Where is the sacrificial pit of Sanxingdui site?

There are a lot of cultural relics in Sanxingdui site, totaling more than 500 pieces, so the relevant pictures may not be fully available at present. The following are just some pictures of cultural relics. The discovery of six sacrificial pits this time has provided great help for studying the related civilizations of Sanxingdui.

Pictures of cultural relics at Sanxingdui Site On March 20th, the progress meeting of the major project "Archaeological China" was reported. Archaeologists have discovered six new Sanxingdui cultural "sacrificial pits" at Sanxingdui site in Sichuan, and unearthed more than 500 important cultural relics, such as golden chrysanthemum fragments, giant bronze masks, bronze sacred trees and ivory.

In the newly discovered No.5 pit, Sanxingdui archaeological excavation unearthed a large number of gold products, including a unique Jin Mianju. Compared with the Jin Mianju unearthed in the No.1 and No.2 pits of Sanxingdui site, the newly unearthed Jin Mianju is particularly heavy and unusual.

Sanxingdui Site was originally named Sanxingdui Village, which was named after three slightly abrupt mounds arranged like three stars in the sky. In the north of the site, there is a crescent moon bay platform. This landscape combination is called "Three Stars Accompanied by the Moon" in history. In the 1970s, a brick factory was to be built, so it was planned to borrow soil from three mounds as infrastructure. In the process of construction, a large number of pottery were found. Unfortunately, after the cultural relics department arrived, only half of the three mounds were destroyed. Later, according to the research of archaeologists, these three mounds are actually the remains of the ancient city wall.

Where are the sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui Site Address: 20191kloc-0/.020 202016 sacrificial pits of Sanxingdui culture were newly discovered from October to May. The "sacrificial pits" are all rectangular in plane, with a scale of 3.5- 19 square meters. At present, the cultural relics layer has been excavated in pits 3, 4, 5 and 6, and the fill in pits 7 and 8 is under excavation. More than 500 important cultural relics have been unearthed, such as Jin Mianju fragments, bird-shaped gold ornaments, gold foils, copper heads with painted eyes, giant bronze masks, bronze sacred trees, ivory, exquisite tooth carvings, jade cong and jade articles.

Lei Yu, the stationmaster of Sanxingdui Site Workstation and Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said that through the excavation of Sanxingdui Site over the years, the triple city circle pattern of the site was initially determined: the first place is Moon Bay Town, the second place is Sanxingdui City Wall in the south, and the third place is South City Wall. It is not only a different division, but also represents a different architectural age.

According to reports, the first heavy city circle has large building areas and places of worship, as well as suspected handicraft workshops; The second city circle is an ordinary residential area; Triple city circle is a sacrificial area. In addition, after testing by the China Silk Museum, silk once existed in the newly discovered "sacrificial pit". At present, the chronological system of the site from the late Neolithic period to the Western Zhou Dynasty and the archaeological cultural development sequence of Baodun culture, Yufu culture, Sanxingdui culture and Twelve Bridges culture have been basically established.

The new archaeological discovery of "Sacrificial Pit" in Sanxingdui site further shows the rich connotation of Sanxingdui site and Sanxingdui culture, which is helpful to promote the in-depth study of Sanxingdui culture. Sun Hua, a professor at Peking University Institute of Archaeology and Culture, said that the new discovery will help solve some long-standing academic problems, including the most basic age problem; It can also provide very important information for us to fully understand Sanxingdui's etiquette space, religious thought and cosmic concept at that time.

First of all, from the cultural relics unearthed in pits 3~8, the properties of the newly excavated sacrificial pits are basically the same as those of the original sacrificial pits 1 2, that is, most of the artifacts were smashed, burned and buried; The burial time is not earlier than Yin Ruins 1 period and not later than Yin Ruins' 3rd period. A large number of ivory, Sanxingdui bronzes (masks, altars, sacred trees), southern bronzes (_, Zun) and gold wares (Jin Mianju) greatly enriched the connotation of Sanxingdui culture, but no subversive discovery was made.

Secondly, judging from the artifacts produced at present, Sanxingdui culture is more complicated, but what is certain is that Sanxingdui is by no means a completely independent bronze civilization, let alone "established by aliens" advocated by some grandstanding people, but a bronze civilization that has had close exchanges with bronze civilizations in the Central Plains and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

The two bronze square statues found in the No.3 pit can clearly see that the shoulders of the bronze statues are decorated with sheep's heads, standing birds, bird patterns on the abdomen and animal faces on the base. These two bronze sacrificial vessels are huge in size and complicated in ornamentation, which obviously played an important role. These two bronzes are very different from the bronze masks and portraits commonly found in Sanxingdui Sacrificial Pit in shape and decoration, but they are very close to the bronze ritual vessels in the Central Plains and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the late Shang Dynasty. It can be seen that these bronze statues are not local cultural elements. After further observation, we find that the practice of decorating bronze statues and shoulders with sacrificial birds is different from the typical late Shang culture in Anyang Yin Ruins, but it is consistent with the decoration habits in the Yangtze River basin in the middle and late Shang Dynasty.

According to the bronze metallography and lead isotope research conducted by Cui Jianfeng's team, the bronzes unearthed in Sanxingdui 1 and No.2 Sacrificial Pit all contain a kind of highly radioactive lead, which indicates that the metal raw materials used in Sanxingdui have the same source as those unearthed in Wucheng Culture (Dayangzhou, Xing 'an) and Dai Partial Yin Ruins in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at the same time. At present, it is speculated that these special minerals should come from somewhere in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The unearthed bronzes once again prove that the non-native bronzes in Sanxingdui are closely related to the sites in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, such as Dayang Prefecture in Xing 'an.

Sanxingdui culture, the source of Sanxingdui culture, is the early form of ancient Shu civilization, which started and ended in the early18th century BC to the middle12nd century BC. Before Sanxingdui culture, the ancient people in Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Basin created Baodun culture, which lasted from about 2700 BC to 1700 BC. In the Baodun culture era, ancient humans have begun to build city walls and cities, and ritual buildings have also appeared. The ruins of Baodun ancient cultural city are scattered in Chengdu Plain, including Baodun ancient city with an area of about 600,000 square meters, Yufu city with an area of about 400,000 square meters, Pixian ancient city with an area of about 3 1 10,000 square meters, Zizhu ancient city with an area of nearly 200,000 square meters, Tancheng city and Xiatancheng city with an area of about 1 10,000 square meters respectively. It is very important that rice planting was introduced to Sichuan during Baodun culture period, and Sichuan began to enter the mixed cropping stage of rice and millet. The ancients planted millet in dry land with good drainage and rice in farmland with abundant water resources on the edge of rivers and lakes. However, rice cultivation was heavily dependent on irrigation, so in ancient times when water conservancy technology was underdeveloped, the planting area was still limited. It was not until the end of the Warring States that Li Bing built the famous Dujiangyan, which ensured stable irrigation, and rice cultivation became more popular in Sichuan Basin.

Baodun culture is the earliest archaeological culture in Sichuan basin, so where did Baodun people come from? Archaeologists, while searching around, found a site of human activities in Guiyuanqiao, shifang city, dating back to around 3000 BC.

Through the study of unearthed relics, it is likely that this human site was migrated from Yingpanshan Site in Maoxian County (4000-3500 BC). In this way, the source path of early ancient humans in Sichuan basin can be constructed, that is, Yingpanshan in Maoxian County → Shifang Guiyuan Bridge → Xinjin Baodun → Guanghan Sanxingdui.