Who can help me explain thomas kuhn's paradigm?

The concept and theory of paradigm was put forward by Thomas, a famous American philosopher of science. Kuhn put forward and systematically expounded it in The Structure of Scientific Revolution (1962). Since the concept of paradigm is the center of Kuhn's whole philosophy of science, he tried to generalize and describe real science in many fields, not just interested in the history of science and philosophy, so he defined and explained the concept of paradigm from different aspects, levels and angles. Many people don't pay attention to this characteristic of Kuhn's thought, and often cite an explanation of Kuhn to explain their problems according to their own needs. So some deviations are inevitable. Margaret Masterman, a British scholar, made a systematic study of Kuhn's paradigm view. (1987) He listed 2 1 paradigms with different meanings used by Kuhn from the structure of scientific revolution, and summarized them into three types or three aspects: first, as a belief and a metaphysical speculation, it is a philosophical paradigm or a meta-paradigm; Second, as a scientific habit, an academic tradition and a concrete scientific achievement, it is a sociological paradigm; Third, as a tool for self-successful argumentation, the method of solving problems and the image of analogy are artificial paradigms or structural paradigms. Although the primary significance of paradigm lies in philosophy, which is also the basic part of Kuhn's paradigm, Kuhn's originality and uniqueness lies in the sociological significance and structural function of paradigm. Contrary to the abstractness of general philosophy of science, Kuhn particularly emphasizes the concreteness of science and regards concreteness as the basic feature of science, because he thinks that a set of practical scientific habits and traditions is very necessary and important for effective scientific work, which is not only the bond of unity and cooperative exploration of a scientific community, but also the basis for its further research and development. It can not only endow any new subject with its own characteristics, but also determine its future and development. In this way, Kuhn took concreteness as the core of his philosophical thought, and drew a line between actual "image", "model" and "philosophy" to distinguish it from other scientific philosophies. Kuhn's structural paradigm is the actual "image" and "model", which not only completes the problem-solving activities in conventional science, but also becomes an opportunity and means to open a new discipline, and establishes a new relationship between applied model and metaphysics, thus solving the problem of the way from general philosophical theory to practical scientific theory. Our analysis below mainly discusses and applies the latter two meanings of paradigm.

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