Qu Yuan's profile

Qu Yuan is the earliest romantic poet in China. His original surname is Mi, and his first name is Ping. He is a descendant of Qu Xian, the son of Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong. The first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature. His appearance marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to solo. Born in Lepingli, San Lv Township, Zigui in 340 BC.

Qu Yuan was diligent and studious since he was a child. In his early years, Chu Huaiwang trusted him. He is Dr. Zuo Zuo and Dr. Sanyi. He often discussed state affairs, participated in the formulation of laws, advocated rules and regulations, advocated morality, reformed politics, and United against Qin. Promote "American politics." With the efforts of Qu Yuan, the strength of Chu State has been enhanced.

Because of my personality, I don't want to listen to Dr. Shangguan when amending the regulations. In addition, Chu Huaiwang's Ji Yin, Shangguan's doctor and Qu Yuan's favourite were all bought by Zhang Yi, the envoy of Qin State, which not only prevented him from accepting Qu Yuan's opinion, but also alienated Huai 'an. Qu yuan's king. .

In 305 BC, Qu Yuan opposed an alliance with the State of Qin, but Chu completely embraced the State of Qin. Qu Yuan was also expelled from Chu by Chu Huaiwang and began his exile. As a result, under the command of his youngest son Zilan and others, King Huai of Zhu was deceived by the State of Qin and imprisoned in the State of Qin. After the King of Chu, Qu Yuan continued to be persecuted and exiled to the south of the Yangtze River.

In 278 BC, General Qin led his troops south to attack the capital of Chu. Qu Yuan's political ideal was shattered and he was desperate for the future. Although his heart is devoted to serving the country, he can't return to heaven. He can only die in May of the same year. I don't want to commit suicide in Luojiang. May 5th is now designated as Poet's Day.

During his exile, Qu Yuan left many immortal masterpieces to future generations. His works, gorgeous words, strange imagination, novel metaphors and profound connotations have become one of the origins of China literature.

After Qu Yuan was exiled, in the conversation with the fisherman, the fisherman advised him not to "think deeply" but to look for bitterness. Qu Yuan said that he would rather die in the river than be innocent and suffer from the dust of the world. In the eyes of fishermen, there is no need to be too high. The world is clean, the world is chaotic and can fluctuate.

In 278 BC, the state of Qin conquered the capital of Chu. On May 5th of that year, Qu Yuan died in despair, sadness and angry hope. The Dragon Boat Festival is also the result.

Extended data:

I. Literary achievements

Qu Yuan is a poet, and only from him did China have a writer famous for his literature. He founded the style of "Chu Ci", which is known as "clothing is a poet, not a generation".

According to the collation of Liu Xiang and Liu Xin and Wang Yi's annotation, there are 25 works of Qu Yuan, namely Li Sao, Tian Wen, Jiu Ge, Jiu Zhang, Yuan You, Buju and Fisherman.

According to Sima Qian's words in Historical Records and Biography of Qu Yuan, there is also an article "Evocation of Soul". Some scholars believe that Zhao Da is also the work of Qu Yuan. However, some people suspect that the chapters behind Journey and some chapters in Nine Chapters were not written by Qu Yuan. According to Guo Moruo's textual research, there are 23 works of Qu Yuan that have been handed down. Among them, Nine Songs 1 1, Nine Chapters, Li Sao 1, Tian Wen 1, Evocation 1.

Qu Yuan's works are closely related to myths. Many illusory contents are developed from myths. Qu Yuan is also a poet who pays attention to reality. His works reflect various contradictions in the real society, especially the dark politics of Chu.

The style of Qu Yuan's works is obviously different from the Book of Songs. This is related to the differences in folk customs between the Yangtze River Basin and the Yellow River Basin. At that time, the north had entered the patriarchal society, and Chu still had the legacy of clan society, which was tough and lively, and was not bound by etiquette.

Second, political achievements.

1, strategic equipment:

Shang Yang and Wu Qi's political reforms are all like this, and people are looking forward to it, whether they are farming or going out. Only by establishing a reward and punishment system will civil servants and people be willing to do their best for the promotion of professional titles.

2. Reward:

Tian Ji's "Qi Huangong" turned Xia Ji into a learning hall, which was open to talents. In the era of Qi Weiwang, Xia Ji Xuegong is still a place where scholars all over the world flock to it. Qu Yuan, at this time, such a reform is just the right time. However, it was in sharp contrast with the military reform of King Wuling of Zhao at that time. 10 years later, when Zhao became a powerful country in the Warring States period, Chu became increasingly depressed because of its weakness.

3. Anti-shielding:

Let the king of Chu exchange the needed materials with the people to break the situation surrounded by traitors of the king of Chu; The monarch can see the sufferings of people's livelihood clearly and does not listen to partiality. And the opinions of the theme can also reach Chuting at high speed.

4. No cronies:

In view of the fact that nobles and the old clan of Chu often collude with each other for personal gain, they crack down on ministers and workers with different political views and restrain them by law.

5. Reward and punishment:

Both Shang Yang, a famous legalist, and Wu Qi, a military strategist, pay attention to using strict laws to restrain the merits and demerits of soldiers. On the issue of political reform, Qu Yuan integrated the essence of legalists and military strategists.

6. Change customs:

Qu Yuan hated the unhealthy trend of Chu, and every eloquent and eloquent old courtier took advantage of the country's thematic interests. This reform also restrained Chu's bad habits in the form of law.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qu Yuan

Brief introduction of Qu Yuan's life

1, Qu Yuan was a poet of Chu in the Warring States Period.

2. Qu Yuan, China, a poet and politician of Chu during the Warring States Period. Born in Chu Danyang. Mi surname, Qu family, human, the word is native; Since the cloud name is regular, the spirit word is even.

3. In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as a Zuotu, and he was also a doctor of San Lv, in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. Advocate "American politics", advocate improving talents and abilities internally, improve statutes, and unite external forces to resist Qin. Slashed by nobles, he was exiled to Hanbei and Yuanxiang Valley. After General Qin Bai Qi attacked Ying, the capital of Chu, Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River and died heroically.

4. Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China, the founder of China's romantic literature, and the founder and representative author of Chu Ci. He initiated the tradition of "vanilla beauty" and was praised as "the ancestor of China's poetry" and "the ancestor of Ci Fu". The appearance of Qu Yuan marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality. Qu Yuan's major works include Li Sao, Nine Songs, Nine Chapters and Tian Wen.

5. The Songs of Chu, with Qu Yuan's works as the main body, is one of the sources of China's romantic literature, and it is also called "Sao" with the Book of Songs, which has a far-reaching influence on later poetry.

6. 1953, on the occasion of the 2,230th anniversary of Qu Yuan's death, the World Peace Council passed a resolution to identify Qu Yuan as one of the four cultural celebrities in the world.

Why did Qu Yuan throw himself into the river?

Qu Yuan committed suicide by jumping into the river because in 278 BC, Qin Jun attacked Kyoto of Chu. Seeing that his motherland was invaded, Qu Yuan was heartbroken, but he was always reluctant to give up his motherland. On May 5th, after writing his masterpiece Huai Sha, he died in Miluo River and wrote a magnificent patriotic movement with his own life.

Legend has it that after Qu Yuan's death, the people of Chu were so sad that they flocked to the Miluo River to pay homage to Qu Yuan. The fisherman paddled the boat and fished for his real body back and forth on the river. A fisherman took out rice balls, eggs and other foods prepared for Qu Yuan and threw them into the river, saying that ichthyosaurs, shrimps and crabs were full and would not bite the doctor.

People followed suit after seeing it. An old doctor took an altar of realgar wine and poured it into the river, saying that he would stun the dragon water beast with medicine so as not to hurt Dr. Qu. Later, people were afraid that rice balls would be eaten by dragons, so they came up with the idea of wrapping rice with neem leaves and then wrapping it with colored silk to make it develop into brown seeds.

After that, on the fifth day of May every year, there is the custom of dragon boat racing, eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine. In memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.

Extended data

Qu Yuan's political achievements:

First, enjoy farming. Rewarding farmers is to increase taxes, enrich the country and enrich the people, and rewarding campaigns is to strengthen military strategic equipment; Shang Yang and Wu Qi's political reforms are all like this, and people are looking forward to it, whether they are farming or going out. Only by establishing a reward and punishment system will civil servants and people be willing to do their best for the promotion of professional titles.

Second, give merit. During the Warring States period, the practice of respecting the virtuous corporal was initiated, which made Wei dominate for more than a hundred years in the early Warring States period. Secondly, Tian Ji's "Qi Huangong" turned Xia Ji into a learning hall, which accepted talents. In the era of Qi Weiwang, Xia Ji Xuegong is still a place where scholars all over the world flock to it.

Qu Yuan, at this time, such a reform is just the right time. However, it was in sharp contrast with the military reform of King Wuling of Zhao at that time. 10 years later, when Zhao became a powerful country in the Warring States period, Chu became increasingly depressed because of its weakness.

People's Network-Origin and Legend of Dragon Boat Festival

Brief introduction of Qu Yuan's life

Qu Yuan, surnamed Mi, was born in a noble family in Chu.

Born in Lepingli, San Lv Township, Zigui in 340 BC. Qu Yuan was studious and ambitious since childhood. In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as Zuo Tu and Dr. San Lv. He often discussed state affairs with Chu Huaiwang, participated in the formulation of laws, advocated clear laws and regulations, appointed talents, reformed politics, and united with Qin. While presiding over foreign affairs. He advocated that Chu should unite with Qi and * * * should contend with Qin. Advocating "American politics."

With the efforts of Qu Yuan, the national strength of Chu State has been enhanced. However, because of his own personality, honesty and frankness, he was bought by Zhang Yi, the envoy of Qin State, together with Jin Shang, the doctor of Yin and Shangguan, and his favorite concubine, which not only made him unable to accept Qu Yuan's opinion, but also alienated him.

In 305 BC, Qu Yuan opposed the conclusion of the Yellow Thorn Alliance between Chu Huaiwang and Qin, but Chu completely embraced Qin. Qu Yuan was expelled from the capital by Chu Huaiwang and began his exile. As a result, Chu Huaiwang was lured by the State of Qin, and the prisoner died in the State of Qin. After Xiang Wang ascended the throne, Qu Yuan continued to be persecuted and exiled to Jiangnan.

In 278 BC, the general of the State of Qin led an army south to attack the capital of Chu. Qu Yuan's political ideal was shattered and he was desperate for the future. Although he wanted to serve his country, he was unable to return to heaven, so he had to die in the Miluo River in May of the same year.

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"The blue water is clear, you can lick my tassel; The water in the rough waves is turbid, so you can lick my feet. " After Qu Yuan was exiled, in a conversation with the fisherman, the fisherman advised him to "keep pace with the times" instead of "looking ahead and looking back" and asking for trouble. Qu Yuan said that he would rather die by throwing himself into the river than exposing his innocent body to worldly dust. In the eyes of fishermen, life need not be too lofty. The world is clean and honest, and you can come out as an official; The world is turbid and can rise and fall with the world. As for "thinking deeply and doing high", there is no need to end up in exile.

The dialogue between Qu Yuan and the fisherman shows two philosophies of life. In 278 BC, Qin conquered the capital of Chu. On May 5th of that year, in despair and grief, Qu Yuan threw a big stone into the Miluo River and died. The Dragon Boat Festival is also the result.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qu Yuan

Quyuan's detailed information

Qu Yuan was a poet and politician of Chu State during the Warring States Period in China.

Born in Zigui, Danyang, Chu. Mi surname, Qu family, human, the word is native; Since the cloud name is regular, the spirit word is even. Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong's son Qu Xian's descendants.

When I was a teenager, I was well educated, knowledgeable and ambitious. In his early years, he was trusted by Chu Huaiwang as Zuotu, and was also a doctor of San Lv, in charge of internal affairs and foreign affairs. Advocate "American politics", advocate improving talents and abilities internally, improve statutes, and unite external forces to resist Qin.

In the thirty-fifth year of Zhou Nanwang and the nineteenth year of King Xiang of Chu, Sima Cuo, the general of Qin, attacked Chu, and Chu ceded Shang Yong and Hanbei. In the second year, he attacked Chu and took evil spirits, Deng and Xiling.

In the thirty-seventh year, Ying capital was further captured, and King Xiang of Chu had to flee with the ruling nobles in order to "protect himself from Chen Cheng".

In a state of extreme depression and complete despair, Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. This year is about twenty-one years of Chu, and Qu Yuan is about sixty-two.

Qu Yuan is the first great patriotic poet in the history of China, the founder of China's romantic literature, the founder and representative writer of Songs of the South, and has created the tradition of "vanilla beauty", and is known as "the father of Ci Fu" and "the father of China's poetry".

Chu Ci, with Qu Yuan's works as the main body, is one of the sources of China's romantic literature, and it is also called "coquettish" with the Book of Songs, which has a far-reaching influence on later poetry.

Extended data:

1, literature achievement

Qu Yuan's works are rich in imagination and magnificent in ci style. In Lisao, a large number of myths and legends are used to assemble the sun, the moon and the wind into poems, which makes the words very colorful. He also highlighted the story of three times to find a woman to express his enthusiasm. "

He is good at describing a gentleman with beauty and vanilla; Rotten wood and dirty grass are metaphors of villains, and the scene that the king trusts, the traitor in power and the patriot can't serve the country is vividly written in a contrasting way.

Qu Yuan's works are full of positive romantic spirit. Its main performance is that he integrated his passionate pursuit of ideals into artistic imagination and magical artistic conception. Wind arouses Chu is the style of Qu Yuan's Chu Ci.

Qu Yuan was ostracized and framed by Mix, which made Chu Huaiwang, who once trusted him very much and relied on his reform and self-improvement, have doubts about him, and even alienated from exile. After King Xiang of Chu came to power, he became more fatuous and increasingly corrupt in politics. Chu was facing the crisis of national subjugation and persecuted patriots like Qu Yuan.

Qu Yuan's moral integrity, noble personality and patriotic actions have all become crimes. He turned his anger into poetry, forming an emotional appeal. This sentiment is very strong in the nine chapters.

Qu Yuan's works also use a series of metaphors to express his feelings. For example, he used flowers and herbs to describe a noble gentleman; Use smelly things and Xiao Ai as metaphors for traitors or disloyal villains; Wearing vanilla symbolizes the poet's moral cultivation.

This technique of "vanilla beauty" makes a sharp contrast between loyalty, ugliness, goodness and evil in reality, and produces a concise and endless artistic effect. For example, "Nine Chapters of Mourning" wrote at the beginning: "The emperor's life is unclean, and it is not a shock to the people. The people lost each other, and Fang Zhongchun moved eastward. "

The poet expressed great resentment at the destruction of the country and the pain of the separation of the people, and wrote his unique strange, angry, desolate and cold poems. In many poems, he expressed great indignation that the society at that time did not attach importance to talents and thought that he was incompetent.

The poet was angry and showed a feeling of grief and indignation. Although Qu Yuan's Chu Ci is full of emotional appeal, it has profound interest because of its broad mind and deep feelings, and it doesn't feel frivolous or frivolous when reading it. This strong interest is deeply contained in all kinds of poems he wrote.

Not to mention the profound patriotic enthusiasm expressed in Li Sao and the poet's sincere heart for the country and the nation, which deeply touched the readers' heartstrings, that is, the strange poem in Tian Wen, which appeared in the form of rhetorical questions, contained quite profound thoughts, fully demonstrated his erudition and wisdom, and made this poem full of interest, fantastic spirit and beautiful enlightenment to readers.

2. Political achievements

First, enjoy farming. Rewarding farmers is to increase taxes, enrich the country and enrich the people, and rewarding campaigns is to strengthen military strategic equipment; Shang Yang and Wu Qi's political reforms are all like this, and people are looking forward to it, whether they are farming or going out. Only by establishing a reward and punishment system will civil servants and people be willing to do their best for the promotion of professional titles.

Second, give merit. During the Warring States period, the practice of respecting the virtuous corporal was initiated, which made Wei dominate for more than a hundred years in the early Warring States period. Secondly, Tian Ji's "Qi Huangong" turned Xia Ji into a learning hall, which accepted talents. In the era of Qi Weiwang, Xia Ji Xuegong is still a place where scholars all over the world flock to it. Qu Yuan, at this time, such a reform is just the right time.

However, it was in sharp contrast with the military reform of King Wuling of Zhao at that time. 10 years later, when Zhao became a powerful country in the Warring States period, Chu became increasingly depressed because of its weakness.

Third, anti-shielding. That is to say, to break the communication barrier between the monarch and his subjects, so that the orders given by the king of Chu can be accurately and instantly conveyed to the official's office, and the official's office will also convey the orders given by the palace to the ordinary people at the first time; Let the king of Chu exchange the needed materials with the people to break the situation that the king of Chu is surrounded by yes-men; The monarch can clearly and vividly understand the sufferings of people's livelihood and does not listen to partiality. And the opinions of the theme can also reach Chuting at high speed.

Fourth, banning cronies. In view of the fact that nobles and the old clan of Chu often collude with each other for personal gain, they crack down on ministers and workers with different political views and restrain them by law.

Fifth, rewards and punishments. Both Shang Yang, a famous legalist, and Wu Qi, a military strategist, pay attention to using strict laws to restrain the merits and demerits of soldiers. On the issue of political reform, Qu Yuan integrated the essence of legalists and military strategists.

Sixth, change customs. Qu Yuan hated the unhealthy trend of Chu, and every eloquent and eloquent old courtier took advantage of the country's thematic interests. This reform also restrained Chu's bad habits in the form of law.

3. Main works

Lisao is a poem written by Qu Yuan, a poet in China during the Warring States Period, and it is also the longest lyric poem in ancient China.

This poem centers on the poet's life experience, experience and mental journey. The first half repeatedly confided the poet's concern about the fate of Chu and people's life, expressing his desire to reform politics and his will to stick to his ideals and never compromise with evil forces even in times of disaster.

The second half reflects the poet's thoughts and feelings of patriotism and love for the people after wandering in heaven, pursuing the realization of ideals and dying after failure.

The whole poem uses the metaphor of beauty and vanilla, a lot of myths and legends and rich imagination, forming a gorgeous literary talent and magnificent structure, showing a positive romantic spirit, and creating a "Sao style" poetry form in the history of China literature, which has a far-reaching impact on later generations.

Its main annotations are Wang Yi's Chapters and Sentences of Chu Ci in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhu's Notes on Chu Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty and Dai Zhen's Notes on Qu Yuan in the Qing Dynasty.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Qu Yuan

Baidu encyclopedia-Lisao