Cute camera teacher please come in~ I have a few questions to trouble you~

1. The concept of composition

1. What is "composition"

The word composition is the transliteration of the English word COMPOSITION, which is a term for plastic arts. Its meaning is: to compose, combine, configure and organize the various parts to create an artistic picture. In "Cihai", it is mentioned that "composition" means that in order to express the theme and aesthetic effect of the work, the artist arranges and handles the relationships and positions of people and objects in a certain space, and combines individual or partial images into the whole of art. In traditional Chinese painting, it is called "Zhangfa" or "Layout". This term contains a basic and general meaning, which is to unify the parts that make up the whole, organize the image represented by the author in a limited space or plane, and form a specific structure of the picture, so as to realize the photographer's vision. Show intention. In short, composition refers to how to arrange people, scenery, and objects in the picture to obtain the best layout. It is a method to combine images, and it is the sum of all means to reveal images.

Composition also requires attention to artistic skills and means of expression, which is called "craftsmanship" in traditional Chinese art. The sophistication of the craftsman is directly related to the artistic conception of a work. Composition is an important part of the vertical form, but it must be based on the original intention. The composition of a work embodies the author's ingenuity and arrangement skills, and embodies the author's intention and specific method of expressing the theme. Therefore, it is a specific reflection of the author's artistic level. In summary, the so-called composition is the composition in which the artist uses visual elements to organize them according to space on the picture. It relies on the coordination of visual points, lines, shapes, light, light and shade, and color in terms of formal beauty. .

Composition is an important factor in expressing the content of the work. The organization of the entire photographic visual art language in the work allows the certain internal structure composed of the content to be properly expressed, and only the internal structure and the external structure are harmonious. Only through unity can a perfect composition be produced.

2. The purpose of composition

Every subject, whether it is plain or grand, important or ordinary, contains visual beauty. When we observe specific objects in life - people, trees, houses or flowers, we should put aside their general characteristics and regard them as a combination of form, line, texture, light and shade, color, lighting and three-dimensional objects. . Through the photographer's use of various modeling methods, the shape, color, texture, three-dimensionality, movement and spatial relationship of the subject are vividly and clearly displayed on the picture, so that it conforms to people's visual laws and can be truly felt by the viewer. Only when can you achieve satisfactory visual effects - visual beauty. In other words, the composition must be aesthetic. Just as Rodin said, "Beauty is everywhere. For our eyes, it is not a lack of beauty, but a lack of discovery of beauty." As a photographer, he is just good at observing nature with his eyes and transferring this visual feeling. So it's just on the screen.

But composition cannot be the end in itself, because the basic task of composition is to clarify the artist's idea to the greatest extent possible.

The purpose of composition is to emphasize and highlight the typical people or scenery in the idea, thereby discarding the general, superficial, cumbersome, and secondary things, and appropriately arranging the accompanying objects. , choose the environment to make the work higher, stronger, more complete, more concentrated, more typical and more ideal than real life to enhance the artistic effect. Generally speaking, it is the art of conveying one's thoughts and emotions to others. This statement can truly express the purpose of composition.

3. Nature of composition

Composition and design can be used interchangeably because their meanings are the same. The precise concept of design and its original meaning is conception, that is, the proper arrangement of various visual elements by the artist in order to express his ideas clearly and movingly.

Composition not only refers to specific operations, but also means treating the entire form as an object depicted in connection with complex photography rules, introducing natural objects into a realistic realm and becoming an independent entity different from nature. The world of existence. Any excellent photographic work is a complex unity of thought and art. The complexity of the work is determined by the complexity of life. However, the processing of the picture is very natural, colorful and natural, with very few traces of chiseling. What is the reason for this? The reason lies in the fact that when the photographer is creating, it is like "an engineer building a house". After some selection and refining, planning and arrangement, and organizational structure, the photographer's reflection is reflected in the "operation position and layout". Understanding of life and ingenuity. Therefore, we must carry out a series of organizational arrangements in creation, think of the structure ingeniously, carefully lay out, highlight the main aspects, emphasize the essential things, and embody the theme of the work into a distinctive image organization.

Composition science is to study the structural forms and laws of all compositions, to study the principles and principles of composition structure, and to study the correspondence between composition and various forms of thinking. Composition must be based on the entire science of thinking.

But whether the composition also reflects the laws of objective things, people still have different opinions.

Some people believe that "there is no fixed method for painting", because objective things are ever-changing, and the emotional and ideological contents are even more complex, so no one can tell the rules of composition and structure. Engels said, "The universal form in nature is the law." Therefore, it can be seen that the law is the universal form. Practice has proved that composition structure has certain rules. In Chinese painting theory, "operation position, arrangement, layout, structure, light and color" are all incisive discussions about composition rules.

In traditional Chinese painting, the composition structure is called "composition" or "layout", and "the composition of unfolding paper is the first." Position management is like Go, every move can be made, don't get lost. Ink can be written everywhere on plain paper, but remember not to write randomly. There are paths to chess, there are principles to painting, and one wrong move is like losing the game. The ancients compared composition (composition) to playing chess. Photography has become like this. It also requires a certain composition, layout, and formation.

Therefore, the composition is called the outline of the picture. The so-called outline means outline and summary. The composition of the picture is like writing an article. It must be organized and methodical, with order and master, echoing each other, and contrasting the virtual and the real. The composition rules of concealing and revealing, moderate simplicity and complexity, and seamless density are subject to the requirements of theme expression, while at the same time achieving a perfect and harmonious unity of the overall form. This is the ultimate goal of composition.

2. Creation and Composition

Photographic creation is a kind of spiritual labor that is least fixed and most exceptional, least routine and most changeable. When a photographer's mind is attracted and possessed by a true emotional image, and has the ability to keep it there and express it visually, he will create a good composition. Photography creation is inseparable from composition, just like what was discussed above and writing articles are inseparable from layout and organization. It is one of the most important factors in the success of the work. The relationship between creation and composition is so close.

1. The formation of the theme

The original intention of creation is the activity of the artist's image. The reason why art is different from the reproduction of life mainly depends on creation and imagination, and contains the passion and perspective of the photographer. Creativity includes image thinking and generalization. Undoubtedly, every photographer may be occupied or excited by certain thoughts and feelings at any moment in his life, and sometimes these thoughts and feelings make it difficult for him to get rid of them. So I began to enthusiastically search for the expression of this kind of thoughts and feelings in real life environments. Photographers create photographic works of art in moments of life, which is a unique and high form of passion. So some people call this passion "inspiration". Psychologists believe that this kind of inspiration is a psychological phenomenon that occurs in creative activities. Inspiration is the creative ability that suddenly bursts out due to high concentration of thoughts. But inspiration does not come out of thin air. It often appears after some hard thinking and meditation. Inspiration often comes with a certain degree of chance, and sometimes it is triggered unintentionally. There are many opportunities to inspire, and the role of various inspirational factors actually prompts the photographer to flow in his imagination, clarify the unformed thoughts and feelings in an instant, and find the beautiful form of perceptual expression. Comrade Zhou Enlai once said, "Long-term accumulation leads to accidental acquisition." He explained, "This kind of accidental acquisition is based on long-term life and cultivation. Only talented artists can discover beauty in common things." Create beauty". As Rodin said, "Beauty is everywhere, and only those who are sincere and emotional can discover it." Life and beauty are closely linked. Everything in life is influenced by the element of beauty. The key lies in the sensitivity and imagination of the artist. The artist's higher sensitivity than ordinary people comes from his continuous efforts to observe life and artistic cultivation.

The theme of photography creation comes from life. The formation of the theme arouses the photographer's stronger creative desire and creative impulse. The theme is the soul, something ideological. "Intention comes first" means that the intention must be established before taking the photo. The idea is the theme. The formation of the theme is inseparable from social practice. The theme is firstly conceived by the photographer in the long-term life practice, and secondly, it is extracted from the material. of.

2. The relationship between theme and composition

After the theme is established, artistic conception is the most active stage of image thinking. Although there is an image in this stage, it is not a practical stage. Therefore, in fact, there are still some details or characters that may be omitted. To complete the creative intention, the images and pictures in the conception must be concretely depicted. How to express it is a matter of technique, but technique is an integral part of the entire idea, and the maturity of the idea depends on the depth of understanding. In order to obtain expressive power, the artist looks for "modeling motives", object combinations and various changes in the picture, in order to find the best one among them, which is composition.

The idea of ??the work is reflected in the composition. Without the idea, there would be no composition. The process of composition is the process of developing the idea and deepening the theme.

Every artist lives in a real society and has his own soil - people and life. Without this fertile soil, the tree of life will wither and the light of art will go out. Works always reflect the author's feelings, thoughts, judgments and conclusions about life. Through the works, we can see the author's qualities, thoughts, character, taste, requirements and wishes. Behind the works is the author's personality, which is behind the real creation. In activities, the image has a strong personality.

Composition has its own rules and methods. Photographers compose according to their inner sensitivity. Plastic art is a visual art, and the quality of the composition can be distinguished by the eyes. The quality of the composition should first of all enable the viewer to immediately feel the author's intention through visual intuition without looking at the title of the work, without the need for introduction or annotation. The author cannot rely on words to express his ideas, and use titles to speak. He relies on people, objects, scenery and the structure of the entire picture to express the feelings and passionate love for life that the author wants to express. The theme of the work is reflected through the lifelike typical images with distinctive personalities created by the author. Only such works can give the audience a real sense of hearing the voice, seeing the person, and being there.

Therefore, before we start the composition process in photographic creation, we must first look for the creative motivation (the motivation of the idea, the motivation of the shape), and composition is a process of creating a work of art. Composition is the basis of all factors of the work of art. comprehensive. This kind of synthesis can express the author's ideological intention more comprehensively and powerfully, that is, the process of embodying the author's thoughts into the form of the artistic work that can be felt. Therefore, the composition is to combine everything in the form according to the content of the artistic work. factors connected together.

3. The status and role of companions in the picture

Accompaniments refer to objects that form a certain plot with the subject in the picture and help express the characteristics and connotation of the subject. Some of the objects organized into the picture are in a companion position. They form a plot with the subject and play an important role in deepening the subject's connotation and helping to explain the subject's characteristics. Because there are companions on the screen, the visual language will be much more accurate and vivid. Its function has the following characteristics:

1. Accompanying the body to deepen the connotation of the subject. From the work "The Fan of Technological Revolution", the main subject of the picture is two workers, and their companions are the machine gears and the rice on the table. The machine, the workers and the rice together constitute the plot of the production of technological revolution. Because next to the large machine as an accompaniment, there is a plate of rice on the work table, and the workers are concentrating on their studies, there is a lot of connotation hidden in the plot. The machine and the rice on the table are the image language of the workers, which reflects the workers' In the construction of the four modernizations, it is a true portrayal of working tirelessly on technological innovations. The visual language that the companions here help express is difficult to express in words.

2. The essence of handling the scene and accompanying the body well is to handle the plot well. The choice of accompaniment must be able to portray the character's character and illustrate the characteristics of the event, that is, it must be typical (such as "The Joy of Old Age").

3. The arrangement of the accompaniment of the picture must be based on the principle of not weakening the main body and not taking over the main subject. The area occupied by the accompaniment in the picture, the arrangement of the tones, the direction of the lines, and the expressions and movements of the characters must be consistent with The subject cooperates closely and is closely related and cannot be separated from the subject. Since the layout of the picture is divided into priorities, the accompanying body is often incomplete on the picture. It is enough to leave only the part that can explain the whole picture. Accompanying the whole body, the main body will be weakened. Don't be greedy for the big and seek perfection. You must proceed from the actual results and have a sense of proportion in your choices.

4. There are also direct and indirect treatments for the accompaniment. Sometimes the accompaniment is not directly seen in the painting. We say that although the accompaniment is an object that forms the plot with the main body, there are some pictures that are not related to the main body. The objects that make up the plot are not in the picture, but outside it. The movements and expressions of the subject on the picture are related to an object outside the picture. Although this object is not shown on the picture, it will definitely appear in the imagination of the viewer. This kind of expression is called the indirect expression of accompanying body. .

The important thing about the indirect treatment of companions is that the medium that guides imagination must be skillfully arranged.

The indirect processing of accompanying bodies is an artistic technique for structuring the picture. It can expand the life capacity of the picture, create a painting outside the picture, and allow the viewer's imagination to participate in the creation of the painting's meaning, arousing interest in appreciation. and room for recollection. Therefore, the structure of the picture should be such that the meaning is visible outside the picture, and there is painting outside the picture. The frame of the picture is limited, and the meaning of the picture is limited. Some classic paintings give us examples, such as "Ancient Temple in the Deep Mountains", which only depicts young monks going down to the mountain stream to fetch water; "Bamboo Suo River Bridge Seller" only writes the word "wine" on the top of the bamboo; "Returning after Stepping on Flowers" "Remove Horse Hoof Fragrance", the fragrance of horses hooves is not included in the picture. Only butterflies fluttering among the horses hooves are seen in the picture, leaving only the imagination of the audience. These artistic concepts in paintings are worth learning from the concept and structure of the photographer. When selecting materials and managing the picture, we must also consider lyricism, philosophy and implicit aesthetic requirements. We must learn to use indirect methods of dealing with accompanying objects to enhance the The expressiveness and appeal of photography.

4. The role of the environment in highlighting the subject

In many photographic works of art, we can often see from the screen that some objects serve as components of the environment and have an impact on the subject and plot. It serves as a foil to enhance the expressiveness of the theme. Objects that are part of the environment are in front of the subject, we call it the foreground; objects that are behind the subject, we call it the background.

1. Foreground

The foreground is in front of the subject and close to the camera. They are characterized by large images and dark tones. Most of them are on the edges of the painting. The foreground is usually used Objects are trees, flowers and plants, or people and objects. The companion can also be the foreground at the same time.

A. Use some flowers, plants and trees with seasonal and local characteristics as the foreground to render the seasonal atmosphere and local colors, giving the picture a rich flavor of life. Using spring flowers and winter jasmine as the foreground not only expresses the seasonality, but also makes the picture full of spring; use chrysanthemums and red leaves as the foreground, and the autumn colors fill the picture; use ice osmanthus and snow branches as the foreground, and the winter scene of the North is as if it is before your eyes, and you can experience it personally. . When shooting Hainan scenery, coconut trees and plantains are used as the foreground, which is full of southern sentiment; bamboo and red cotton are used as the foreground, which has a southern flavor. These foregrounds are often powerful illustrations of the subject.

B. The foreground is used to enhance the sense of space and perspective in the picture. The structure of the picture intentionally places the camera close to certain people or objects, taking advantage of its large image and dark tones to form an obvious contrast in size and tone with the distant scenery, so as to mobilize people's vision to feel the space of the picture. distance, the visual effect is as if the picture has a depth axis, making people feel that it is no longer flat. When shooting content showing spatial scenes, some experienced photographers always strive to find an appropriate foreground to emphasize the perspective of near and far, and often use similar scenes in the foreground and distant view, such as people, trees, and mountains. wait. Due to the difference in distance and distance, the greater the difference in the area occupied on the screen, the stronger the ability to mobilize people's visual laws to imagine space, and the more vivid the feeling of the depth axis.

C. Highlight the generalization of the content of the picture. When expressing some rich and complex things, intentionally placing the most distinctive part of the thing to be represented in the foreground is to strengthen and highlight the content of the picture. an important means (such as "For a Data" and "New Kitchen Huangliang"). The picture is full of life. In order to show the increasingly affluent scene of rural life, the foreground is two new aluminum buckets, on which are placed fish pieces, meat, vegetables, rice, etc. waiting to be cooked. Because they are in In the front of the picture, the image is large and distinct, giving people a strong visual impression, strengthening the generalization of the content, and increasing the visual sense of the painting.

D. Use the contrast between the foreground and the background scenery to complete the comparison techniques commonly used in photographic art (such as "Gap", "First Contact") to form a thought-provoking theme.

E. Prospects give people a subjective sense of status. Strengthen the sense of status of the picture, such as using doors, windows, buildings and other distinctive scenery as the foreground, allowing them to occupy a larger position in the picture, giving the audience a psychological impact, and invisibly shortening the relationship between the audience and the picture. The distance between them creates an immersive sense of intimacy. This is very beneficial to increasing the artistic appeal of the picture. Giving the audience a sense of status is very important in other artistic and literary creations. To be fascinating, you must first attract people. Just like Li Bai's poem, "There is bright moonlight in front of the bed, I suspect it is frost on the ground. I raise my head to look at the bright moon, and lower my head to think about my hometown." The first line of the four-line poem is very important. First, tell where you are, and whether you are watching in front of the bed. The moon is bright, so the feeling of homesickness triggered later is natural and real. The art of photography can do this, often with the help of the foreground.

F. The use of foreground can increase the decorative beauty of the painting. Some regularly arranged objects, as well as some objects with pattern shapes, are used as the foreground, making the picture look like it is decorated with a delicate frame or lace, adding beauty and making the picture lively and jumping (such as "Baosteel Waltz" ), "New Height"), the characters are embedded in the middle, which is very beautiful, elegant and free.

G. The foreground has the function of balancing the picture. Sometimes when we find unbalanced gaps in the picture, such as when the sky is monotonous without clouds, we use drooping branches and leaves above to make up for the shortcomings of the picture; sometimes If the lower part of the picture cannot be suppressed, and the upper part is heavy and the lower part is light, you can use rocks and railings as the foreground. The dark color can make the picture suppress the position and achieve a stable and balanced effect.

H. The foreground uses the expression technique of virtual focus to give people a hazy and beautiful feeling.

In recent years, in many photographic works of art, many people often use virtual focus and messy scenery as the foreground. The audience is not only able to accept it, but also feels it. Interestingly, this is because people’s aesthetic taste in photography is also changing and developing, becoming more and more natural and real, and requiring a live atmosphere. The emptiness and chaos of the foreground can emphasize the atmosphere of the scene, and the emptiness of the foreground can also help highlight the reality of the subject, using virtuality to contrast the reality. The chaos in the foreground also needs to be in quotation marks. In fact, there is order in chaos. It looks like chaos, but it is based on the principle of not hindering the prominence of the subject. If the chaos is so chaotic that the subject is submerged, I am afraid that the audience will not be able to accept it, and you yourself will not be satisfied, so the principle is: " Seek truth from emptiness, and seek cure from chaos."

The above are the eight functions of the foreground. In fact, the use of foreground often plays several roles at the same time. It is best to shoot several eagles with one arrow. In general, the significance of using the foreground is to enrich the vocabulary of the picture and increase the literary grace of the picture. However, remember that the foreground should not be abused. When it is available, it is better not to use it in order to keep the picture simple. In addition, the shape and line structure of the foreground should be as beautiful as possible, closely related and echoing the main body, and combined into a whole to help express the theme. Thought.

2. Background

The background refers to the scenery behind the subject that is used to set off the subject to emphasize the environment the subject is in. The background highlights the image of the subject and enriches the subject. The connotations all play an important role.

All plastic artists attach great importance to the role of background. Sculpture, painting, architecture and other arts all attach great importance to the background's foil on the subject. Hegel said in "Aesthetics", "The artist should not carve the sculpture completely first and then consider where to place it. Instead, he should connect it with a certain external world and its context when conceiving it. Spatial form and local location". Photographic artists also understand that the background plays a decisive role in the success or failure of a photographic work. There is often this situation: when shooting a work, the subject, companion, expression, and posture are ideal, but it fails due to poor background processing. When choosing the background of a photographic picture, you should pay attention to three aspects: first, capture the characteristics; second, strive for simplicity; third, there must be tonal contrast.

A. First of all, we must capture some scenery with local characteristics and era characteristics as the background, and clearly explain the time, place and era atmosphere of the event, so as to deepen the audience's understanding of the theme of the work and capture Its scenery with the characteristics of the times allows people to understand the background of the times.

For example, using a smoking locomotive or a factory chimney as a background could still make people feel that business was booming in the 1950s, and the scene of a prosperous motherland could inspire people's aesthetic feelings; but today in the 1980s, If this is still used as the background, it will be said to be pollution, reflecting the same situation among dock workers. When shooting portraits, we also attach great importance to choosing a characteristic environment as a background to highlight the character's occupation and personality traits. (For example, a girl cannot use big red flowers as the background first), this is called an environmental portrait. The environment sets off the characters, and the background foil can also be divided into positive foil and negative foil. For example, a happy child uses a flower garden as a foil for the environment, which is a positive foil; such as a hungry and poor child on a bustling street in a colorful world, which is a negative foil.

B. Keep the background simple and concise. Someone once said, "The difference between the artistic expression methods of painting and photography is that painting uses addition, while photography uses subtraction." This is because painting always adds something to the picture when reflecting life, while photography always reflects life. Do everything possible to eliminate unnecessary things. The most important thing is to subtract the dispensable things in the background that hinder the subject from standing out, so as to achieve a concise and refined picture.

Judging from many photographic works, it is found that many experienced photographers have fully mobilized various photographic techniques to achieve the simplicity of the background. Some use the elevation angle to avoid the cluttered scenery on the horizon and place the main object cleanly against the sky; some use the elevation angle to use the road, water surface, and grass as the background to make the outline of the subject clear and obtain a concise background; Use backlighting to hide the messy lines in the background in shadows; some use morning fog to hide the background in white haze; some use long focal length lenses to shrink the background and exclude the scenery from the picture; some use virtual focus to soften the background. background lines. These methods can achieve the effect of simple background.

C. The background should strive to form a tonal contrast with the subject (tonal contrast is required in color photography), so that the subject has a three-dimensional sense, a sense of space and clear outlines, and strengthens the visual intensity. .

Rules for handling outline shapes: dark subjects against a light background; light subjects against a dark background; light or dark subjects against a neutral gray background; light subjects , the background is bright, and there should be a dark outline in the middle; the subject is dark, the background is dark, and there should be a bright outline in the middle. Because photography is a two-dimensional plastic art, if there is no contrast or interval in tone or tone, the main image will merge with the background, losing the possibility of visual recognition. Therefore, some people compare the contrast of scene and tone in the picture to With it, the image of the picture will stand out and be delivered to the audience.

Background processing is an important link in the structure of a photographic picture. Only by careful selection during shooting can the content of the picture be refined and accurate, and the visual image be perfectly expressed.

5. Keeping blank spaces

In addition to the visible physical objects on the photographic screen, there are also some blank parts, which are composed of a single-tone background, forming a The gaps between solid objects. The background of a single tone can be the sky, water, grassland, land or other scenery. Due to the use of various photography methods, they have lost their original physical image and form a single tone on the picture to set off other physical objects.

Although blank is not a physical object, it is still an indispensable part of the picture. It is the link between the objects on the picture and organizes the relationship between them. The role of white space in the picture is just like the role of punctuation marks in the article. It can make the picture clear, the paragraphs clear, the energy and pulse smooth, and it can also help the author express his emotions. The following is a detailed analysis of the processing of the blank part of the screen and its role:

1. Leaving a certain blank space on the screen is the need to highlight the main subject.

To make the subject eye-catching and have a visual impact, it is necessary to leave a certain amount of blank space around it. For example, when photographing people, always avoid overlapping the head and body with trees, houses, street lights and other objects, and arrange the characters in a single The blank space formed by the tonal background and leaving a certain blank space around the subject can be said to be a rule of plastic art. Because people need space to appreciate objects. If a beautiful piece of art is placed among a bunch of messy objects, it will be difficult to appreciate its beauty. Only a certain amount of space is left around it. , only exquisite works of art will emit its artistic light.

2. The blank space on the picture helps to create the artistic conception of the picture.

If a picture is filled with physical objects and there is no blank space, it will give people a sense of The feeling of depression and the appropriate blank space on the picture will give people's vision room for maneuver and the possibility of changes in ideas. People often say: "Leave three empty spaces in a painting, and life will emerge." Properly left blank space will make the painting lively, ethereal and handsome. The blank space is often filled with the author's emotions, the audience's thoughts, and the realm of the work can also be sublimated.

The blank space in the picture does not exist in isolation, it is always an extension of the real thing. The so-called empty space is not empty, it is the contrast between the empty space and the solid space that forms different associations and moods. For example, Qi Baishi painted shrimps. There was a large blank space around a few transparent and lively shrimps. There was no water in the painting, but people felt that the surrounding blank spaces were full of water. The management of blank spaces and solid spaces in photographic images should also arouse rich associations in the audience, and the use of blank spaces to create artistic conceptions has a creative role in other arts.

3. Blank space is still a condition for organizing the echo relationship between various objects on the screen.

Different spatial arrangements can reflect different echo relationships. The so-called echo always consists of a certain distance between two objects. If the two objects are close together, there is no echo. All objects will show a certain directionality and have a back-to-back relationship due to different beginnings, different use situations, different lines extending in different directions, different light exposures, etc. You must carefully observe the directionality of objects and rationally arrange the blank distance to organize the objects. their mutual echo relationship.

4. The general rule of leaving blank space is related to the movement of objects: moving objects, such as moving people, Mercedes-Benz cars and other objects, should leave some blank space in front, so that they can be used. Objects in motion have room to stretch, and the audience also feels smooth, deepening their feelings about the movement of objects. Human sight is also a psychological requirement that meets people's appreciation. In short, we must be good at using white space flexibly and creatively.

5. There must be a certain proportion between the blank space on the screen and the area occupied by the actual object.

To prevent equal and symmetrical areas, generally speaking, the total area of ??the blank space on the screen must be greater than the area occupied by the solid objects, so that the screen will appear ethereal and delicate. If the total area occupied by the solid objects is greater than the blank space, the painting focuses on realism. However, if the total area of ??the two objects on the screen is equal, it will give people a dull and mediocre feeling. This is a matter of formal perception.

There is a saying in ancient Chinese painting theory: "The sparseness can lead to movement, but the tightness is airtight." That is to say, go to some extremes in the sparse and dense layout to enhance a certain feeling of the audience and create your own style. The retention of blank space and the change in the ratio between blank space and solid space are indeed important means of creative picture layout.

6. The picture must achieve overall balance

In the process of composing the various parts of the picture into a complete process, the last step is to review whether the picture is balanced, because balance is what people are looking for. A kind of psychological requirement and formal feeling are formed in long-term life. Whether the picture is balanced or not not only affects the overall structure, but is also closely related to the audience's appreciation psychology.

In real life, all stable objects have a balanced form: a table is stable with four legs. If it has three legs, it must form a balanced tripod to be stable; when building a house, if the bottom is small The top is large, which gives people a feeling of instability; the burden is heavy on one end and light on the other, making it inconvenient for people to walk; the posture of people during labor is obviously a posture that seeks to balance the body and conform to the characteristics of this labor... Many life phenomena cultivate people's desire for balance and play a role in people's aesthetic process.

Under normal circumstances, a picture should be balanced and stable, making people feel stable, harmonious and complete. Taking advantage of people's psychological factors requiring balance, we can emphasize the expressiveness of the picture from several aspects:

1. When emphasizing a solemn and solemn atmosphere, the picture is required to be balanced and stable, and even intentionally symmetrical The balance of the style shows a simple and solemn relationship from the stable symmetrical balance.

2. In some lyrical scenery pictures and vivid characters and plot pictures that emphasize elegance, tranquility and tenderness, what is required is that the changing balance of the picture can be sparse and dense, virtual and virtual. Realistic, but the overall requirements are balanced.

3. Balance can also be used from another aspect. That is to deliberately violate the law of balance, causing the person in the picture to be unbalanced and create a sense of turbulence, as if being impacted by the outside world.

Use uneven declensions to express the theme profoundly.