was exhausted and its chicken was exhausted. 4. If you gain, you will lose, and you can't lose big because of small. (or: when things have to be chosen, we should "take the best of the two benefits and the least of the two evils" to minimize losses and maximize benefits; Everything has two sides and everything has advantages and disadvantages. We need a comprehensive measure. Don't be swayed by considerations of gain and loss. )

A Zhao man is worried that there are mice at home. He begged a cat in Zhongshan. People in Zhongshan gave him a cat. Cats are good at catching mice and chickens. For more than a month, the cat ate the mouse, but the cat ate the chicken. His son was very worried and told his father, "Why not get rid of the cat?" His father said, "It's not what you think. I'm worried about mice, not chickens. With mice, it will steal our food, destroy our clothes, break through our walls and destroy our electrical appliances, and we will starve and freeze. No chicken is better than this shortcoming! If there is no chicken, don't eat chicken. We are far from being hungry and cold. Why did you drive that cat away? "

4. Gu Qiuyezhi read Liu Ji's "Jade Ion" in classical Chinese and studied with Ye Yi.

Qiuhu Wild is a farmer, who cultivates frugally, constantly thinking about changing his career, and does not add it to farmers. His uncle's son went to a city doctor and returned to China, wearing his clothes. When he saw it, he was embarrassed and left the farm. The master said, "If you want to listen to yourself, I'll drive you away. If you don't come back in three years, I'll let someone else camp you without regret." He said, "Wei" has passed for more than three years, and the person who did it still wants to come back. Both Tian and Lu can easily change. So the Lord had pity on him and called him, but all his colleagues died of illness, which violated the rules and dared not go back and died. Or Li Yu, Li Yu said: "In ancient times, there were good farmers who didn't stop farming for floods and droughts, and good farmers didn't break the market, which is also called this. Wu people kept the ape in a cage for ten years, but unfortunately they let it go. After believing it, they went home and said,' Not far?' Give up all the valleys. The ape was locked up for a long time and forgot his habits, so he had no food and died. Therefore, the ancients were cautious about unemployment. "

5. Catch mice Liu Ji catches mice in classical Chinese.

Liu Ji

Zhao people suffer from rats, begging cats in the mountains, and Zhongshan people give them. Cats are good at catching mice and chickens. A month later, the mouse was exhausted and the chicken was exhausted. When his son suffered from the disease, he told his father, "What are you going to do?" His father said, "If you know right and wrong. I suffer from mice, and I don't care about chickens. If my husband has mice, he will steal my food, destroy my clothes, wear my walls and damage my utensils, and I will starve and freeze. Don't get sick without chickens! Without chicken, eating chicken has ears, which is far from hunger and cold. If you go to your husband and cat! "

Precautions:

Why don't you get rid of it?

② Barriers: walls

translate

One of Zhao's people (his family) was infested with rats. He went to Zhongshan to ask for a cat, and the people in Zhongshan gave it to him. Cats are good at catching mice and chickens. For more than a month, the mouse lost all the chickens. His son thinks cats are evil and tells his father, "Why not get rid of cats?" His father said, "This is not what you understand. I'm worried about mice, not chickens. With a mouse, it will steal my food, destroy my clothes, pierce my walls, destroy my utensils, and I will starve and freeze. Don't worry about no chicken! Without chicken, it's over if you don't eat chicken, which is far from starvation and freezing to death. How can you drive the cat away like this! "

6. Yu Ion Liu Bowen classical Chinese reading answer "Yu Ion" * * * a total of ten volumes, more than one hundred articles.

The common short stories in teaching are: swift horse, official boat, rat catching, cloud dream field, burning people and raising monkeys.

swift horse

Horses with more ions breed more. People say: it's a swift horse, and it will definitely lead to the inner stable. Li Yu said, from it. When he arrived in Beijing, the son of heaven sent someone to read Gong Fang's book and said, "Although the horse is good, it is not good for Hebei." Put it out for grazing. Nangong Zichao said that Li Yu said: Xihua Mountain is the Ming capital of the real Emperor Wei, and there is a magpie with feathers, full of friends, but only the phoenix can shape the birds in the world, so it is the way of the phoenix, and it is ambitious, thinking that the phoenix will be famous all over the world. When pigeons see it, they say:' The ancient saints took wood as their teacher, and later generations took earth dolls. People who don't understand the mind of the former king also respect the sincerity of people's hearts, not Xiao's appearance. Now it is the opposite, and now it is the opposite. If you sing, you will be guilty. "When he sings, he bites into a sound, blows the branches of Chinese parasol trees, enters Qingyun, and rocks rise in the dark. Pine, Chinese fir, cypress and maple are in harmony, and listening to the vertical listeners horizontally is also stupid and prosperous. As soon as I heard this, I was afraid that I would slap myself in the face, so I made the owl swear to the queen mother's special envoy and said,' It's a magpie with a strange voice, which is ominous.' Make the "cloud bird" chase it day by day and enter the secluded place. The magpie named Yu Haibin as a feather, and the cerulean shot at sight, but it was only a few deaths. Today, I know that my son is not a secluded place, but a magpie.

Guanzhou

When Xi 'an returned to Guangdong from Wu, the Prime Minister sent someone to see him off, saying, "Let me pick my own official boat." Before the sender arrived, there were thousands of people parked in the lake, but Lin Lizi wanted to choose but she didn't know. When the sender arrived, he asked, "There are too many boats to choose?" He said, "it's easy, but the official ship is also broken." In order to get it. Xuanlizi looked up at the sky and sighed: "Is the rule of today also for the people?" Then the people you love are all fresh, so you should be embarrassed. "

Yunmengtian

The king of Chu loves Anlingjun, and Anlingjun uses things. Jing then invited Jiang Yi to explain to Anling Jun, saying, "There are many poor people in Chu, so please borrow the land of Yunmeng to cultivate food, so as not to lose anything." A Ling Junren said to the king's scenery. The other day, when I saw Jing Zi, I asked him about his admission. Amethyst said, "Nothing." An Lingjun said, "Besides being kind to others, what else can I do for the benefit of the king?" Jing Sui turned pale and retreated, saying, "The country is in danger! It is also dangerous to forget the people for profit. "

7. Read Liu Ji's prose in classical Chinese in Ming Dynasty, "Ruibo offers a vest for disaster", and complete the topic 1: ① Satisfy; 2 this, like this; 3 finally, finally; Four each.

Implicit 1:C implicit 1: Zhou Wang Li made commander Rabe attack Rong implicitly 1:( 1) Since you know that the king is insatiable, you induced him to be greedy, which is Rabe's fault. (2) Besides, a gentleman (hero) will not die, and when he dies, he will achieve great fame! Don't princes have natural noble species! Question 1: I think Rab's dismissal was self-inflicted.

Because Rui Ji has told him that Zhou Liwang is an insatiable and slanderous villain, while Rui Bo also offered a horse to intercede, bribed and gave gifts to induce Li Wang's greed, which shows that he is also a despicable person. Comments: As a conjunction, "er" has the functions of "expressing inheritance, merging, modifying and turning", and the specific functions can be analyzed in combination with specific sentences.

Question 1: analysis of the test questions: Wang made Rabe take charge of the army, which means "Pelabe led the army to take the army." According to the principle of structure and meaning, the rhythm of this sentence is "The king sent Master Rabe to conquer Rong". Comments: The correct pause in a sentence is based on a grasp of the meaning and grammatical structure of the sentence. Therefore, when solving this kind of problems, we can first translate the sentences to clearly understand the meaning, and regard the texts with similar meanings as "meaning units", and there is often a pause between "units" and "units"; When analyzing the grammatical structure, we can first grasp the verb, connect the words before and after the verb, observe the whole sentence, find the subject forward, find the object backward, and then find other components, so that we can determine the grammatical structure of the sentence and determine the pause in the sentence accordingly.

Question 1: Analysis of test questions: When translating the sentence (1), pay attention to the sentence "Er refers to you, blasphemy refers to greed, initiation refers to seduction, and it refers to a turning point, so it is". Pay attention to this sentence as a judgment sentence. When translating (2), we should pay attention to the meaning of "except", that is, the meaning of "just" rather than "not", so as to make the whole sentence translation complete and smooth.

Comments: Classical Chinese translation is a necessary question for reading classical Chinese. The standard of classical Chinese translation is three words: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance.

For junior high school students, it is very good to be able to meet the first two standards of "faithfulness" (accuracy) and "fluency". Because the senior high school entrance examination requires literal translation of classical Chinese, it pays attention to the implementation of every word, especially the understanding of key words and the judgment of special sentence patterns.

Question 1: Test analysis: After Rabe's victory, he gave a good horse to Zhou Liwang, who was insatiable and listened to rumors, good or bad. Before giving the horse, Rui Ji advised him, but he didn't listen, which led to the crime of exile. Everyone has his own opinion on this question and discusses the answer from the perspective of criticizing Rabe. Comments: Talk about feelings according to the content of the article. For classical Chinese, the key is to read the content of the article, analyze the characters' practices on the basis of understanding the content of the article, and then talk about their own views according to the characters' practices.

8. Classical Chinese: Cheating (selected from Liu Ji's Jade Ion) There is a guest who likes Buddhism. Every time he talks with someone about reason, he has to move out of Buddhism to overwhelm them, proudly thinking that he has a very unique opinion.

Liu Ji said to the guests: "In the past, Lu people could not make wine, and only people in Zhongshan country were good at making wine for 1000 days. Lu people asked them for advice, but they couldn't get it.

A man in Lu went to Zhongshan to be an official, stayed in a hotel, stole the distiller's grains from the store, went back to Lu, soaked them in Lu's wine and said to people, "This is Zhongshan's wine." Lu people drank it and thought it was Zhongshan wine.

One day, the owner of that hotel visited and heard that there were domestic wines. He wanted to see them. I couldn't help but spit it out as soon as I entered. He smiled and said, "This is Cao juice made from my distiller's grains! Now you can show off your Buddhism to me; But I think the real Buddha will laugh at you. You just learned some dross.