How to use interview skills to get familiar with the interviewee as soon as possible

Interview is a way to collect and collect media information. Interview is an indispensable part of news activities, and it is the observation, investigation, interview, recording, photography, recording and video recording carried out by reporters to complete the reporting task or understand some situations. There has always been a saying that "seven points for interview and three points for writing". This requires journalists to have certain interview skills.

Interview skills are the interview methods used by journalists to obtain real information and know the truth during the interview. News is a science, and news is also an art. If you master the interview skills, you can be handy in the interview, collect valuable news materials and create good new works, which requires reporters to pay attention to the interview skills before, during and after the interview.

First, the preparation before the interview should be sufficient. Preparation before the interview is an indispensable part of the interview and one of the interview skills. The preparation before the interview includes usual preparation, temporary preparation and detailed preparation. (1) Usually, the preparation includes social, cultural, economic, historical, environmental and other knowledge reserves. It can be said that kung fu is outside class, which is a higher requirement for journalists' news quality. (2) Temporary preparation refers to searching for information about the background, current situation and reasons of the interviewee through the Internet and other media, and preliminarily judging the value of this information. On this basis, the theme is brewed and the interview outline is drawn up. (3) the details of preparation, including cameras, tripods, tape recorders and other equipment and the details before the interview, are foolproof and prepared.

Second, pay full attention to creating an interview atmosphere, adopt appropriate questioning skills, be good at observing and listening, use body language reasonably, record accurately, be diligent in thinking and pay attention to details.

1. Creating an Atmosphere Journalists often have to face different interview environments. Most of the interviewees are new contacts, which is far from familiarity and trust. This requires reporters to skillfully and intelligently eliminate the strangeness of the interviewee as soon as possible, so that the interviewee can be familiar with themselves, trust themselves and create a relaxed and harmonious interview atmosphere.

2. Appropriate questioning skills Questioning is a way of language communication between journalists and interviewees, and questioning skills are the key to a smooth dialogue. When you ask questions, you should first cut into the interview topic skillfully, which is a key step to successfully interview valuable news materials. In the interview, we should flexibly use questioning methods, such as direct questioning method, heuristic questioning method, inspiring questioning method, guided questioning method, and verified questioning method. Through the proper use of different questioning methods, we can communicate well with the interviewees and strive to create a relaxed and pleasant interview atmosphere and environment in order to achieve the ideal interview effect.

3. Be good at observing and listening. When interviewing, reporters should be good at observing with their own eyes. The eyes are the windows of the soul and the tools of communication. Smart eyes can talk, and smart reporters should be good at interviewing with their eyes. Journalists can only write accurate, vivid and vivid news works by learning to observe, being good at observing, constantly discovering more news things and using appropriate thinking methods to explore the deeper news value contained in facts. Similarly, you should be a good listener, so as to gain the trust of the interviewee in a short time, let the other person relax and get a satisfactory interview result.

4. It is necessary for journalists to actively adjust and improve the interview environment by using silent language reasonably during the interview. The use of body language, a silent language, can eliminate the tension and resistance of the interviewee, and at the same time, it can also reflect the respect of the interviewee. Silent language interview, in addition to eye contact, there are also body language interviews. Body language is also a good way to ask questions at some time. Such as nodding, smiling and so on. Body language interview plays a secondary role in regular interview, but it may leap to the main position in unconventional interview. Proper use of body language will have a subtle influence on the interviewee.

5. Accurately recording records is an indispensable part of the interview work, which mainly includes three ways: taking notes, memorizing and recording.

Notes, that is, reporters use pens or computers to record the real materials they saw, heard or felt during the interview. You should take notes selectively on the interview content and take appropriate notes at the same time, which can not only ensure the speed and quality of notes, but also ensure that the atmosphere of the conversation will not be affected.

Rote memorization means that reporters keep in mind the real materials they saw, heard or felt during the interview. Mainly applicable to the following situations: the facts encountered pass by instantly; Limited conditions make it inconvenient to take notes; In a secret interview.

Recording, that is, recording an interview with a tape recorder or recorder. The use of audio recording can better ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the recording, and the recorded materials can be used as evidence, which is also convenient for journalists to have enough time to listen and think.

No matter which recording method is adopted, we should pay attention to the following aspects: ① Accuracy and truthfulness. Especially the "five elements", that is, time, place, people, events, cause and effect; (2) Clear views; (3) Have true feelings;

6. When thinking about the interview, the reporter should be good at thinking, fully associate, deeply analyze and go straight to the point. For every interview, we should think about what the topic is, from which angle, what genre to report and so on. Only through a full and fruitful thinking process can we produce truly valuable news works.

7. Paying attention to details is the key to turning a dialogue into a story. A story without details lacks authenticity, which makes it very false. Journalists must be fully aware of the importance of details. You can use other people's details to enrich your own details, not plagiarism, but to supplement the details and facts.

Third, after the interview, the post-interview work mainly includes theme determination, recording and writing. Among them, the determination of the theme is the most important. Journalists should have strong generalization ability and refining ability, be good at extracting topics from complicated interview content, find the most suitable one from several topics. Determining the theme is the key to the success of the interview draft.