Xiangyang in history

1. What are the major military battles about Xiangyang in the history of China?

Source: comprehensive author: time: 20 14-05-23

Xiangyang, which is surrounded by mountains and rivers, has always been a battleground for military strategists in history because of its superior geographical location and dangerous mountain and river situation. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the 1940s, there were many battles here and hundreds of shocking historical war dramas were staged.

As early as the Spring and Autumn Period (7 1 1), there was a fierce battle between Chu and Pakistan to capture Dengcheng (northwest Xiangyang) (northeast Xiangyang).

In the third year of Xian Di Chuping (192), Sun Jian attacked Liu Biao in Jingzhou in order to expand his sphere of influence, and was shot at Fenglinguan in the south of the city.

In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), Guan Yu defeated Cao Jun in the north of the city, which was the famous battle of "seven armies flooded".

In the third year of Taiyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (378), Fu Pi, a former Qin soldier, invaded Xiangyang, and Mrs. Han, the mother of the commander-in-chief Zhu Xu, led the maids and women in the city to build a new city to resist the enemy.

In the fourth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 134), Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold star, fought for Xiangyang. In the 11th year of Chunyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (125 1), Zengbo Li defeated the Mongolian army and defended Xiangfan.

From the third year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1267) to the ninth year of Xianchun (1273), the longest and coolest battle between Song and Meng occurred in Xiangyang history.

In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (164 1), Zhang led his soldiers to disguise themselves as soldiers and outsmart Xiangyang. In the 15th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1642), Li Zicheng unified the army to conquer Xiangyang again and established the government as king.

In the first year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1796), Wang Conger led the "White Lotus Sect" to revolt in Huanglongdang, Xiangyang, which shocked Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu and Henan provinces.

1July, 948, after nearly 10 days of fierce fighting, the people * * * rushed into Xiangyang city and captured Kang Ze, the commander of * * *, and liberated the whole territory of Xiangyang in one fell swoop.

Since then, the ancient Xiangyang has bid farewell to the war between fighters and smoke forever and regained its youth.

Second, the history of Xiangyang, the Zhou Dynasty, was enfeoffed with the same surname, and an alliance tribe was founded. The territory mainly includes Deng, Gu, Luo, Sui, Tang, Li, Lu Rong and other countries. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Chu destroyed the above countries and set up counties and cities. See the history of Suixian, Dengxian, Tan, Lu and other cities, and now set up Beijin garrison in Xiangyang City.

In Qin Dynasty, it was Deng, Zhuyang, Yan, Sui, Yong, Yan and Yong counties.

Xiangyang County was founded in the early Western Han Dynasty, named after the county is located in the Yang of Xiangshui (now the South Canal), which governs the areas south of Hanshui, east of Zhonglu County and north of the county seat.

Emperor Wu belongs to Nanjun, Jingzhou Secretariat Department.

Wang Mang was renamed "Xiangyang", and it was restored to its original name when Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it still belongs to Jingzhou Nanjun. In the early years of Xian Di Pingnian, Liu Biao, the secretariat of Jingzhou, moved to Xiangyang. In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Cao Cao controlled the northern part of Nanjun, established Xiangyang County, and administered Xiangyang City.

Cao Wei and the Western Jin Dynasty still belong to Xiangyang County of Jingzhou. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, people from Yongzhou (now Shaanxi) took refuge and flowed into Xiangyang and other places. In order to settle refugees, Emperor Xiaowu settled in Yongzhou with Xiangyang as the center in the 14th year of Taiyuan (389).

In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in the 26th year of Song Yuanjia (449), the five counties of Xiangyang, Nanyang, Xinye and Sui in Jingzhou were designated as the real land where overseas Chinese lived in Yongzhou, and the state was ruled by Xiangyang. Nanqiyan remains the same. Liang Shixiao offered sacrifices to Xiangyang to the Western Wei Dynasty, which was renamed Xiangzhou as the Governor's Office. This county belongs to Xiangyang County, the general manager of Xiangzhou. Northern Zhou Yan is still there.

Emperor Wendi of Sui belongs to Xiangzhou. Yang Di belongs to Xiangyang County.

In the fourth year of Tang Wude (62 1), the county was changed to a state. In the early years of Zhenguan, Shannan Road was located in Xiangyang City, and the county belonged to Xiangzhou and Shannan Road. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), it belonged to Xiangzhou, Shannan East Road (the place of governance was still in Xiangyang) (Tianbao was changed to County and renamed Xiangzhou, Gan Yuan).

In the Five Dynasties, it belonged to Shannan Road (actually Shannan East Road) Xiangzhou.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, it belonged to Xiangzhou, southwest of Beijing. The first year of Xuanhe (1 1 19) belonged to Xiangyang Prefecture, southwest of Beijing. In the fifth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 135), "one province entered Xiangyang", and the county jurisdiction expanded to the north of Hanshui River, still belonging to Xiangyang Prefecture.

In the 29th year of Yuan Dynasty (1292), it belonged to Xiangyang Road, Zhongshu Province in the south of the Yangtze River in the north of the Yangtze River.

In the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Xiangyang Prefecture, a province of Huguang Hangshu. Hongwu nine years (1376), under Xiangyang Prefecture, Huguang Propaganda and Deployment Department.

1643 65438+ October (December 15th year of Chongzhen), Li Zicheng once renamed Xiangyang as Xiang Jing.

During the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Xiangyang Prefecture, Hubei Province.

In 2 years, Hubei Province was directly under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China. For 3 years, it belongs to Xiangyang Road, Hubei Province. 16, abandoned road, province directly under the county. 17 years under the administrative office of northern Hubei. 2 1, which belongs to the Office of Administrative Inspector of the Eighth District of Hubei Province. For 25 years, it belongs to the Office of the Administrative Inspector of the Fifth District of Hubei Province. In the meantime, from July 1930 to June 1932, China * * * established a Soviet regime in Xiangyang county, Huanglong region (other areas in the county were ruled by * * *), which was under the leadership of the Soviet area in the Hubei, Henan and Anhui border areas.

1948 1, Xiangyang patriotic democracy * * * was established, and it belongs to the third agency of Tongbai Administrative Office and Hannan Office. 65438+February 0949, under the Office of the Commissioner of Xiangyang Administrative Region, Hubei Province.

After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), it became the Commissioner's Office of Xiangyang Administrative Region, Hubei Province (1May, 950, Xiangfan City was established with Xiangyang and Fancheng Town of Xiangyang County, under the Xiangyang Department). 1952 changed its name to Xiangyang District Commissioner's Office of Hubei Province, 1955, 1979 changed its name to Xiangyang District Administrative Office of Hubei Province (it was placed under the jurisdiction of Xiangfan City in the same year). Xiangyang area was abolished in August 1983, and the administrative area was merged into Xiangfan city (prefecture-level city). 20 10 12 9 was officially changed to Xiangyang city, Hubei province (prefecture-level city).

Third, Xiangyang History Xiangyang District was founded in the early Western Han Dynasty, named after the county is located in the Yang of Xiangshui, which governs the areas south of Hanshui, east of Zhonglu County and north of the county.

Emperor Wu belongs to Nanjun, Jingzhou Secretariat Department. Wang Mang was renamed "Xiangyang", and it was restored to its original name when Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it still belongs to Jingzhou Nanjun.

In the early years of Xian Di Pingnian, Liu Biao, the secretariat of Jingzhou, moved to Xiangyang. In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Cao Cao controlled the northern part of Nanjun, established Xiangyang County, and administered Xiangyang City.

Cao Wei and the Western Jin Dynasty still belong to Xiangyang County of Jingzhou. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, people from Yongzhou (now Shaanxi) took refuge and flowed into Xiangyang and other places. In order to settle refugees, Emperor Xiaowu settled in Yongzhou with Xiangyang as the center in the 14th year of Taiyuan (389).

In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, in the 26th year of Song Yuanjia (449), the five counties of Xiangyang, Nanyang, Xinye and Sui in Jingzhou were designated as the real land where overseas Chinese lived in Yongzhou, and the state was ruled by Xiangyang. Nanqiyan remains the same.

Liang Shixiao offered sacrifices to Xiangyang to the Western Wei Dynasty, which was renamed Xiangzhou as the Governor's Office. This county belongs to Xiangyang County, the general manager of Xiangzhou.

Northern Zhou Yan is still there. Emperor Wendi of Sui belongs to Xiangzhou.

Yang Di belongs to Xiangyang County. In the fourth year of Tang Wude (62 1), the county was changed to a state.

In the early years of Zhenguan, Xiangyang City was set up in Shannan Channel, and the county belonged to Xiangzhou and Shannan Road. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733), it belonged to Xiangzhou, Shannan East Road (the place of governance was still in Xiangyang) (Tianbao was changed to County and renamed Xiangzhou, Gan Yuan).

In the Five Dynasties, it belonged to Shannan Road (actually Shannan East Road) Xiangzhou. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it belonged to Xiangzhou, southwest of Beijing.

The first year of Xuanhe (1 1 19) belonged to Xiangyang Prefecture, southwest of Beijing. In the fifth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 135), "one province entered Xiangyang", and the county jurisdiction expanded to the north of Hanshui River, still belonging to Xiangyang Prefecture.

In the 29th year of Yuan Dynasty (1292), it belonged to Xiangyang Road, Zhongshu Province in the south of the Yangtze River in the north of the Yangtze River. In the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Xiangyang Prefecture, a province of Huguang Hangshu.

Hongwu nine years (1376), under Xiangyang Prefecture, Huguang Propaganda and Deployment Department. 1643 65438+ October (December 15th year of Chongzhen), Li Zicheng once renamed Xiangyang as Xiang Jing.

During the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Xiangyang Prefecture, Hubei Province. In 2 years, Hubei Province was directly under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China.

For 3 years, it belongs to Xiangyang Road, Hubei Province. 16, abandoned road, province directly under the county.

17 years under the administrative office of northern Hubei. 2 1, which belongs to the Office of Administrative Inspector of the Eighth District of Hubei Province.

For 25 years, it belongs to the Office of the Administrative Inspector of the Fifth District of Hubei Province. In the meantime, from July 1930 to June 1932, China * * * established a Soviet regime in Xiangyang county, Huanglong region (other areas in the county were ruled by * * *), which was under the leadership of the Soviet area in the Hubei, Henan and Anhui border areas.

1948 1, Xiangyang patriotic democracy * * * was established, and it belongs to the third agency of Tongbai Administrative Office and Hannan Office. 65438+February 0949, under the Office of the Commissioner of Xiangyang Administrative Region, Hubei Province.

After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), he was appointed as the Commissioner of Xiangyang, Hubei Province (1renamed Xiangyang Revolutionary Committee in August 1968, and1renamed Xiangyang Administrative Office in August 1978). 1983 10 month, belonging to Xiangfan City, Hubei Province.

200 1 changed to Xiangyang District, Xiangfan City.

4. Xiangyang is rich in historical, cultural and human resources and natural landscape. It is the birthplace of Yan Di, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, and Liu Xiu, the Guangwu Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty. With unique pagodas of national key protected cultural relics and the widest moat in China, it is called "the first city in China". Zhuge Liang worked in Xiangyang Longzhong for 10 years, and the story of Liu Bei's "three visits to the thatched cottage" happened here.

Xiangfan is not only an ancient battlefield for competing with each other, but also a place where historical literati and poets gather. It gave birth to Chu poet Song Yu, Warring States statesman Wu Zixu, Tang poet Du Hao-ran, Song painter Mi Fei and other famous literati, leaving behind the footprints of historical sages and poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu, and leaving behind poems sung through the ages. Li Bai wrote in the poem "Xiangyang Qu": "Xiangyang is a place of enjoyment, with crowing and dancing, and a white copper embankment. Jiangcheng is green and the moonlight is charming. "

In recent years, the city has vigorously developed the Gulong Central Scenic Area, which has been identified as a national scenic spot, built an antique street representing the folk houses in northwest Hubei, restored the Zhong Xuan Tower inscribed by RoyceWong, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, and opened up the Xianshan Natural Scenic Area, Tanxi Wanshan Scenic Area, Lumenshan Natural Scenic Area and Dengcheng Ruins Scenic Area. Du Fu said: "Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south, and then go north-to my own town!" " . Wang Wei's "Looking at the Han River" is to integrate the Han Long River into the surging Han River, and to infiltrate the beauty of the Han River and the charm of Xiangyang.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Xiangfan History 1, Battle of Chuba, Dengqiang China entered the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with many small countries and many wars in Xiangfan.

I have seen it five times in history. The battle between Chuba and Deng Qiang is a big one.

This war took place in the seventeenth year of King Huan of Zhou and the ninth year of Lu Huangong (703 BC). The fundamental reason is that the increasingly powerful Chu State is actively developing outward, constantly expanding its power, winning the Central Plains and plotting hegemony.

The specific reason is that Dao Shuo, the envoy of Chu sent to Dengzhou (6 kilometers northwest of Fancheng), and the envoy of Pakistan, a friend of Chu, were attacked by people in their own cities at the southwest border of Dengzhou, and their property was robbed, and the envoys of Dao Shuo and Pakistan were killed. This angered the king of Chu, so in the summer of that year, he sent Dou Lian to lead the Chuba army to surround the country.

In order to save the nation, Deng sent a general to raise nephews and lead the army against Chu Ba. Deng Jun and the Chuba army fought three times, regardless of the outcome.

Later, Dou Lian used a stratagem to list the Pakistani army as a horizontal array to fight against Deng Jun, so that the Chu army retreated in disguise. Deng Jun mistakenly thought that the Chu army was defeated and pursued it by taking advantage of his weakness. As a result, he was attacked by the Chu army and Deng Jun was defeated. People also fled overnight.

2. Sun Shuai of Chu Lingyin ordered Yun Mengze. In 604 BC, Sun Shuai of Chu Lingyin (equivalent to the later prime minister) ordered Qu Shui to make Yun Mengze start pumping water to connect Jianghan, shortening the waterway from Xiangfan to Jiangling by more than 1,000 miles. 3. Qin will attack the state of Yan, and return in vain. The war took place in the thirty-sixth year of Zhou Nanwang (279 BC).

It was one of the wars in which Qin attacked six countries in succession, and it was also a war on the eve of Chu's demise. Qin first captured Deng, the territory of Chu, and set up Deng County.

Then he sent a general, Bai Qi, to lead an army to capture the land of Chu (now the jurisdiction of Yicheng in Xiangfan). Tian Lei dammed the Ximan River in Wuzhen, Nanzhang today, opened a canal to divert water and fill the swallow, and broke the city to occupy the swallow land.

The King of Qin sealed Wu Anjun from Bai Qi, hence the name Wu 'an Town. Since 279 BC, Wu 'an Town has a history of 2280 years.

The canal opened in Baiqi is called Baiqi Canal, which was later used to irrigate farmland in Nanzhang and Yicheng, and now the canal is still there. 4. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu's brother Ma Ling started a crusade against Xin Mang. Land annexation is serious, with rich people occupying hundreds of thousands of acres, and farmers are too poor to have a foothold.

In 8 AD, Wang Mang, a consort, usurped the Western Han regime, established the Xin Mang regime, announced the restructuring, monopolized state-owned land and salt and iron, and reformed the monetary system. Wang Mang's reform was not a political or social need at that time, but a blind attachment to the so-called Western Zhou system or superstitious ideas to raise his personal prestige.

Not only does it have no positive significance, but it has created greater confusion for the country and society. Wang Mang changed the currency system again and again, which made the currency system chaotic and a large number of people went bankrupt.

Wang Mang also insulted ethnic minorities and waged war against ethnic minorities in Xiongnu, Northeast and Southwest China. In the last years of Wang Mang, natural disasters and man-made disasters continued year after year, and natural disasters in Hubei, Shandong and other places continued, so the uprising broke out here first.

? /kloc-in 0/7, the hungry people revolted under the leadership of Wang Kuang and Wang Feng. They gather in green forests and mountains, and are called "green forest heroes".

In A.D. 18, Fan Chong revolted in Langxie (now Zhucheng, Shandong). Because the rebels painted their eyebrows red, they were called "Red Eyebrow Army". Because of Wang Mang's usurpation of the Han Dynasty and other reasons, it violated the interests of the Liu family and angered some bureaucrats, so some of them also took part in the struggle against Wang Mang.

In the third year of Emperor Huang (AD 22), Liu Juyin, a native of Baishui, Nanyang (now Wudian Town, Zaoyang City, Xiangfan), led seven or eight thousand ethnic groups and guests. His brother led the guests from Wan (now Nanyang City, Henan Province) and later joined Liu Juyin's army to jointly oppose Wang Mang's regime. At the age of 28, Liu began his military and political career to revive the Han Dynasty in the world, and eventually ascended the throne of the supreme ruler and became the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

5. When Liu Biao moved Jingzhou to Xiangyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the secretariat of Jingzhou was located in Hanshou, Wuling (now Hunan), and Xiangyang was only a county in the south county of Jingzhou. In the second year of Chuping (A.D. 19 1), Xian Di took Liu Biao as the secretariat of Jingzhou and moved from Hanshou to Xiangyang.

Xiangyang has become the capital of Jingzhou from the seat of the third-level local organization, governing Hubei and Hunan provinces, Henan, Guizhou and a part of Guangdong and Guangxi, and has become the political, military, economic and cultural center of Jingzhou. This change has had a far-reaching impact on the social and historical development of Xiangfan.

6. Liu Bei's "three visits to the thatched cottage" was in the first year of Xingping (A.D. 194). When Zhuge Liang 13 years old, the four of them left their hometown in Shandong with their uncle Zhuge Xuan and arrived in Zhang Yu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) to be the prefect. Soon, the Han court sent Zhu Hao to his post, and Zhuge Xuan, who lost his official position, had to take Zhuge Liang's four brothers and sisters to Jingzhou to take refuge in Jingzhou Animal Husbandry (Xiangyang) Liu Biao.

After arriving in Xiangyang, Zhuge Liang went to the "academic hall" run by Liu Biao because of his young age. At about the age of 17, Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan died.

Zhuge Liang lost his livelihood and didn't want to be an official in Liu Biao's office, so he moved to Longzhong, which is more than twenty miles away from Xiangyang. Since then, he has worked hard for 10 years and gradually grew into a "Jie Jun" who understands the times. In the twelfth year of Jian 'an (AD 207), when Zhuge Liang was 27 years old, Liu Bei "visited the Caotang" in Longzhong, Xiangyang, met Zhuge Liang and asked about the plan to unify the world.

Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation at that time, and put forward the strategic idea of seizing Jingzhou and Yizhou as the base areas first, reforming politics at home, uniting with Sun Quan abroad, appeasing foreign countries in the south, waiting for an opportunity, and dividing the troops into two northern expeditions, thus unifying the whole country. This conversation is the famous "Longzhong Dui". It is the guidance of this strategic thought that laid the foundation for Liu Bei to establish the Shu-Han regime and form a political situation of tripartite confrontation, thus making the period of tripartite confrontation a very important development stage in the history of China.

7. Sun Jian Liu Biao attacked Fenglin Pass. In the second year of Chu Ping (A.D. 19 1), there was a battle between Sun Jian and Liu Biao in Fenglinguan, south of Xiangyang. The reason is that there is a gap between Yuan Shu and his younger brother Yuan Shao, and Yuan Shao and Liu Biao are tied together.

In this way, Yuan Shu and Sun Jian were unified. In addition, Sun Jian also wanted to expand his power, so he sent his troops to attack Liu Biao in this year.

Liu Biao sent Huang Zu to battle and met Sun Jian between Fancheng and Deng Sai. When the two sides were at war, Sun Jian was brave and Huang Zubing was defeated and stuck to Xiangyang.

Liu Biao ordered Huang Zu to sneak out of the city at night to mobilize reinforcements, and was defeated by Sun Jian at the foot of Xianshan Mountain in the south of Xiangyang. Sun Jian took advantage of the situation and led the cavalry to attack Xiangyang overnight. Because Liu Biao is familiar with the item.

6. How did the history of Xiangfan evolve? Xiangfan has a long history and a long culture. The ancient Hanshui River Basin has been inhabited and multiplied by human beings since the ancient Paleolithic Age, and it is the center of cultural exchange and integration between the north and the south of China.

In 827 BC, the bell was named Fan Hou, which has been more than 2800 years since. Before Qin and Han Dynasties, Xiangfan was the territory of Deng, Lu, Luo, Gu, Li, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and then Chu. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, it was also the cultural center of the Three Kingdoms and an important town in previous dynasties. Of the 120 stories in the famous Romance of the Three Kingdoms, 30 took place here.

Xiangfan has been the intersection of Central Plains culture and Chu culture since ancient times, and it has nurtured many historical and cultural celebrities, such as Song Yu, a writer of Chu Ci, Liu Xiu, a statesman and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period, Meng Haoran, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, and Mi Fei, a painter and painter in the Song Dynasty. , have left a glorious footprint on this land. Xiangfan is characterized by frequent wars and outstanding people.

In the history of more than 3,000 years, the famous battles include Guan Yu's drive of the Seventh Army, Yue Fei's recovery of Xiangyang, Li Zicheng's invasion of Xiangyang, Zhang Zizhong's anti-Japanese Zaozhuang Campaign, and the Xiangfan Campaign of the Liberation War.

Seven. History, history and culture of Xiangfan

One of the oldest regions in China, 600,000 years ago, human beings thrived here. Xiangfan was called Xiangyang and Fancheng in ancient times. Fancheng was named after the Zhongshan House (Fan Muzhong) here, and Xiangyang was named because it was located in the sun of Xiangshui (now the South Canal). Fancheng began in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Xiangyang was built in the early Han Dynasty. Since the first year of Xianping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 190), Muliu Biao in Jingzhou moved to Xiangyang, and Xiangyang has been ruled by officials, Taoism, prefectures, roads and counties. Xiangfan was founded in May 1950 and upgraded to a provincial city in June 1979. 1983 merged with Xiangyang in September, and the city and county system was implemented. 1986 65438+was approved as a national historical and cultural city by the State Council on February 8th.

Xiangfan has a history of more than 2,800 years, and the first ancient city pool in China is well preserved. Zhuge Liang, the embodiment of the wisdom of the Chinese nation, lived in Gulong, west of Xiangyang 13 km, for 10 years, and achieved the famous "front model", "back model" and "longzhong pair". Of the 20 stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms/kloc-0, 3 1 story took place in Xiangfan. Song Yu, Du Fu, Meng Haoran, Pi Rixiu, Li Bai, Du Fu, Mi Fei and many other famous literati have made this land in Xiangfan more humanistic.

Xiangfan is rich in human resources and natural landscape. It is the birthplace of Yan Di, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, and Liu Xiu, the Guangwu Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty. With unique pagodas of national key protected cultural relics and the widest moat in China, it is called "the first city in China". Zhuge Liang worked in Xiangyang Longzhong for 10 years, and the story of Liu Bei's "three visits to the thatched cottage" happened here. Xiangfan is not only an ancient battlefield for competing with each other, but also a place where historical literati and poets gather. It gave birth to Chu poet Song Yu, Warring States statesman Wu Zixu, Tang poet Du Hao-ran, Song painter Mi Fei and other famous literati, leaving behind the footprints of historical sages and poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu, and leaving behind poems sung through the ages. Li Bai wrote in the poem "Xiangyang Qu": "Xiangyang is a place of enjoyment, with crowing and dancing, and a white copper embankment. Jiangcheng is green and the moonlight is charming. " In recent years, the city has vigorously developed the Gulong Central Scenic Area, which has been identified as a national scenic spot, built an antique street representing the folk houses in northwest Hubei, restored the Zhong Xuan Tower inscribed by RoyceWong, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, and opened up the Xianshan Natural Scenic Area, Tanxi Wanshan Scenic Area, Lumenshan Natural Scenic Area and Dengcheng Ruins Scenic Area. Du Fu said: "Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south, and then go north-to my own town!" " . Wang Wei's "Looking at the Han River" is to integrate the Han Long River into the surging Han River, and to infiltrate the beauty of the Han River and the charm of Xiangyang.

Eight, what are the historical stories of Xiangyang (380 words) During the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian He, a native of Chu, got a piece of original stone jade in Jingshan (now Nanzhang County and Baokang County of Xiangfan City) and presented it to Li, the king of Chu.

The jade worker turned it into stone by mistake, and King Li cut off Bian He's left foot for fraud. After King Wu succeeded to the throne, he went to offer sacrifices. The jade worker said it was a stone, so he cut off his right foot.

After Wang Wen acceded to the throne, Bian He cried at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. Wang Wenpa sent someone to ask, and Bian He complained about the injustice of killing. Wang Wen asked the jade worker to cut jade and get Baoyu, which was called "He Shibi".

After Qin Shihuang unified the whole country, Li Si, the prime minister, was asked to engrave the four characters "Obey the Heaven, and the Tao will be immortal" on it as a family heirloom. I don't know what to do.

? Wai? In 703 BC, Pakistan, a powerful country, wanted to make friends with Deng Guo (Dengcheng Village, 6 kilometers north of Fancheng), and first obtained the consent of Chu State. Chu sent ambassador Dao Shuo to lead Pakistani ambassador Hanbok to see Deng.

When Dao Shuo and Hanbok went to Deng, they met. The looting and killing of China people. So Chu sent Dou Lian to lead the army to attack together with the Pakistani army? Country.

Deng Guo sent a foster nephew and a mountain nephew to lead the rescue? China contained the siege of Bachu allied forces. Later, Chuba Road was attacked back and forth, and Deng Guojun was defeated by Scylla and Charybdis. People also flee at night.

The battle between Chuba and Deng Guo is the earliest recorded war in Xiangfan. ? At the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty became weaker and weaker, and Chu took advantage of the situation and began military expansion.

Chu passed Xiong Ran, Xiong E and Ruoao, broke through Jingshan in the south, moved from Danyang to Ying, and took Jingzhou as its foundation. Around 50 years ago (before 69 1), Luo and Lu were destroyed by Chu, and Xiangyang was an important ferry and military fortress for the north to enter the Central Plains and expand eastward, which was called the Northern Jin Dynasty.

Deng Guo, the country destroyed by Chu, is an early developer in the north of Hanshui River in Xiangfan, and the city is in the northern suburb of Fancheng. In the twelfth year of King Wen of Chu (678 BC), the Chu army crossed the Hanshui River and destroyed Deng Guo, and its influence extended to the north of Hanshui River.

Dengcheng is the earliest known city in Xiangfan. Xiangyang County in the Western Han Dynasty was established in Xiangyang County in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty.

About the sixth year of Emperor Gaudi (20 1), Xiangyang City was built. Xiangyang city in the Western Han Dynasty is suspected to be near Hanshui River in the northwest of Xiangyang ancient city, and most of the northwest of the city site has been submerged in the river.

Xiangyang county has been established for more than 2000 years, but the name of Xiangyang has yet to be verified. ? Liu Biao moved to Jingzhou in the first year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (190). Sun Jian, the prefect of Changsha, killed the king of Jingzhou secretariat and made Liu Biao the secretariat of Jingzhou.

When there was a war in the south of the Yangtze River, Liu Biao couldn't go to his post, so he went to Yicheng alone and asked Kuai Yue of Nanjun and Cai Mao of Xiangyang for help to occupy Xiangyang City. It was winter, Li? Liu Biao was appointed as the general of Zhennan and the shepherd of Jingzhou, and was named Wuhou. Xiangyang was subsequently appointed as Jingzhou.

Jingzhou governs Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang, Wuling, Jiangxia, Nanyang, Nanjun and Zhang Ling. In the case of chaos in the Central Plains, Liu Biao made Xiangyang "connect Wuling in the south and Hanchuan in the north, with a land of thousands of miles and a capital of more than 100,000", which became a relatively stable area in the turbulent society at that time.

The ancient city of Xiangyang, which has been preserved to this day, may have been built at this time. In the 12th year of Jian 'an in Longzhong of the Eastern Han Dynasty (2007), Liu Beitun entered a new field. On the recommendation of Xu Shu, he "visited the thatched cottage" in Longzhong and invited Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain.

After meeting each other, Zhuge Liang put forward the strategy of occupying Jing and Yi states, reconciling the nationalities in the southwest, uniting Sun Quan, rectifying internal affairs, and waiting for an opportunity to explore Cao Cao from Jing and Yi states in the north, in an attempt to unify China and restore the cause of Emperor Liu Han. This is the famous "Longzhong Dui" in history.

Later, Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime according to this plan, forming a pattern of sharing the world with Cao Wei and Sun Wu. ? In the 24th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (2 19), Liu Bei sent Guan Yu, a general, to attack Cao Ren stationed in Fancheng.

Cao Cao sent troops from Ban and Pound to reinforce Cao Ren and stationed in Guankouchuan, Gaozhangang and Tuanshanpu in the north of Fancheng. It was August, and it was raining cats and dogs. The Hanshui River surged and the ground was more than ten feet deep.

Yu Jin, Pound and other generals climbed mountains to avoid water. Guan Yu took advantage of Cao Jun's mistake in stationing troops in low-lying areas in summer, and ordered sailors to storm Cao Jun, which was trapped on every hill, in a ship that had already been prepared.

Pound fought hard and was defeated by Guan Yu. Yu Jin and his seventh army both died in the water.

This is the story of the famous Guan Yu who flooded the Seventh Army in history. ? Before the Battle of Xiangfan in Qin Jin, in the 14th year of Qin Jianyuan (378), sai-jo Fu Jian led 70,000 troops to attack Xiangyang, and Gou Jian led 40,000 troops out of Wudang to attack Xiangyang.

Zhu Xu, the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, expected that Qin Jun had no ships and was not prepared. Qin Jun crossed the river with 5000 people and got 100 boats. When the whole army crossed the river, Zhu Xu retreated to the city and held on for eight months.

Fu Jian was furious and ordered Fu Pi to capture Xiangyang in the following spring. "Otherwise, he will commit suicide and can't live." . Fu Pi stepped up his offensive.

Jin Huan Chong led an army of seventy thousand, afraid to go to the front. Fu Pi pretended to retreat, Zhu Xu counterattacked a small victory, so he slacked off. Qin Jun bribed Li Bohu to be an inside man. In the 15th year of Jianyuan (379), he suddenly attacked the city, broke Xiangyang and captured Zhu Xu.

? In the early Southern Song Dynasty, when Yue Fei regained Xiangyang, Jin Bing was trapped in Xiangyang for six years and was ruled by the puppet Qi regime. In the fourth year of Shaoxing (1 134), Yue Fei wrote to Song Gaozong: "The six counties in Xiangyang are in danger, and it has been basically restored to the Central Plains.

"Then led soldiers from Ezhou west, soldiers forced xiangyang. Li Cheng, commander-in-chief of the puppet state of Qi, guarded the river bank with cavalry and the ground with infantry.

Yue Fei attacked his cavalry with pike infantry, attacked his infantry with cavalry, and drove Li Cheng's cavalry into Hanshui River. There were countless casualties among Ma Ta infantry. Li Cheng retired at night and Yue Fei occupied Xiangyang. In the sixth year of Shaoxing (1 136), Yue Fei entered the Central Plains via Xiangyang and recovered Shangzhou in Shaanxi and western Henan. However, due to Song Gaozong's policy of compromise and protection of rights, Yue Fei was forced to retreat to Ezhou.

? The Battle of Xiangfan in the Song and Yuan Dynasties In the fifth year of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1269), Mongolian soldiers besieged Xiangyang on a large scale. In the Southern Song Dynasty, two ambassadors of Huai 'an were sent to Xiangyang many times to help the commander-in-chief Lu defeat the Mongolian soldiers. In the seventh year of Xianchun (127 1), Kublai Khan formally established the Yuan Dynasty, invaded and destroyed the Song Dynasty in the south with Xiangyang as the outpost, and sent more troops to besiege.

In the second year, there was a shortage of firewood and rice cloth in Xiangyang. Li Tingzhi has built a 100 ship in the upper reaches of the Niqing River in the west of the city, and assembled 3000 militiamen.

Zhang Shun and Zhang Gui of the Militia Department led a team to break through the encirclement of the Yuan Army and send materials to Xiangyang City. Zhang Shun was killed. Zhang Gui was killed by the Yuan Army after he left the city for help.

In the west of Xiangyang city, there is a double shrine to commemorate the two. In the ninth year of Xianchun (1273), the Yuan army concentrated its naval and army artillery on Fancheng, and the defenders Fan Tianshun, Niu Fu and Wang Fu were killed one after another.

After the Yuan army occupied Fancheng, it concentrated more artillery to attack Xiangyang City. The generals of the Southern Song Dynasty in the city were tired of fighting, and the main general Lu took advantage of the situation to lower the Yuan Dynasty, and Xiangyang fell.

Around the Battle of Xiangfan in Song and Yuan Dynasties.