The shade of the grass is better than the flowers —— Appreciation of early summer poems (1)

-Appreciation of Ancient Poems in Early Summer (1)

Wang chuanxue

Early summer, also known as Xia Meng and the first summer, enters May (April of the lunar calendar) and enters early summer. After the prosperity and glory of spring, nature enters early summer from late spring and gradually enters a season of growth and maturity. The change of time sequence has brought new changes to people's production, life, culture, environment and other aspects. In the process of adapting to these changes, the ancients produced different psychological feelings and aesthetic needs, and created a large number of poems about early summer. "People are poor and afraid of being old and ashamed, and summer is not as good as spring poetry." This poem by Fang Hui, a poet in the Song Dynasty (early summer), shows the beauty of early summer, easily arouses the poet's poetry and leaves a wealth of poems. In ancient poems, we can see many excellent works about early summer.

As early as the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong and Li Shimin were full of praise for the scenery in early summer:

Spring and summer change, birds and flowers are fragrant overnight.

Yin and Yang leaves are deep and shallow, and light smoke is heavy in the morning and evening.

The warbler is still ringing in the temple, and the horizontal silk is in the sky.

Pei Gaolan's shadow is connected with fine grass.

The green scales are on the side, in front of the xuanyan dance eaves.

Why Fenyang, only after the mountain spring.

The poem describes the early summer scenery that changes with the seasons, such as the replacement of flowers and birds, the deepening of green leaves, the aggravation of light smoke, the ringing of warblers in the palace, the fish jumping by the boat and the swallow dancing under the eaves, which shows the charming and unique charm of early summer.

Look at three early summer songs by Liu Yuxi, a poet in Tang Dynasty;

The season is too busy, and there are thousands of Yin Yin.

The bird in the nest is desperate, but the fruit in the garden falls obliquely.

Lonely, flying butterflies, looking for late flowers.

The flowering season has passed, and thousands of families are shaded by trees. From the nest came the cry of mother bird teaching young birds to play, and the fruit in the orchard grew up gradually, making the branches tilt. Lively flying butterflies feel lonely and look for late flowering trees everywhere. The poet grasped the characteristics of trees growing, birds raising young children, orchards growing and solitary flowers blooming in early summer, and wrote the unique scenery full of vitality in rural areas in early summer.

April by Li He, a poet in Tang Dynasty, shows the beauty of early summer;

It's cool at dawn and cool at dusk,

Qian Shan is full of Lv Yun.

According to the fragrance of rain and the green atmosphere,

Tired of leaves and flowers, the door is curved.

Golden soup and idle water shake the blue clothes,

The old scenery is heavy and flying is fearless.

The red calyx is dark and uneven in color.

Li He wrote a group of poems and sang them for twelve months, with seven sentences in each group. This poem about April is a poem about cherishing spring. "There are many flowers in the world in April", and some flowers that bloom late have not completely withered at this time. Through the description of the scenery in late spring and early summer, the poet showed the unique charm of the scenery in early summer.

In his vision, the poet described the beautiful green in early summer: Xia Yun has risen, "Qian Shan's thick green is beyond the clouds", the clouds are sometimes ethereal, and the green layers are layered and dazzling. At this time, the clouds are fragrant and the rain is sprinkled, and the curved door reflects the leaves. The clear water in the pond is rippling, the reflection in the water is calm, and the red calyx falls on the water from time to time. The unique scene of green leaves and flowers in early summer was written. The "showers" in the poem are well used. Poets in the Song and Early Tang Dynasties used Xiang Yu: "Before Jiang Mingchao fell, Lin Xiaori hung at the beginning. Baoye makes fragrant rain, and Jinsha spits fine springs. " (Youxin Temple) And the atmosphere is cloudy and misty. "Xiang Yu" has a "green smell", which connects the "rain" in spring with the "flower fragrance" and makes the rain fragrant. In the drizzle, it seems that the earth is full of flowers everywhere.

Early Summer on the Pool by Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is quite interesting in life:

Spring pools accumulate water late, and summer trees abound.

The boat is like a wild crossing, and the fence falls like a river village.

? Touch the piano mattress quietly and open the door of the wine cellar.

? Get a little grandson if you have nothing to do.

One night in late spring and early summer, it had just rained. The water in the pond was deep and leaves had grown on the branches overhead. In the distance, a few boats are scattered like unorganized families, and the fence next to the village is evacuated, which seems to be just a xiaohe village. When I was free, I stroked the piano bed quietly, and suddenly remembered to open the wine cellar and take a bottle of good wine to taste alone. There is nothing to do all day, only Doby's little grandson who is not sensible from time to time.

The title of the early summer drama written by Xu Yin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, is full of vitality:

Long-term cultivation fumigation wind blows at dawn,

The lotus flowers are blooming and the roses are falling.

The caterpillar also learns from Zhuang Zhoumeng.

Become a butterfly and fly in the South Garden.

In the poem, a warm south wind blows in the morning, which makes people feel comfortable. The lotus leaves in the pond grow up gradually, and the wild roses in the yard fall with the wind. The green bugs on the leaves have turned into cocoons and pupae, and will soon turn into butterflies flying around. This poet symbolizes the vitality of everything in early summer.

Xia Meng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, described the early summer beauty of Jiangnan water town;

Meng Xia in the south of the Yangtze River grows bamboo shoots.

Qi is a castle and frog is an orchestra.

The meaning of the poem is: in the early summer in the south of the Yangtze River, bamboo forests are flourishing, and the bamboo shoots of mother and son bamboo grow sturdily according to the arrangement. Fish jump in the lake, and the blowing of big mussels can become castles and virtual scenes, which are fascinating; At night, frogs' cries are linked together, as sweet as orchestral music. In the poem, the frogs in the south of the Yangtze River in the early summer season are compared to orchestral music, which haunts the ears and makes people think deeply.

The poet Wang Anshi's "Early Summer is Things" praises the green grass in early summer;

There is a bend in the stone bridge hut.

The splash of running water is two vicious.

Warm winds on sunny days make wheat gas,

When the green grass wins flowers.

The first sentence "The hut in Liang Shi has a bend" describes the scenery on the shore. "Liang Shi" is this stone bridge. "Bend" refers to the winding waterfront. The poet combined the three images of "Liang Shi", "hut" and "bend" into a picture: on a winding river bank, there is a stone bridge beside the bridge, and there are several huts under the bridge. This picture is very simple and empty. There are no birds, no flowers, no bright colors and no human activities. The poet intends to leave the reader room for imagination.

"The splash of running water is two vicious degrees", the poet's observation turned from the shore to the running water, and he wrote the momentum of running water from near to far. "Glug", the appearance of fast-flowing water. "vicious" refers to the hillside. I saw the stream splashing towards the two slopes in front. This sentence shows the situation that a rising tide lifts all boats in late spring and early summer, and the water is rushing.

"Warm wind makes wheat smell on a sunny day", the poet turned his eyes from the stream to the field and wrote about its scenery. "Wheat breath" refers to the smell of grass when the sun shines on wheat seedlings. "Sunny warm wind" makes people feel warm, and "angry wheat" reminds people of the momentum of wheat seedlings jointing in the sun.

At the end of the sentence, in "When green grass wins flowers", the poet further looked at what he saw in the distance and his mood at that time. The first three sentences are objective descriptions, feelings are in the scenery, and this sentence is to express subjective feelings. "Green shade and quiet grass" is the characteristic of spring flowers falling behind the early summer scenery. "When flowers bloom" is the poet's unique feeling: the green grass in early summer is more beautiful and pleasant than when flowers bloom in spring. The poet is emotional and cheerful, and his language is extremely simple.

It is a common theme in China's classical poems to cherish spring resentment and return to spring. However, the poet sang "When the grass is greener than the flowers", praising the summer and reflecting his unique aesthetic taste.

Qin Guan, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote an occasional title about the dark day in March, praising the deep and lovely trees in early summer.

The festival stage makes everyone new,

Infatuated children keep spring.

Why does she hate wheatgrass when she is away?

Xia Muyin, charming.

"March is a dark day", that is, the last day of March in late spring. After this day, it means that the season has entered summer. The sadness of spring is self-evident to people with keen feelings. But this poem, however, does the opposite and writes new ideas. "Promoting economy" is a natural law, which is beyond human power. Because metabolism is the law of iron's natural operation. And those "spoony children" want to "keep spring" and don't want to let it go. In this way, people's frustration when spring is about to pass away is vividly written. For the last two sentences of the poem, I turned out new ideas and made full preparations.

The last two sentences are shocking, such as the sudden peak, which makes people wake up. What is there to miss when spring is gone? "Summer Wood" of "Yin Yin" is also "cute"! The poet's optimism, boldness and open-mindedness are vividly on the paper. This poem is full of philosophy and contains "sense of interest": the poet expounds that the change of seasons and scenery is a natural truth, and thinks that spring is beautiful, and the spoony children who "stay in spring" don't have to regret the passing of spring, and the shade of summer is pleasant enough.

Poets in the Southern Song Dynasty once wrote "Three Roads in the Road", which showed the pleasure of enjoying the scenery in the mountains:

The days of plum yellow are getting brighter and brighter.

The stream dries up, but it swims in the mountains.

The shade does not reduce the road,

Add oriole four or five times.

When plums are yellow, it is sunny every day. Take a boat along the stream, reach the end of the stream, and then take the mountain road to continue. The lush trees on the mountain road are as dense as when they came, and several chirps of orioles came from the depths of the dense forest, which added more fun than when they came.

Fan Chengda, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, described the early summer scenery with distinctive features:

Early in the morning, Guo Geng took the stage.

I can't see Yuchun until I come back.

Mulberry leaves show that silkworms are old,

Cauliflower is still coming.

The poet went out of town early in the morning and boarded the high platform. Looking around, it was a scene of summer, but he couldn't see the scene of late spring, so he came back. I saw that the mulberry branches were covered with leaves, the spring silkworms were about to cocoon, the cauliflower had withered = scattered fruit pods, and butterflies were still flying among the residual flowers. The poet grasped the characteristics of the early summer scenery and wrote it carefully and vividly.

It's very lively to look at Xiaochi written by Yang Wanli, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, and to write Xiaochi in early summer:

Spring is silent, cherish the trickle,

The shade of trees shines on the water, loving sunshine and tenderness.

Xiao He just showed his sharp corners,

Dragonflies have long stood on it.

This poem is small and exquisite, just like an ink painting of flowers, birds, insects and fish in early summer. The pond, spring, stream, lotus and dragonfly in the picture are all small, but they are exquisite and full of vitality. The first sentence, closely related to the topic, is the source of a small pool, a trickle of spring water. The spring water flows out of the hole quietly, of course, it is very small; The flowing spring forms a trickle, smaller. This is a common thing, but the poet added a word "pity" out of thin air, saying that Yan Quan seemed to cherish this trickle and didn't want to flow any more. So this poem immediately flew and became affectionate, interesting and full of humanity. In the second sentence, write the shade in the soft sunshine and cover the water. This is also a very common thing, but the poet added the word "love", which seems to cover the pond with her shade to prevent the water from evaporating and drying up, thus turning ruthlessness into sentience. Moreover, the poem takes the form of shadow, focusing on the soft branches on the water, which is very ethereal. In three or four sentences, narrow the focus and write about a small lotus flower in the pool with a dragonfly on it. Xiao-he just put her budding tender tip out of the water, showing great vitality; But in this sharp and tender corner, there is a little dragonfly standing on it. I seem to get there first and enjoy the spring scenery. Xiao He and Dragonfly, a "talent show" and an "early riser", look at everything around them with novel eyes and capture fleeting scenery.

Poets are excited by things, and use agile and dexterous methods to describe specific scenes full of interest, and write extremely ordinary things in nature as a whole, which is harmonious, lively, natural, vivid, humorous and popular. But writing this poem into a painting has rich layers: the sun, trees, Xiao He and Xiao Chi. The picture is colorful: bright sunshine, dark green shade, green lotus, fresh dragonfly and clear spring water. The picture is full of motion: flying dragonflies, shadowy pool water, full of poetry and painting.

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