Tang poetry reflecting the economic and cultural prosperity of the Tang Dynasty, urgent! ! ! !

Lu Zhaolin ● The ancient meaning of Chang 'an

Chang 'an Avenue is even narrow and oblique, with green cows and white horses and seven fragrant cars.

the jade chariot crosses the main hall, and the golden whip keeps flowing to the Hou family.

The dragon carries the morning sun, and the phoenix spits tassels with the sunset glow.

A hundred feet of gossamer is racing around the tree, and a group of charming birds are singing flowers.

There are thousands of colors on the side of the butterfly gate.

The crossing window of multiple paths is acacia, and the phoenix wings are hung from the double que.

the sky rises in Liang Jia's painting pavilion, and the golden stems of Han emperor are straight outside the clouds.

I don't know each other in front of the building, but I meet you on a stranger?

By the way, I played the flute to Ziyan. I once learned to dance for a long time.

I'd rather be a mandarin duck than a fairy.

it's really admirable to be a lovebird, but I can't see you when you go away and come back.

I hate embroidering Lonely Luan on my forehead, so that I can get the curtain to post Shuang Yan.

Two swallows fly around the painted beams, and the flowers are covered with tulips.

pieces of clouds are covered with cicada wings, and the first moon is covered with crow yellow.

the crow's yellow powder is white in the car, which contains charm and feelings.

The demon boy BMW is tied with money, while the whore Panlong is bent on her knees.

It's dark at night in Yushi Mansion, and birds want to live in front of Tingwei.

The faint city of Zhucheng is adjacent to Jade Road, and there is no golden dike in the distance.

Flying eagle with bullets in the north of Duling, exploring pills in the west of Kewei Bridge.

Everyone invited the chivalrous man Furong Sword to stay at the prostitute's house.

The prostitute's house is full of purple dresses at sunset, singing songs and singing.

the people in the north hall are like the moon at night, and the people in the south are riding like clouds.

South Mo Bei Tang is connected with Beili, and five dramas and three articles control three cities.

the weak willow tree hangs on the ground, and the good spirit rises in the dark sky.

In the Han Dynasty, Jin Wu rode a thousand horses, and the jade Tu Su Nautilus Cup.

Luo's treasure belt is the solution for you, and Yan's song and Zhao's dance are the opening for you.

don't be extravagant, and you won't give in the next day.

the spirit comes from the irrigation and drainage man, and the monopoly cannot be judged by Xiao Xiang.

authoritarian spirit is heroic, and young people sit in the spring breeze.

I talk about singing and dancing for thousands of years, and I call myself arrogant and extravagant.

save things and scenery, and the mulberry field will be changed in an instant.

In the past, Bai Yutang was in the golden rank, that is, only Qingsong is here now.

Lonely and lonely, living in Yangzi, with a book every year.

Nanshan osmanthus hair is unique. It flies around and attacks people.

Since the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, there have been many works that describe the extravagant and expensive life of the upper class with the famous names of Chang 'an and Luoyang as the background, and some poems even imply irony through comparison, such as "Ode to History" by Zuo Si. Lu Zhaolin's poem uses traditional themes to write about all kinds of real life in Chang 'an at that time, and expresses today's feelings with the help of "ancient meaning". The poem can be divided into four parts.

The first part (from "Chang 'an Avenue is even narrow and oblique" to "Prostitute Panlong Golden Kneeling") tells the story of the life in which the rich and noble people in Chang 'an compete for luxury and pursue pleasure. In the first sentence, the plan of Chang 'an is unfolded with great momentum, and the avenues extending in all directions are intertwined with the alleys as dense as cobwebs. The second sentence is the street view, which is a myriad of cars and BMWs, which are constantly flowing. In this way, I always mention the program concisely, and then I will paint it with pen and ink, describing it wantonly and Wang Yang: jade rafts, endless streams of golden whips, dragons holding treasure covers, phoenix spitting tassels, etc., which are really like the falling clouds and gorgeous curls. Of course, these people who hold "golden whip" and ride "jade chariot" and have luxurious cars and go in and out of the princess's first house and the princes' home are not idle people. "Vertical and horizontal" shows that there are many people, and the "stream" is endless, and the pace of life that pursues pleasure is as fast as a whirlwind. This kind of scene rises from "Asahi" to "Sunset", and there is no time or time in 26 o'clock. In Chang 'an, not only people are busy, but also the scenery is rich and lively: writing "gossamer" is "hundred feet", writing "charming birds" is crowded, and the word "struggle" and "* * *" all show the downtown meaning. Scenery has the function of foil. The architecture of Chang 'an is described below, and the "flowers" bring out the bees and butterflies, and the bees and butterflies travel to bring out the forbidden scenery that ordinary people have no reason to see, which is flexible. The author doesn't fully describe the structure of the palace, but only shows a few close-ups: the palace gate, the colorful balcony, the window lattice with finely carved patterns of acacia flowers, and the treasure top decorated with golden phoenix's double que ..., which makes people get a panoramic view of the magnificent palace through these splendid parts that flash by one after another. When writing about the first residence of a rich family, the style of writing is more concise: "The Liang family (Liang Ji of the Han Dynasty, who borrowed from poverty, refers to the aristocrats of Chang 'an) rose from the sky", which is more majestic than the bronze pillars of the Han Palace. This colorful pen and ink, the endless scenes, are dizzying and elated. So, on the plane of thoroughfare avenue and winding alley, a gorgeous building with cornices stands, which becomes a three-dimensional "stage", which is the paradise of the upper class. This part of the city landscape, which took a lot of pen and ink to write, also constitutes the background of the whole poem, and the next part of all kinds of characters are still active in this background.

Chang' an is a sea of people, and there are so many people that "we don't know each other when we meet each other in front of the building, but we meet each other on strangers?" Here, "luxury, arrogance, narrowness, evil, and omnipotence" is enough to write. The author did not write a comprehensive description of Haogui's life, but wrote a long paragraph about the singers and dancers of the giants, and through their emotions and lives, he could see one spot of the life of the giants. Someone here fell in love at first sight, and found out that the woman as beautiful as the fairy Nong Yu ("Blowing the flute to the purple smoke") was a dancer in your family, which aroused his love: "Why not give up your life if you win a match? I would rather be a mandarin duck than a fairy." The dancer also got the message: "I'm so envious of seeing a mandarin duck, but I can't see you when I'm away." I hate to embroider loneliness on my forehead, so that I can get the curtain and post Shuang Yan. " The four sentences of "Excuse me" and "Compare Eyes", in the language of inner monologue, are echo each other, with a man's heart and a woman's mind. The contrast between a series of paired things such as Bimu, Yuanyang and Shuang Yan and Lonely Luan, and the decisive and repeated statements such as "Why to die", "Don't envy immortals", "Really envy", "Easy to take" and "Life hate" are extremely written about the fanaticism and pain of love. These poems dedicated to "men and women" are just like Wen Yiduo's admiration. Compared with "Look at the air and look at your mercy, who can be ashamed and refuse to move forward" (Jian Wendi's Wuqi Qu), such as "morbid shamelessness" and "weak feelings", "What boldness is this now" and "It really has the power to revive the dead" (Redemption of Palace Poetry). Through the description of the dancer's mind, it reflects Chang 'an people's desire for love from the side. The following is based on Shuang Yan, writing about the boudoir of your girl dancer ("Luo Wei Cui is tulip"), which is so fragrant; I wrote about their dressing ("Clouds are flying with cicadas, and the first moon is full of crow's yellow"), which is so enchanting and "charming and full of emotions". Dressed up, I loaded into a BMW car and went out with my noble master. At the end of this part, there are two sentences: "The demon boy BMW has iron and money, and the prostitute Panlong has gold knees (the dragon-shaped leaves are carved, and the car is decorated." Bend your knees. ) "and the first" green cow, white horse and seven fragrant cars "respond, marking the end of the description of Chang' an's daytime heat. In the next part, I write about Chang 'an Night, which no longer involves the situation of the rich and powerful, in order to let more kinds of characters perform. At the same time, it is not difficult to infer the situation of the rich and powerful from their enjoyable life. It can be seen that the pen is complicated and simple.

The second part (from "Night Crying in the Imperial Palace" to "Singing songs and dancing for the monarch") mainly focuses on street prostitutes and writes about the nightlife of all kinds of people. Hanshu. Zhu Bochuan said that there are thousands of crows perched on cypress trees in the Imperial Palace of Chang 'an, Historical Records. Biography of Ji Zheng said that Zhai Gong was absent after Tingwei dismissed from office, and this part began to use allusions flexibly. "The night crow" and "The jade road in Zhucheng is faint, and there is no golden embankment in the distance" write dusk scenes, indicating that time has entered dusk. "Birds want to live" implies that law enforcement officers such as Yushi and Tingwei are neglected and have no power. At night, Chang 'an became a paradise for "adventurers", where there were dissolute sons with bullets and flying eagles, lawless teenagers who plotted against public officials (in the Han Dynasty, Chang 'an teenagers had an organization to murder officials for revenge, and set up three kinds of red, white and black projectiles before the action, so they were called "exploring pills to borrow guests"), and there were chivalrous men who traveled with swords ... These people who were on the same side during the day seemed to be invited as well. The use of "peaches and plums" refers to prostitutes, not only because peaches and plums can be described as colorful, but also because the idiom "peaches and plums don't say anything, but they make their own way" implies that it is also a hot place for people to come and go. People are obsessed with singing and dancing here, intoxicated by the fragrance of the atmosphere, and prostrate themselves under the purple Luo skirt. In the prostitutes' door, it seems that youth can last forever. Outside the prostitute's door, it seems that the door will not be left out. From "night" to "dynasty" and from "dynasty" to "night" with the previous part of "dragon", the time is continuous with each other, which shows that the enjoyment of Chang 'an people is day and night. Chang 'an street is criss-crossed, and the market is prosperous ("Five Dramas", "Three Streets" and "Three Cities" refer to various streets), while there are many prostitutes ("South Mo Bei Tang Lian Bei Li"), which has become a "social center". In addition to the above-mentioned carefree figures, there are also a large number of imperial officers ("Jin Wu") who neglect their duties and come here to drink for fun. Here is a big exhibition of all kinds of goods. Historical records. Funny Biography wrote: "At sunset, the wine stops, and the men and women are seated together, and they are staggered. The cups and plates are in a mess, and the candles are extinguished in class. "Luo Luo Jin unties, and I smell the fragrance." Here, "Luo Luo Bao Dai is a gentleman's solution", that is, it implies the same scene with one or two words. In ancient times, the songs and dances of Yan and Zhao were developed and there were many beautiful women, so they wrote their music and entertainment with "Yan Song and Zhao Dance". In this part, all kinds of characters in Chang 'an appear scene by scene, "through the' weak Liuqinghuai' of' five plays and three articles',' * * * stays with prostitutes. Admittedly, this is not a beautiful excitement. But there is trembling in this madness and spirituality in depravity (Wen Yiduo), which is by no means comparable to the anaemic and languid palace poems.

in the third part (from "no luxury" to "only seeing the pine tree now"), it is written that the upper class in Chang 'an has a desire for power, which drives the civil and military officials to struggle with each other. These luxury figures, known as the generals, have the right to turn to the emperor ("returning to the sky") and do not give in to each other. Guan Fu was a general in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and because of his relationship with Dou Ying, he was condemned as the prime minister Wu 'an Hou Tian Fen (Historical Records). Biography of Wei Qiwu An Hou); Xiao He, the prime minister of Emperor Gaozu, was the first to be credited by Gaozu, and Wu Chen was unhappy (Historical Records. Xiao Prime Minister Family "). The sentence of "high spirits" refers to the mutual exclusion and conflict between civil servants and military commanders. Its proud people are arrogant for a while, but they call themselves rich for thousands of years. In this section, the sentences "Qing Qiu (dragon refers to a fine horse) Ziyan (the name of a fine horse) sits in the spring breeze" and "talking about singing and dancing for thousands of years" echo the descriptions of horses and chariots and singing and dancing in the previous two parts. Therefore, although you write another content, the hooks and locks that are related to each other are not free. "Self-talk" and "self-talk" are ironic and self-sufficient. The following is a turning point, such as going downhill: "the scenery of the festival is not treated, and the mulberry field is blue and the sea needs to be changed." In the past, Bai Yutang was a golden step, that is, only Qingsong is here now (referring to the tomb field). " These four sentences are not only in terms of "luxury", but actually sweep away all kinds of roles mentioned in the unprecedented two parts, just as Shen Deqian said: "Chang 'an Avenue is luxurious, extravagant, narrow, evil and colorful. Since I won the favor, I am a chivalrous man, while Jin Wu and the powerful minister are all staying at the prostitute's house, claiming that I can keep my wealth forever. However, the vicissitudes of life are short-lived, and only the tomb of the market exists. " The four sentences not only contrast in content with the previous long narration, but also wash the algae and paint in form, and the language turns simple. Therefore, there is also a contrast between the shades of ci poetry, which highlights the tragic effect of sweeping away everything. Wen Yiduo pointed out this new theory of evolution, and it seems that there is a suspicion of "advising the hundred to satirize one" here. And the irony in the palace poems, what a strange news!

The fourth part, namely the last four sentences, makes a horizontal comparison on the basis of the vertical comparison between the past and the present, and ends with the comparison between the poor and worried writers and the luxury figures in Chang 'an. Here, the influence of Zuo Si's poem "Helping the Capital" is obvious. But eight of the left poems are about luxury, and eight are about Yang Xiong. However, if this poem is written in sixty-four sentences, its content is rich, the picture is magnificent and the details are vivid, which is far from being comparable to that of the left poem. Finally, write Yang Xiong in four sentences. The contrast here seems to be disproportionate in weight and the effect is more remarkable. The front is Chang' an city, which is vigorous; And here is the Zhongnanshan Mountain, "lonely and lonely". In front of us, we are free to indulge ourselves and rely on power. Here, we are abstinent and unwilling, and we don't care about glory ("a book every year"). The former has lost its reputation, while the latter is immortal with its literary name ("unique osmanthus hair in Nanshan, flying around and attacking people"). Although four sentences are compared with sixty-four sentences, it has its own feeling that "the scale weighs a thousand pounds." This ending not only contains the criticism of the extravagant and vulgar life in a very different life interest, but also contains the sense of indignation and loneliness of those who are not in the time and the meaning of self-forgiveness. It is where this poem belongs to interest.

This magnificent system appeared in the Seven Ancient Dynasties, which was unprecedented in the early Tang Dynasty. And it is better to be full of emotion and strength. It mainly adopts the method of giving, but it does not evenly force and spread the story all the time; Instead, it has a focused and detailed description, and it is taken care of in a circle, and the details are appropriate; And the ending is quite xingyi, which is resistant to people. Generally, it changes scenery or meaning with four sentences, and the rhyme changes, forming a lively rhythm. At the same time, in the change of scene, multi-purpose lianzhuge (such as "... good to take the curtain post Shuang Yan. Shuang Yan ..... ","... on the crow's yellow. Crow yellow ..... "), or the general sentence pattern of multiple layers after the first division (for example," If you get a better score than your eyes, why don't you quit? You'd rather be a mandarin duck than an immortal. Bimu Yuanyang ..... ","North Hall is like a moon every night, and the south is like a cloud. South devoted to the North Hall ... ","The source of the spirit is the irrigation and drainage husband, and the dictatorship can not be judged by Xiao Xiang. Authoritarian spirit ... "), make meaning change words, forming a lingering melody in the end. In this way, Chen Sui's phenomenon of "the sound is good and the rhythm is not harmonious" ended, "the essence is clear and bright when it changes; The ups and downs, the harmony of the palace merchants; Opening and closing conversion, salty and to the point "(volume 3 in" Poetry "); Therefore, Hu Yinglin praised: "Seven words are long, and it is extremely good!" (ditto) Although this poem is colorful and rich, it still has more than six dynasties, but it can generally meet the needs of new content; In the first few parts, the luxurious and beautiful sentences are laid out, and the vertical and horizontal contrast at the end makes the words clear, so it doesn't hurt the elegance. In the early Tang Dynasty, when the palace was full of vogue, Lu Zhaolin "let go of his rich and mellow voice" and sang such a song, which overwhelmed the "delicate insects singing on all sides". It was indeed a gratifying new voice in the history of the development of the seven ancient times, and as far as the artistic value of the poem itself is concerned, it was enough to make him known as "never waste rivers and streams".