Who is Gagarin?

/KOOC-0/96/KOOC-0/April/KOOC-0/2, wearing a 90kg spacesuit, Gagarin, the first astronaut of the former Soviet Union, went into space in the "Oriental" spacecraft weighing 4.75t, becoming the first person in the world to go into space and see the whole earth from the universe.

Gagarin 1934 was born in a peasant family in Ge Satz District, Smolensk State, the former Soviet Union. 195 1 year, he graduated from liubieerqi vocational middle school with excellent results, became a well-trained metallurgical worker, and continued to study in saratov industrial technology school, learning to fly in his spare time. 1955 After graduating from industrial technical school with excellent results, he began to study flying in orenburg Aviation Military School. 1957 joined the former Soviet Army and became a fighter pilot of a certain aviation regiment of the former Soviet North Fleet.

1959 10, the selection of the first astronauts in the former Soviet Union was carried out nationwide. Gagarin stood out from more than 3,400 air force pilots under the age of 35 and became one of the 20 selected pilots. 1960 began training in the former Soviet union astronaut training center in March. During the training, Gagarin became the first astronaut in the former Soviet Union with his firm belief, excellent physique, optimistic spirit and extraordinary wit.

The "Oriental" spacecraft was launched at 9: 07 am on April 196 12, Moscow time. It orbits the earth at the highest altitude of 30 1 km, lasts for 1 hour for 48 minutes, and lands in the former Soviet Union at 10: 55. After the flight, newspapers all over the world reported it immediately, making Gagarin's name a household name all over the world. Gagarin also won the Lenin Medal and was awarded the titles of "Soviet hero" and "Soviet astronaut". After this historic flight, Gagarin went abroad many times and visited 27 countries, and 22 cities awarded him the title of honorary citizen.

In Moscow on April 12, the Red Square is full of spring. Surrounded by relatives and friends, valentina, 65, walked slowly through rows of neat pines and cypresses to the depths of the Great Wall of the Kremlin, where her husband, yuri gagarin, the first man in space, was buried. Two weeks ago, on March 27th, valentina also shed tears at the grave of the great man under this great wall. That day was the day Gagarin was killed. On this day, the 40th anniversary of Gagarin's entry into space, she came again. She brought the memory of her wife, the love of her relatives, and the deep affection for this hero from all over the world.

On the occasion of commemorating the 40th anniversary of Gagarin's entry into space, Russian cities have held various activities to commemorate and cherish the memory of this hero in space history. President Putin presented flowers to the Gagarin Monument in the space city on the outskirts of Moscow, visited the Gagarin Museum, met with the old-timers in the Russian space industry, and met with Gagarin's wife and descendants.

Gagarin's reputation is immortal.

1961April 12, at 9: 07 Moscow time, the world's first manned spacecraft was launched from Baikonur Space Center. 1 hour 48 minutes later, the return capsule landed smoothly on the flat and wide grassland of Kazakhstan. The moment the hatch was opened, yuri gagarin's name, together with his charming smile, began to spread all over the world with the fastest speed. Gagarin, the hero who traveled in space for the first time!

In Russia, many people keep the old records and the records are spinning. Levitan, a famous Soviet announcer, has a rich and broad voice, which seems to bring time back to 40 years ago. The above is the major news released by TASS on April 196 1:

"/KOOC-0/96/KOOC-0/April/KOOC-0/2, the Soviet Union launched the world's first' Oriental' manned spaceship into Earth orbit.

The pilot of the "Oriental" spacecraft is yury alekseyevich gagarin, a citizen of the Soviet Socialist Republic. The multistage rocket was successfully launched. After reaching the first cosmic speed and separating from the upper stage launch vehicle, the spacecraft began to fly freely around the earth.

It is preliminarily estimated that the spacecraft will orbit the earth in 108 minutes, with the shortest distance 175 km and the longest distance of 302 km ... "Levitan brought people back to that heyday.

Gagarin spent 108 minutes in space.

Since Levitan broadcast the news of Gagarin's going to heaven with his unique voice, the whole Soviet Union held its breath and waited for the hero to return to Earth. The hero is back. In Moscow, Kiev and Tashkent, thousands of people spontaneously took to the streets. For the whole country, Gagarin is a real hero and a symbol of the new stage of the development of the universe.

Russian media recently revealed that before Gagarin took off, the only journalist who knew Gagarin was Cerec Kintsev, a photojournalist from the Tass news agency of the Soviet Union. Before the manned spacecraft went into the sky, he was ordered to take a batch of photos of Gagarin. The photos taken were put in a sealed safe by the editor-in-chief The editor-in-chief said that the Tass news agency can only take it out after the manned spacecraft enters orbit. Romanov, an 84-year-old former Tass news agency reporter, said: "According to the current statement, if the news is leaked in advance, the sensational effect of major events will be greatly reduced." He recalled that in April 12, in the morning 10, the secretary of the editor-in-chief called and asked him to go to the editor-in-chief room immediately to hear the official notice. Editor-in-chief Kolyonov shook hands with him, and then took out a government document printed on special paper from the folder: "Hurry up, Levitan has the other one. It seems that Gagarin has flown more than half. " Five minutes later, galina, the fastest typist in the club, typed the manuscript. 10, 13, the press release of tass news agency flew to 1500 domestic news agencies and 50 foreign subscribers. For the sake of confidentiality, the communique did not say the launch time-9: 07. The news was officially announced at a press conference held three days later. The news of the Tass news agency shocked the world. An old American news agency wrote: "Americans take off their hats." People rushed to tell each other, and the crowd was excited. The joy and happiness that Gagarin brought to all Soviets in those years are really unforgettable.

After Gagarin's death, his hometown Gege Teske was renamed "First Astronaut City". The names of all the units in the city are related to aerospace. The hotel is called "Oriental", the shopping mall is called "Moonlight" and the travel agency is called "Gagarin Tour". The first human space museum was located in a small church in the past, although it was known that the church opposed people flying to the stars. Now, here is a virtual environment device. It is said that people can find the feeling of going into space with their feet. Everything in the Gagarin Museum is precious. It is also reported that Gagarin's maiden voyage log will be auctioned in new york on May 9th. The log includes Gagarin's impressions of flying, his own feelings about taking off, landing and being in the universe. One of the most wonderful is the description of the last few minutes before landing-the feeling of seeing the earth from the universe. According to experts' estimation, Gagarin's journal will be sold at a high price of 65438+500,000-200,000 dollars.

Heroes are also ordinary people.

Gagarin was the first person destined to watch the earth from outer space, so he became a world-famous man of the hour. However, as his wife said, he knows that he is an ordinary person.

From 65438 to 0959, korolev, the father of Russian space, began to study manned space flight. Moscow is determined to send a manned spacecraft into space before Washington, so the selection of astronauts has become quite urgent. Thousands of air force pilots who meet the selection conditions participated in the competition and entered the astronaut training center. Gagarin and other 19 fighter pilots were screened layer by layer and finally won the glorious status of the first astronauts in the Soviet Union.

Forty years ago, people's understanding of the universe was still quite limited, and no one knew what kind of people could be astronauts. Good physical quality, rich driving experience and superior psychological quality, it is through the comprehensive investigation of the above aspects that Gagarin became the first among 20 astronauts. The leader of the space base took a fancy to Gagarin because he was the best prepared among young people with the same conditions. Sergei korolev, the chief designer of the spacecraft, said Gagarin was "naturally brave, analytical, diligent and modest". Later, it was found that Gagarin's psychological quality was really outstanding. Even before liftoff, Gagarin's pulse kept at about 64 beats per minute.

Marg Menov is a radio expert who is in charge of radio communication with Gagarin at the base. For 40 years, he has never been interviewed, but on the 40th anniversary of human entering space, he agreed to be interviewed by Russian independent television. He said that in fact, some details of Gagarin's flight have been kept secret for a long time and have become state secrets. Gagarin entered the spaceship two hours early, and then something unpleasant happened. First, it was found that the hatch was not closed, and then it was found that Gagarin forgot to turn on the communication switch and could not contact the ground. Marg Menov used his quick wits to tune the frequency with a small radio station, and finally resumed contact with Gagarin. But there is still a long time before ignition. In order to keep Gagarin from being too nervous and lonely, the chief designer asked me to play some music for Gagarin, and I played him some pop songs by Okuzevi. At the last moment of the countdown, Gagarin shouted out the famous sentence: "fly!" " "At that time, there was no video system between the ground and the spacecraft. The base only heard his voice, but he was not there. The whole flight process was recorded, and the weight of the disc reached 40 kg. The CD was later put into a box. The seal posted on the mouth of the box says, "Always top secret".

After the first space flight, Gagarin took an active part in training other astronauts. 196/kloc-0 served as captain of astronauts in may, and 1963 was promoted to deputy director of astronaut training center in February. While training other astronauts, he himself did not give up training and dreamed of going into space again. 1in April, 967, he completed the training and preparation for the first flight of Soyuz spacecraft and became the successor of astronaut komarov. After his space training, he didn't give up flying fighters. I also went to zhukovsky Aviation Military Academy to continue studying flying, and graduated from 1968.

1968 On March 27th, he and flight instructor Serekin were on a routine training flight when a two-seat jet plane crashed and died. After Gagarin's death, his ashes were buried in a niche on the wall of the Kremlin. His hometown of Satz was named Gagarin City, and the astronaut training center he trained was named after him. To commemorate Gagarin's feat of going into space for the first time, Russia designated 12 in April every year as the Space Festival, and held a grand commemorative event on this day to remember this hero.

Works: The Road to the Universe (Notes of Soviet Astronauts); "Intense feelings! (Collection of speeches, letters and interviews); Psychology and the Universe (with lebedev).

Life:

1March 9, 934: Born in Gesatsk, the western frontier of Moscow, the Soviet Union.

194 1 may: Gagarin starts school. A month later, the German army invaded the former Soviet Union, and his studies were interrupted. After the war, he went back to school.

195 1 year: I left the technical school and became a well-trained metalworker. I continued to study in the technical college and learned to fly in my spare time.

1955: graduated from junior college and joined the former Soviet air force as a pilot.

1957: Become a test pilot.

1960: joined the astronaut corps and was elected as the first person to travel in space.

1961April 12: Gagarin flew around the earth for 40,000 kilometers (25,000 miles) in 108 minutes.

1960s: director of astronaut training program.

1March 27th, 968: He died in a plane crash during a routine test flight.

Gagarin's death and his descendants

1On March 27th, 968, Gagarin died in a plane crash while flying a jet two-seat plane for training. Meanwhile, flight instructor Seregin was killed. At that time, the government set up a special Committee to investigate the crash, but the results of the investigation have not yet been announced. There are various explanations and versions about Gagarin's death. It is said that the members of the accident investigation Committee are all first-class experts. They investigated every detail from technical equipment to the pilot's whole operation, but found no abnormality and technically could not find the cause of the accident. But after all, the accident happened, so experts had to guess what happened at that time: First, the pilot may have regarded the clouds as a sudden obstacle when descending; Second, a flock of birds appeared; Third, the plane falls into the wake of another plane or the rising longitudinal airflow.

Gagarin's grandson is also named Yuri, with the same name as his grandfather Gagarin. It is a Russian tradition to give children the names of elders of different generations to show respect for their elders. 1 1 year-old Yuri has been to grandpa's hometown many times, but he is still interested in seeing the Volga cars in the yard. That was Gagarin's reward for his first space flight. By the way, it is a tradition in Moscow to award astronauts cars.

Gagarin's sister Zoya recalled the past: It was the spring of 196 1 year, and even the closest people didn't guess what Yuri was going to do. Before his last business trip, he said to his mother, "Mom, I'm going on a business trip." Mother asked, "Son, is it far?" "Yes, it's far, Mom." "How far is that?" "Well, it's far." Gagarin married his wife valentina on 1957. 1959, the eldest daughter yelena was born, and the youngest daughter galina was born one month before her father set foot in space. When Gagarin was killed, valentina was 33 years old and had two girls, the older was 9 years old and the younger was 7 years old. Although he has never met with financial difficulties, it is still extremely difficult for valentina to raise two children alone. Now, both children are over thirty and have their own careers and families. Yelena graduated from the history department of Moscow University, and has been engaged in art theory research with an associate doctorate. At present, she works in Pushkin Museum of Plastic Arts. Galina also received an associate doctorate, but not in art history, but in regional economics. She graduated from plekhanov University of Economics and has been working there ever since. Yuri, 1 1 years old, is her son. People say that the child looks like his grandfather.