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Introduction of landmark buildings in France?

Now all countries in the world have their own architectural features and national landmark buildings. What are the landmark buildings in France? According to the online information, the landmark buildings in France mainly include the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame de Paris, Louvre, Champs Elysé es, Arc de Triomphe and so on. Take the Eiffel Tower in France as an example. The details are as follows:

French landmark-Eiffel Tower

Introduction to Eiffel Tower:

Eiffel Tower (French: La Tour Eiffel；; English: The Eiffel Tower stands in Ares Square in Paris, France, on the south bank of the Seine. It is a world-famous building, one of the symbols of French culture, one of the landmarks of Paris and the tallest building in Paris.

The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889, named after the famous architect and structural engineer gustave eiffel who designed it.

The Eiffel Tower is 300 meters high, the antenna is 24 meters high and the total height is 324 meters. The Eiffel Tower is made up of many scattered steel components-it looks like a pile of model components. Steel member 18038, weight 10000 tons. During the construction, 7 million holes were drilled and 2.5 million rivets were used. Except for four legs made of reinforced concrete, the whole tower body is made of steel, and the total weight of the tower is 7000 tons. The tower is divided into three floors, which are 57.6m,115.7m and 276. 1 m respectively. There are restaurants on the first and second floors, and observation deck on the third floor. There are 17 1 steps from the tower foundation to the top of the tower.

French landmark-Eiffel Tower

Architectural design of Eiffel Tower;

The structural system of the Eiffel Tower is intuitive and simple: there are four giant inclined piers at the bottom, which are distributed on the base 128m long on both sides with an inclination of 54 and supported by the first platform with a height of 57.63m; Between the first platform and the second platform with the height of 1 15.73m, there are four slightly curved columns; Then the four pillars above were transformed into almost vertical obelisks with great rigidity, and a third platform was set at the height of 276. 13m. At an altitude of 300.65 meters, there is a tower-shaped platform with a TV antenna. The total weight of the tower is 10000t, which is borne by four solid caisson foundations extending directly to the bearing layer below. 1in June, 884, EmileNouguier and MauriceKoechlin, two main engineers of Eiffel Design Office, had the idea of designing a super tower. The preliminary design is like a huge tower, with four legs made of lattice beams, supported on the foundation respectively, put together at the top of the tower and connected by beams with equal spacing. In order to better meet the public's evaluation, Nouguier and Koechlin invited the architect StephenSauvestre to further deal with the expression of the structure. Sauvestre suggested to decorate the tower foot with stone base, connect four tower columns with the first floor platform with memorial arch structure, set up a large glass wall hall on each platform, and use decorative techniques such as spherical modeling at the top to make the structure bright. In the subsequent design, the engineers further improved and kept some design ideas such as giant arches, which gave the tower a very rich performance. In addition, the setting of beams is simplified and coordinated with the optimized line shape of the tower column, which makes the structure of the tower more concise, beautiful and dynamic.

At first, the four arches connecting the inclined piers at the bottom of the first platform were used for decoration. Some people think that these four arches destroy the linearity, simplicity and honesty of the tower structure and damage the aesthetic feeling of the tower, but in fact, this kind of "pseudo-arch" has been recognized as the basic component of the tower modeling. If the beam simply connects the four towers, then the giant arch will unify the four towers into the whole tower. Moreover, the curve modeling of decorative arch is also coordinated with the curve modeling of tower column. It can also be seen from the figure that the decorative arch of the upper inclined tower column and horizontal beam also has certain structural functions. Although the arch does not bear the vertical load transmitted downward by the tower column, it strengthens the connection between the tower column and the cross beam, making the force flow between the cross beam and the inclined tower column smoother under the horizontal load. It can be seen from the preliminary plan of the tower that the connection between the lower beam and the tower column also reflects the idea of curve transition at the connection. Only at the suggestion of the architect, through continuous optimization, the structural expression is more sufficient and the overall form is more unified.

French landmark-Eiffel Tower

The internal structure of the Eiffel Tower:

The French say that the Eiffel Tower is the "watchtower of the capital", which is true. It has three observation platforms: upper, middle and lower, which can accommodate tens of thousands of people at the same time. The three observation platforms have different horizons and bring different interests. For a century, about 3 million people have climbed to the top of the tower every year to overlook the city of Paris.

The top observation deck is 274 meters from the ground. If you go up the steps of 1652, it will take almost an hour. Of course, you can also climb by elevator. This is the best place to see from a distance. It will make people feel that the noisy Paris suddenly quieted down and turned into a huge map, with countless lines of different widths drawn from all the streets. The whole Paris is at your feet. When you have a clear vision during the day, you can expect to be 60 kilometers away.

The middle observation deck is 1 15m from the ground. Some people say that you can see the best scenery from this floor. Indeed, the pale yellow Arc de Triomphe Tower, the Louvre in the shade and the white Sacred Heart Church in Montmartre are all clearly visible and colorful. When you climb the tower in the evening, you will see the night is picturesque, the lights are like brocade and the trees are shaded. Those street lamps interwoven into a net are really like beads after rain, with crystal particles. There is also a well-decorated panoramic restaurant on this floor, which is full of customers all year round. Seats must be reserved in advance.