Nikon SB900 flash

No, SB900 already contains the functions of SU800. In addition, I will give you some information, I hope it will be useful to you!

Recommendation of SLR Newcomers —— Photography Skills of Digital SLR Camera

First, the method of loading and unloading lens

The connection between the lens and the fuselage of a SLR camera is realized by something called a bayonet, which is usually three knives inside or three knives outside. In order to prevent the lens from falling off the fuselage, there is a locking tenon. Different cameras produced by different manufacturers have slightly different positions and operation methods of locking devices, which leads to different lens loading and unloading. For example, Nikon's F bayonet is equipped with three internal knives rotating counterclockwise, while Canon's EF bayonet is equipped with three internal knives rotating clockwise, and the initial position of the positioning point is different when the lens is inserted.

Why use a rotating bayonet? At first, the camera lens with interchangeable lens was connected to the fuselage with screws, just like screwing screws into nuts (such as M42 screws, which had a great influence). With the passage of time, screws can no longer meet the needs of new users. For example, screws can no longer basically meet the needs of full aperture metering and reduced aperture shooting, which is the most basic function of bayonet SLR cameras, so bayonet came into being.

Be careful when installing the lens, and be more careful when removing the lens. The lens must be vertical when it is pulled out, otherwise it will not only be difficult to pull out, but also damage the lens barrel or the bayonet of the fuselage. When rotating the lens, your hand should hold the lens barrel, not the aperture ring, focus ring or zoom ring. When installing the lens, aim the red dot on the lens at the red dot on the fuselage, then insert it, rotate it to the end according to the required direction, and hear the locking "click" sound.

In a windy and dusty environment, try not to replace the lens, so as to avoid dust entering the mirror box, which may not only touch the CCD, but also enter the moving parts, leading to increased wear and even failure. If you need to change the lens in harsh environment, then turn the fuselage upside down and load and unload it with the bayonet facing down to avoid dust entering to the maximum extent. The replaced lens should be covered with front and back covers as soon as possible and put into a bag or lens barrel.

Second, make good use of ISO sensitivity.

ISO, commonly known as sensitivity, can be clearly seen on the film packaging used in traditional cameras, such as ISO 100, ISO200, ISO400 and so on. By adjusting the ISO value, the sensitivity of digital camera can be changed. Under the same conditions (constant exposure), the higher the ISO, the faster the photosensitive speed and the shorter the exposure time. That is to say, under the same environment and the same shutter aperture, if the ISO value is set higher, the brightness of digital photos will be higher.

Adjust ISO

I bought a digital camera, and now I can start shooting. To take beautiful digital photos, you need to choose different shooting modes according to the needs of the scene. You also need to pay attention to the sensitivity, the choice of white balance, the control of background blur, the frame of composition, the direction of light and the choice of edge points. Next, let's take a look at how to take pictures.

1. The role of high sensitivity

Due to the improvement of ISO, the photosensitive time of CCD can be effectively reduced, which is convenient for us to shoot in weak light. Because when shooting in low light or at night, it usually takes a long exposure time. Once the exposure time is too long, hand shaking will easily affect the shooting clarity. The only way is to fix the camera with a tripod. But after all, for most users, it is not a convenient thing to go out for entertainment with a tripod at any time. In addition, sometimes some emergencies will happen at night. The most direct way to get a brighter shooting effect is to use a high ISO value, so that the shooting effect will be better. Scenes with high ISO values include night scenes, low light environments and quick snapshots.

2. The role of low sensitivity

However, the higher the sensitivity, the better, because although the photo with a small ISO value has the weakest brightness, the picture quality is the best. The photos with too high ISO have the most obvious graininess and more noise. Therefore, a higher ISO setting is not suitable for digital photos with high quality requirements, especially portrait shooting, still life shooting and close-up.

Third, choose the appropriate exposure mode.

Exposure mode dial

Exposure is a commonly used term in photography, which is the amount of natural light that enters the camera when shooting. If the amount of light is too large, the photos will appear very bright, which is called overexposure; If there is too little light, the photo will appear very dark, which is called underexposure. Grasping the intensity of exposure plays a very important role in the quality of a photo. Exposure modes are divided into:

1. Automatic exposure

Automatic exposure is an exposure method for digital cameras to automatically analyze and select exposure intensity according to light conditions, which is also commonly known as fool operation. This method has no technical content, and everything depends on the automatic identification of digital cameras. Automatically set the aperture and shutter speed according to the specific situation of shooting scene light. When the light is insufficient, the camera will automatically turn on the internal flash. In some news reports and emergencies, in order to seize the time, automatic exposure is generally used.

2. Shutter priority

Shutter priority is to automatically obtain the aperture value through camera photometry when the shutter speed is defined manually. When shooting moving objects, we often find that the subject is blurred, mostly because the shutter speed is not fast enough. In this case, you can use the shutter priority mode, roughly determine a shutter value, and then shoot. When the shutter speed is lower than 1/60 seconds, it is recommended to use a tripod to shoot, so as not to affect the photo clarity due to hand jitter. The faster the shutter, the less light enters; The slower the shutter, the greater the amount of light. Shutter priority is mostly used to shoot moving objects, especially sports shooting. High-speed shutter can be used to solidify the instantaneous state of the object, while slow shutter can realize the blurring of the moving object.

3. Aperture priority

Aperture priority means that the photographer first chooses the aperture needed for shooting, and then the camera determines the required shutter speed according to the light conditions on the spot. The larger the aperture, the greater the amount of light entering, the more obvious the effect of background blur, and the more prominent the subject is; The smaller the aperture, the smaller the amount of light, and the greater the depth of field before and after focusing. Generally speaking, macro photography often uses a larger aperture to achieve the purpose and effect of blurring the messy background. In order to obtain clear and detailed images before and after landscape shooting, a smaller aperture is often used for shooting. Large aperture is suitable for macro shooting, and small aperture is suitable for landscape shooting.

4. Manual exposure mode

Manual exposure mode is completely determined by the user to shoot the aperture and shutter speed required. Users can set the aperture and shutter speed according to their artistic creation intention and expected shooting effect, which provides users with great freedom. When the setting exceeds the sensitivity, the camera will prompt you by sound or flash. For inexperienced novices, manual exposure mode is difficult and the operation is slightly complicated, so it is difficult to capture fleeting scenes.

5. Adjustment of exposure compensation

Exposure compensation adjustment

In Gao Fancha, where the light is complex and the contrast is strong, it is sometimes difficult to give consideration to the overall situation by using automatic exposure or shutter and aperture priority mode, and it is impossible to highlight the theme and achieve the expected effect. At this time, the photographer needs to manually adjust the corresponding exposure parameters of the equipment, that is, exposevalue, that is, EV. For beginners, exposure compensation is generally used for still life and scene shooting. This situation is suitable for calmly adjusting parameters and taking photos of different compensation schemes for selection. However, in the contrast picture, it is difficult to give full consideration to exposure compensation, and it is easy to lose sight of one thing and lose sight of another.

Generally, exposure compensation is used in automatic or semi-automatic exposure mode. If it is a full manual exposure mode, exposure compensation is rarely used, because the amount of light entering can be changed by adjusting the shutter and aperture.

Fourth, reasonable exposure, understand the histogram.

Histogram is a tool to determine the exposure accuracy of photos through the waveform parameters displayed on LCD. Nowadays, many digital cameras can see the real-time histogram when taking a view, so that we can clearly judge the exposure of the photos taken or being taken.

bar chart

The horizontal axis of the histogram represents the number of pixels in the photo from black (dark part) to white (light part) from left to right. Let's look at two examples:

The ripple on the histogram is displayed on the left, indicating that the whole picture is dark and may be underexposed.

Ripples run through the horizontal axis, with no peaks, and the light and dark ends overflow, so photos may lose light and dark details seriously.

Fifth, make good use of white balance.

Many people may feel the same way: what looks white in normal light may not look white in dark light, and it may not look white in some special light sources (such as fluorescent lamps).

Generally speaking, CCD can't automatically correct the change of light like human eyes, and can only use the default "white" to balance the tones of other colors under colored light on different occasions. If the digital photo has a color cast, it is because the white balance is not adjusted correctly. There are many modes of white balance, which are suitable for shooting different scenes, such as automatic white balance, tungsten wire white balance, fluorescent white balance, indoor white balance and manual white balance.

Automatic white balance is usually the default setting for digital cameras. When the light is close to normal, this automatic white balance has high accuracy. It can be used for outdoor shooting, but the shooting effect is poor under colored light. In addition, it can't correct diffuse light in the atmosphere. On cloudy days, many automatic white balance systems are not effective, which may lead to blue photos.

The white balance of tungsten lamp is the white balance under the light of bulb (incandescent lamp), which is easy to understand; The balance of fluorescent white is the most difficult to deal with, because there are many kinds of fluorescent lamps (such as cold white and warm white), which need to be decided by shooting. Indoor white balance is also called cloudy to cloudy white balance, which is suitable for adjusting the light in the dark to the primary color state. Manual white balance is set to sample white (such as white paper) according to the shooting scene. In theory, manual white balance is the most accurate unless the white used for sampling is not white enough.

In some cases, color cast is also a very strange effect. I don't believe you can try the daylight effect when shooting at night, but it's also very nice. Of course, it is better for beginners to step by step, but you don't have to worry too much about white balance. In most cases, PS color balance can be used to correct the color cast.

Six, side light shooting skills

Side light refers to the light coming from the side of the photographed object, which can make the surface of the photographed object show some shadows due to unevenness, so that the light receiving surface and the light and dark surface of the object have obvious performance, which can not only outline the outline of the photographed object, but also reflect the three-dimensional sense. This kind of light is the most expressive, so side light is the most commonly used light when taking pictures. However, when using it, we should pay attention to the proportion of light-receiving surface and dark surface in the picture modeling. Usually, the angle of oblique light is the best. When the direction of light forms an angle of about 45 degrees with the plane of the scene, the light of this angle makes the ratio of the light receiving surface to the dark surface of the object roughly equal, which is more in line with people's visual habits in daily life.

Side light will cast shadows on objects, which will enhance the three-dimensional sense.

Seven, backlight shooting skills

Backlight refers to the light that shines from the back of the subject. Backlight photography is easy to make the subject become a silhouette, so it is relatively difficult to grasp the exposure. Backlight photography is often not recommended for beginners. But the artistic effect of backlight is also unique-backlight can set a moving silhouette light edge on the outer edge of the subject (if it is sunlight, it is Phnom Penh). If handled properly, it can create a unique aesthetic feeling and shoot artistic light and shadow.

It should be noted that when taking photos with backlight, the light ratio between foreground and background is too large, which often leads to overexposure or underexposure of background. In order to reduce the light ratio, you must pay attention to fill the foreground with light, you can use a reflector or a flash-if you see someone using a flash when shooting against the light, you should pay full respect to him, because he is an expert and he is narrowing the light ratio between the foreground and the background.

Backlit portraits will illuminate the figure outline, but attention should be paid to the front fill light to avoid underexposure.

Eight, photo composition skills

A good photo, in addition to making good use of light, the structure of the frame is also very important. And this frame is the composition of the photo. In fact, the composition of photographic photos does not need to be too limited to a certain frame, mainly to play their own imagination. But for some inexperienced novices, it is still difficult to achieve this right away, so I will introduce some basic rules of photo composition to you now. However, it should be noted that the rules are not always fixed. Although there are some key points that should be followed in photographic composition, this is only to avoid some typical disadvantages.

1. Several composition methods

Composition is mainly divided into the following ways:

(1) well-shaped composition

This composition assumes that the length and width of the picture are divided into three equal parts, and the intersection points are connected in a "well" shape with straight lines. The main body is not in the center of the picture, but at the intersection of the vertical line and the horizontal line that make up the tic-tac-toe game. The whole picture is solemn and informal, and the main image is particularly eye-catching

(2) regular triangle composition

Triangle has always been a stable form in composition. The application of regular triangle composition not only gives people a strong and calm feeling in the picture, but also has a good contrast effect in expressiveness. Regular triangle composition can be said to be one of the most suitable forms for pictures that need to express a certain atmosphere.

(3) the composition of the inverted triangle

Contrary to the stationarity of regular triangle composition, inverted triangle composition has dynamic vitality. Give people a bright and dynamic feeling. However, it should be noted that in composition, we need to pay attention to some different changes or contrasts on the left and right sides, so as to break the absolute balance between the two sides and make the picture more vivid.

(4) oblique triangle composition

Oblique triangle is a composition method between regular triangle and inverted triangle, and its expressive force is also between regular triangle and inverted triangle, which can make the contrast between main body and auxiliary background more vivid and belongs to a common composition method.

(5) Vertical composition

Vertical composition is mainly used to shoot mountains, buildings, waterfalls and other scenery. Its whole picture is mainly composed of vertical lines, which can make the subject look lofty and imposing.

(6) Diagonal composition

Diagonal composition can express the dynamic sense of object movement and make the picture dynamic. The degree of its movement is related to the angle. The greater the angle, the stronger its forward movement, but the angle cannot be greater than 45 degrees, otherwise it will have the feeling of downward inclination.

(7) Horizontal composition

Using this composition can often give people a feeling of calm and comfort. When it is used to represent natural scenery, it can make the scenery look vast. The scenery in the horizontal composition photo appears quiet and steady, highlighting a sense of calm.

(8) Bending and patterning

Compared with other composition methods, curve composition has the most beautiful lines and the strongest appeal. Bending composition can render the subject and make it more beautiful and moving.

(9) Progressive composition

Progressive composition is mainly used in scenes such as roads, and it shows stronger visual effects by using gradual and excessive methods. Progressive composition is often guided by winding paths, which produces good visual effects.

2. Writing skills

After reading so many composition methods, we still have to adopt different compositions according to different environments to achieve the best results. And when using different composition methods, you also need to use skills. Next, I'll introduce you to the techniques often used in composition.

(1) horizon and trigonometry technology

Horizon and trisection are often used in combination with well-shaped composition. In landscape photos, try to put the horizon on one of the two horizontal lines in the well-shaped composition, so as to create a harmonious composition. Also be careful not to put the horizon in the middle of the picture, because it will split the picture in two. If the sky is particularly charming, give it most pictures. If not, move the horizon to the top to avoid the dreary sky taking up more pictures.

(2) the subject's position skills

How to place the position of the subject is also an important skill in shooting. Try to move the subject to one side of the picture with an interesting background, and the composition will be greatly improved. Using the background, such as standing or leaning against an interesting object, can highlight the subject more.

(3) background and prospect selection skills

Although the subject is very important, the background and foreground must be taken into account when shooting, so that the subject and background objects can be coordinated. If the background is complex, you can adjust the aperture to reduce the depth of field to blur the background or change the shooting angle to change the background. Also pay attention to avoid tall objects behind the subject, such as trees and lampposts.

(4) boundary selection skills

When shooting, we can also use foreground objects to frame the subject, such as branches, arches, beautifully decorated railings, court doors, etc., which can make the subject more prominent. In this shooting technique, it should be noted that the depth of field should be reduced as much as possible to make the subject stand out and attract more attention.

(5) Look at pictures skills

Photos, like articles, first need an introduction to attract readers, and in shooting, we can take advantage of this for a long time and slowly lead readers' eyes to the subject at the top of the picture in a winding way. This is a very clever skill of reading pictures and composing pictures. In addition, the diagonal money on the screen will also guide the reader's line of sight, and a winding coastline or a river flowing through a canyon will become a guide.

(6) Special pattern structure skills

If you pay attention to observation, you will find some special patterns and structures everywhere. By using the pattern structure in everyday objects, you can create interesting photos. This needs to be observed in life.

(7) Complement skills

For some kinds of photography, a very useful composition method is to fill the picture with the subject, remove the background that will distract attention, and directly highlight the subject. This technology is usually used for product display. In addition, if you want to shoot a still life, there is no need to show other objects in the picture. You can get close to the subject and let the wave subject fill the whole picture.

Nine, photography composition novice introduction

When a well-trained photographer sees the scenery in the viewfinder, he will quickly turn them into basic composition elements such as points, lines and surfaces to organize them and find the best relationship between them. This is composition. Let's look at a few examples first:

The small bamboo raft in the picture is not more important than other scenery, but without it, this photo will be eclipsed a lot because it is the center of the structure.

The dividing line between the sea and the beach and the point formed by the girl's back are all near the golden section. Suppose the proportion of the sea and the beach is equal, the girl walks in the middle, and the composition is very dull.

If the model's eyes are in the middle or right of the picture, it will shorten the staring space of the characters.

1. prioritize and highlight the main body.

Of course, it goes without saying that people are the main body and the beautiful background is also a foil. However, some people tend to look at the characters very small in photography (the main reason is that people run to the front of the scene and stay away from the camera, which is a common problem of most people's photography), but the scene is very large and there is no distinction between the foreground and the background, which means that the photo loses its structural center. For landscape films that are less prone to "subject", if the picture structure is not loose, we should choose an object as the fulcrum of the structure, such as a small bridge and a pavilion as the center of the structure, so that we can contact and take care of the scenery before and after. The "subject" in the scenery film is not necessarily more important than other scenery in content, but its role in the structural center is very obvious.

2. Simple background, subtraction composition

Complex background will interfere with the subject and even damage an excellent photo. The background should be handled concisely. Both painting and photography need composition, but the means of expression are different. The difference is that painting is composed by addition and photography is composed by subtraction. That is to say, painting composition always adds some scenery to the picture, and photography composition always tries every means to subtract those unnecessary scenery and the unnecessary scenery in the background, which hinders the main body from protruding, so as to achieve the simplicity and exquisiteness of the picture. Greed is the source of failure, and simplification is the mother of success.

3. TIC-tac-toe structure and golden section

If the picture is divided into "nine squares", then the four intersections in the middle are the best places to arrange the main body. The positions of these four points are close to the golden section point 1:0.6 18, so it is easy to obtain better visual effects. Because people look at objects with their eyes, the middle position is the weakest visual area, so most photographers will not use middle composition when dealing with lines such as horizon and sea level, and focus will generally avoid the middle position.

Besides the four points, there are two important "lines"-diagonal lines. There are many visual feelings, such as convergence and radiation, which are related to the diagonal hidden in the picture, so composition along the diagonal is also a very important composition method.

A truly professional booth or studio will use a plain background to highlight the main body and avoid the "growth" of branches, telephone poles and other sundries from the characters. Outdoor photography also follows the principle of "plain and clean" background.

4. Leave blank to enhance the sense of movement

To make the subject eye-catching and have visual impact, it is necessary to leave a certain gap around, which can be said to be a law of all plastic arts. The general rule of blank space is: the portrait on the side should leave some blank space facing the direction; For moving objects (such as people or cars), leave more white space in front of the direction of travel. Of course, this is just a general rule, so we should use the blank flexibly. If pedestrians emphasize the turban or dress fluttering behind and the smoke rising behind Mercedes-Benz cars, more space can be left behind than in front, because the center of gravity has changed. If the person who resists the edge of the picture is looking back, the blank behind will have meaning and the picture will not be embarrassed.