What is the translation of the full text of "Guan Bao Zhijia"?

Full text translation of "The Friendship of Guan Bao":

Guan Zhong, named Yiwu, was a native of Yingshang. When he was young, he often dated Bao Shuya. Bao Shuya knew that he was wise and talented. Guan Zhong's family was poor and he often took advantage of Uncle Bao, but Uncle Bao always treated him well and had no complaints because of these things. Soon, Uncle Bao served the young master Xiaobai of Qi State, and Guan Zhong served the young master Jiu. After Xiaobai came to the throne and was established as Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Huan asked the state of Lu to kill Prince Jiu and Guan Zhong was imprisoned. So Uncle Bao recommended Guan Zhong to Duke Huan of Qi. After Guan Zhong was appointed, he was in power in Qi State. Duke Huan relied on Guan Zhong to dominate, and as the overlord, he joined the princes many times to bring the world into unity. This was all Guan Zhong's wisdom.

Guan Zhong said: "When I was poor, I used to do business with Uncle Bao. When we shared the profits, I always wanted more. Uncle Bao did not think that I was greedy for money, but he knew that my family was poor. I once planned things for Uncle Bao, which only made him more difficult and embarrassed. Uncle Bao didn't think I was stupid. He knew that sometimes things went well and sometimes things didn't go well. I had been an official many times and was expelled by the king. He doesn't think I'm incompetent, he knows I haven't had a good time. I've fought and escaped many times. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm a coward. He knows I have an old mother to support. Master Jiu failed and Zhao Hu died for her. I was imprisoned and suffered humiliation. Uncle Bao did not think that I had any shame. He knew that I was not ashamed of small mistakes, but I was ashamed of not being famous in the world. It was my parents who gave birth to me. It was Uncle Bao who really understood me. "After Uncle Bao recommended Guan Zhong, he was willing to put himself under Guan Zhong. His descendants have enjoyed salaries in Qi for generations, and more than a dozen generations have received fiefs, most of whom are famous officials. Therefore, people in the world did not praise Guan Zhong's talents, but praised Uncle Bao for his ability to recognize talents.

After Guan Zhong came to power in the Qi State and became the Prime Minister, he relied on the geographical conditions of the small Qi State to be close to the sea, circulate goods, accumulate wealth, enrich the country and strengthen the army, and share the same likes and dislikes with ordinary people. Therefore, he said in his work: "If the granary is full, you will know etiquette; if you are well-fed and clothed, you will know honor and disgrace; if the king has a certain system for enjoying it, the relatives will be closely attached to it; if the ethics of etiquette, righteousness, integrity, and shame are not widely promoted, the country will not It will perish. Promulgating government decrees is like the source of flowing water. It must be in line with the people's will. "So his decrees are simple and easy to implement. What the general public desires will be given according to the situation; what the general public does not agree with will be followed and eliminated."

Guan Zhong was in charge of political affairs and was good at turning misfortune into blessing and failure into success. Pay great attention to the priorities of things and carefully weigh the pros and cons. Duke Huan was really angry with his younger wife Cai Ji, so he went south to attack the state of Cai. Guan Zhong took the opportunity to attack the state of Chu and condemned Baomao for not paying tribute to the Zhou royal family. Duke Huan was actually marching north to conquer Shanrong, but Guan Zhong took the opportunity to let Yan implement Duke Zhao's good governance. During the alliance meeting between Qi and Lu in the land of Ke, Duke Huan planned to break the treaty signed with Cao Mo to return the land to Lu, but Guan Zhong insisted on returning it, which made Lu trust Qi and all the princes in the world also surrendered to Qi. Therefore, it is said that "knowing how to give in order to gain something is a magic weapon for governing political affairs."

Guan Zhong's wealth can be compared with that of the princes and royal families. He has three returns and rebellions. The people of Qi do not think that it is because of this. He is extravagant. After Guan Zhong's death, the state of Qi followed his political and religious policies and often dominated the princes. More than a hundred years later, another Yanzi appeared.

Original text:

Guan Zhong Yiwu is a native of Yingshang. When I was young, I often traveled with Uncle Bao, and Uncle Bao knew him as a wise man. Guan Zhong was poor and often bullied Uncle Bao. Uncle Bao eventually met him and ignored him. Now Uncle Bao is in charge of Qi Gongzi Xiaobai, and Guan Zhong is in charge of Gongzi Jiu. When Xiaobai was appointed as Duke Huan, the young master was killed and Guan Zhong was imprisoned. Uncle Bao then entered Guan Zhong. After Guan Zhong was appointed, he took charge of Qi. Duke Huan of Qi used hegemony to unite the nine princes and rule the world, which was Guan Zhong's plan.

Guan Zhong said: "When I was first in poverty, I tried to share the wealth with Uncle Bao and make a lot of profits. Uncle Bao didn't think I was greedy and knew that I was poor. I tried to work for Uncle Bao and became even poorer. , Uncle Bao does not think that I am a fool, knowing that the times are favorable and disadvantageous. He thinks that I am timid, knowing that I have an old mother. When the young master is defeated and summoned to death, I am imprisoned and humiliated. Uncle Bao does not think of me as shameless, because he knows that I am not ashamed of trivial matters, and I am ashamed of the person who gave birth to me. Parents, Bao Zi is the one who knows me. "As soon as Uncle Bao entered Guan Zhong, he gave birth to him. His descendants were well-off in Qi, and they were granted fiefdoms for more than ten generations, often becoming famous officials. There are not many virtuous people like Guan Zhong in the world, but there are many like Uncle Bao who knows people well.

After Guan Zhong took office and was in charge of the government, he stayed on the seashore with only a few districts. He accumulated wealth with currency, enriched the country and strengthened the army, and shared his likes and dislikes with the customs. Therefore, it is said: "If the warehouse is solid, you will know the etiquette; if you have enough food and clothing, you will know the honor and disgrace; and if you are obedient, the six relatives will be solid. If the four dimensions are not open, the country will be destroyed. Orders are like the source of flowing water, and orders will obey the hearts of the people." Therefore, it is said that it is humble but easy to do. . If the common people want it, go with it; if the common people don't want it, go with it.

In politics, good can turn misfortunes into blessings, and turn failures into merits. Weigh the importance carefully. Duke Huan was really angry with Shaoji and attacked Cai in the south. Guan Zhong therefore attacked Chu and blamed Baomao for not paying tribute to the Zhou Dynasty. Duke Huan actually marched north to conquer Shan Rong, and Guan Zhong therefore ordered Yan to repair the government of Duke Zhao. At the meeting at Ke, Duke Huan wanted to break Cao Mo's promise, but Guan Zhong believed in it, and all the princes returned to the throne. Therefore, it is said: "Knowing how to take it is the treasure of government."

Guan Zhongfu planned to live in the public office, and had three returns and rebellions, which the people of Qi did not think was extravagant. After Guan Zhong died, Qi State followed his administration and was always stronger than the princes. More than a hundred years later, there was Yan Ziyan.

Notes:

1. Guan Zhong: named Yiwu, a statesman in the early Spring and Autumn Period.

Recommended by Bao Shuya, he was appointed as a minister by Duke Huan of Qi and was honored as "Father Zhong". He once assisted Duke Huan in achieving hegemony. Yingshang: The shore of Yingshui. The source of Yingshui River appears in Dengfeng County, Henan Province, and flows into the Huai River in Shouxian County, Anhui Province.

2. Bao Shuya: Doctor of the State of Qi. Travel: make friends, travel.

3. Bullying: means taking advantage.

4. Bao Shuya takes care of Qi Gongzi Xiaobai: Bao Shuya goes to Ju State to serve Qi Gongzi Xiaobai. Young Master Xiaobai is the younger brother of Duke Xiang of Qi, that is, Duke Huan of Qi. Guan Zhong served Gongzi Jiu: Guan Zhong and Zhaohu left the country of Lu to serve Gongzi Jiu. Young Master Jiu is the younger brother of Duke Xiang of Qi.

5. Two sentences of "Young Master Jiu died": The state of Lu was afraid of Qi and killed Young Master Jiu, and Guan Zhong asked for imprisonment. See "Zuo Zhuan Zhuang Gong Ninth Year".

6. Advance: Recommend.

7. Jiuhe princes: The princes of various countries have been called to make alliances many times. Yi Kuang Tian Xia: Make the world right. At that time, the princes ignored the Emperor of Zhou and attacked each other. Guan Zhong assisted Duke Huan of Qi and stopped the chaos for a time. Kuang, upright.

8. Go: run away.

9. Generations of descendants: descendants enjoy salaries from generation to generation.

10. Duo: praise, praise.

11. If the person in power obeys and obeys, the relationship between the six relatives will be stable. To serve, to serve, to use. Degree, system. Six relatives: father, mother, elder brother, younger brother, wife and son.

12. The fourth dimension: refers to propriety, justice, integrity and shame.

13. Two sentences of "giving orders": It means that issuing political orders should be like the source of running water, flowing down the river to make the government orders conform to the people's wishes.

14. On being humble but easy to implement: Government orders are in line with the situation and are easy for people to implement.

15. Severity: Distinguish the importance of things. Firstly, "Guanzi·Qinghe" discusses in detail the theory of regulating commodity and currency circulation and controlling prices. Qinghe refers to the economy. Trade-off: Weigh the pros and cons of something.

16. Two sentences of "Dong Huan is really angry": Shaoji is the wife of Duke Huan, Cai Ji. She once teased Duke Huan by boating. Duke Huan changed his face in fear and refused to listen. So he became angry and sent her back to Cai, but she did not Cut off ties. However, the Cai people remarried Cai Ji, so Duke Huan sent troops to attack Cai. The matter can be found in "Zuo Zhuan·The Third Year of Duke Xi".

17. To compare: to compare. Three Returns: There are different opinions. This refers to charging a large amount of market rent from the people.

18. Diàn: When the princes of the Zhou Dynasty held banquets, there were earthen platforms on both sides of the main hall where empty wine glasses were placed, called diàn. After the princes toasted each other, they placed the wine glasses on the diàn upside down.

19. Yan Ping Zhongying: Yan Ying, also known as Pingzhong, was a senior official of Qi State in the Spring and Autumn Period.

20. Lai: The name of an ancient country, located in the southeast of Huang County, Shandong Province.

21. Yiwei: Today’s Gaomi County, Shandong Province.

22. Obey: follow orders.

23. The third generation: the three generations of Qi Linggong, Zhuanggong and Jinggong.

24. Yue Shifu: a wise man of Qi State.

25. Prison (léi xiè): the rope that binds prisoners. By extension, imprisonment.

26. Tu: Pass the "road". 骖: In ancient times, it refers to the horses driving on both sides of the car.

27. 戄(jué) ran: a look of awe. Photo: Organized. Xie: Admit your mistake and apologize.

28. Feeling: Being moved and awakening. 夤, through "enlightenment".

29. Yan: hire.

30. Two sentences of "Ambition": The ambition and thoughts are far-reaching, and they often appear to be inferior to others. Go down, give in, respect others and bend yourself.

31. Inhibition: humility.

32. "Herders", "High Mountains", "Riding Horses", "Light and Heavy", and "Nine Houses": are all the titles of "Guanzi".

33. "Yan Zi Chun Qiu": The old title of Spring and Autumn Period was written by Yan Ying. In fact, it was written by later generations relying on and incorporating Yan Zi's words and deeds.

34. Confucius despised him: Confucius despised him. "The Analects of Confucius·Bayi": "The Master said: 'Guan Zhong's instrument is so small!'"

35. Three sentences of "will follow its beauty": It means to follow the trend to help him accomplish his good deeds and correct his mistakes, so , the king and his ministers can be intimate. The words are quoted from "The Classic of Filial Piety·Serving the King".

36. Seeing justice but not doing it is lack of courage: Seeing a just thing and not doing it is a lack of courage. "The Analects of Confucius·Wei Zheng": "If you don't do what is right, you have no courage."

37. Holding a whip: driving a carriage for others, which means serving others, and by extension, admiration and following.

38. Xinmu: joyful admiration. Xin, the same as "Xin".

Appreciation:

The writing style of the article "The Biography of Guan Yan" is rather strange. It does not comprehensively and systematically write about the life and political achievements of the two people, but selects one or two of them. To write an anecdote, even these small stories, the author also tried his best to summarize when narrating, but the lyrical conversation was fully displayed. These things written by Sima Qian are by no means trivial. They precisely express his ideals of social life and have the meaning of becoming "a family".

The first paragraph introduces Guan Zhong’s origin. It focuses on his appointment as Prime Minister of Duke Huan of Qi due to Bao Shuya's recommendation, which serves as a starting point for Guan Zhong's detailed discussion of his relationship with Bao Shu later in the article. As for Guan Zhong's brilliant career as Prime Minister, it is written as "when he was appointed to the government of Qi, Duke Huan of Qi Hegemony, nine combined princes, one can control the world, Guan Zhong's plan is also a few words that are judgmental and highly general. The clues are concentrated and the writing power is extremely strong.

The second paragraph focuses on the characteristics of this article. Through Guan Zhong's words, try to express the typical feelings of knowing and meeting in life between him and Uncle Bao.

"Sharing wealth" takes more instead of "greed", "seeking things" for people and falling into "poverty" instead of "foolishness", "three official" being expelled instead of "unworthy", retreating from battle instead of "cowardly" and being imprisoned and surrendered It is a matter of the new master rather than being "shameless". Uncle Bao can forgive and understand Guan Zhong's series of actions that are not easy to be forgiven and understood by others. His trust in Guan Zhong is not shaken at all. He sees things clearly and knows people deeply. , there is really nothing more to ask for, nothing more to add. In a class society, people are full of calculations of interests and changing moods. The article describes Uncle Bao's treatment of Guan Zhong, which can really make people who lacked assistance and need friendship in the old days feel moved to tears after reading it. Uncle Bao's knowledge of people can make ordinary people so moved. Guan Zhongzhi shouted, "My parents are the ones who gave birth to me, and Uncle Bao is the one who knows me." It is true that he is sincere and not excessive at all. It is equally thrilling and exciting. . This lyrical conversation in the article is written in an overlapping and coherent manner using parallelism. It is sad, swaying, and full of emotion. It is contrary to the vigorous and refined summary of the previous paragraph, which makes the rhythm of the article change and intertwine. Uncle Bao's virtuousness can be seen through Guan Zhong's career; Guan Zhong's evil can be eliminated through Uncle Bao's wisdom. The purpose of Sima Qian's saving of pen and ink in the narration of the article and letting go of Guan Zhong's lyrical words is certainly to include Uncle Bao in the biography of Guan Yan. The descendants of Guan Zhong and his descendants, and a sentence that suppresses Guan Zhong and promotes Bao, inverting the usual status of historical figures: "There are not many virtuous Guan Zhongs in the world, but Uncle Bao can know people."

In the third paragraph, the style of writing changes again, with discussion leading to narrative, which is close to what people today call "argument leading to history." It uses the author's comments and Guan Zhong's own words to provide a supplementary account of the reasons for the success of Guan Zhong's career. The main purpose is not to commend Guan Zhong as a person, but to provide historical experience with universal significance for people to learn from. Paying attention to providing meaningful political, economic and other aspects of experience and lessons in historical biographies is one of the great ideological values ??of "Historical Records". Sima Qian had Confucianism and was good at absorbing the reasonable elements of Taoism that value nature and conform to the people's will. In "The Biography of Huo Shi", he once developed the very insightful idea of ??"taking advantage of the situation" to develop the economy; in this paragraph, he also focuses on summarizing Guan Zhongxiangqi's "orders are like the source of flowing water, making people obedient" and "good causes" The successful political experience of turning misfortunes into blessings and turning failures into merits. After writing Guan Zhong's deeds, this paragraph brings out the sentence "More than a hundred years later, there was Yan Ziyan", which shows the similar relationship between the two and serves as a continuation of the later introduction of Yan Ying's deeds, which is also a common method in "Historical Records".

The fourth paragraph begins to write about Yan Ying, and also summarizes his life in extremely concise words. The paragraph focuses on revealing Yan Ying's two behaviors of "frugal practice" and "dangerous words and deeds". Due to the emphasis, the description is simple but the characteristics of Yan Ying's character are very clear.

The fifth paragraph does not avoid trivial details, but chooses two vivid examples to describe Yan Ying's understanding and humility. Among them, the sentence "The ambition is deep" is borrowed from the words of Yan Ying's driver's wife, which expresses the important qualities of Yan Ying as a minister and thinker, which is extremely profound. The dialogue between Yue Shi's father and Yan Ying, and the contrast between the driver and Yan Ying, are vivid and dramatic. The good selection and tailoring of historical events itself is the reason why this historical writing is so craftsmanship; the vividness of the description is why this literary value is high. Often one thing can be both good and good at the same time, so it is appropriate that there are more records in "Historical Records" than others.

The last paragraph is a commentary and praise, and it often uses rhetorical questions to create excitement, which is also what "Historical Records" is good at. "If Yan Zi is here, even if I hold the whip for him, I will admire him very much." Yi Jie used a tone of inferiority, preparing to express his overwhelming feelings for Yan Ying, and implicating himself. It was an unexpected stroke of genius. However, inherent in humor is the infinite sadness of experiencing the bitterness of the world and longing to know the wise. Only by understanding Sima Qian's person and experience can we understand the serious thought and emotional weight of this sentence. ?

The article vividly depicts anecdotes that can show the characteristics of the characters' thoughts and actions, highlighting the words and deeds of Guan Bao's friendship, Bao Shu's humility, Yan Zi's redeeming Yue Shifu and recommending the charioteer. These descriptions vividly and vividly describe historical figures with different personalities. Compared with most biographies in "Historical Records", which focus on major life events and supplement life anecdotes, they can be said to have the same purpose.

Due to the clear context, lyrical expression, unique narrative, combination of summary and analysis, and blending of narrative and discussion, the article vividly depicts the characters, emphasizes the importance of identifying talents and promoting talents, and embodies the author's ignorance of the world. Feeling.

Creative background:

Taishi was tortured by castration and could not atone for his sins, and his friends had no rescue, so writing this biography has a profound meaning. If Bao Shuya, who knew Guan Zhong at that time, knew about it, someone could Encourage you to rescue the siege. If Yan Zi, who knows Yue Shifu, knows about it, he can also help him to redeem himself. Bao Shuya understands people and admires him so much that he refuses to express his emotions.

About the author:

Sima Qian (145 BC or 135 BC - cannot be verified), with the courtesy name Zichang, was born in Longmen (Xiayang of the Western Han Dynasty, now Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province, also said Today's Hejin City, Shanxi Province), historian, writer, and thinker of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Tan's son was appointed as Taishi Ling and was honored as Shi Qian, Taishi Gong and the Father of History by later generations. He created China's first biographical general history, "Shiji" (originally known as "Tai Shi Gong Shu"), based on his historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between heaven and man, understanding the changes of ancient and modern times, and forming a family story". Recognized as a model of Chinese history books, this book records a history of more than 3,000 years from the legendary Huangdi period to the first year of Yuanshou, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and is the first of the "Twenty-Four Histories".