The Construction History of Jie Fangbei

The fort is a square turret-style wooden structure, which was painted black to prevent Japanese bombing. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, Chongqing decided to build a monument to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War on the site of the original spiritual fortress to commemorate the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. 1946, 10, 3 1 foundation laying, 12 commencement, 1947 completion. The Monument to Jigong's Victory in the Anti-Japanese War was inscribed by Zhao Xi, one of the five old and seven wise men in Shu, the first poet in the late Qing Dynasty and a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.

1949165438+1October 30th, Chongqing was liberated. 65438+February 1, Jie Fangbei, China People's Liberation Army entered the city. 65438+ February 65438+ February, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping joined forces in Chongqing. Soon after, representatives from all walks of life in Chongqing proposed to build the "Chongqing People's Liberation Monument". At that time, the Southwest Military and Political Committee decided to rebuild the monument to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Liu Bocheng, Chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Committee, wrote an inscription, renaming the Monument to the Victory of the Anti-Japanese War as the Monument to the People's Liberation (Jie Fangbei for short).

Jie Fangbei has a very important position in the history of Chongqing. Many important historical events, interesting anecdotes and some myths and legends took place there. For example, Jie Fangbei Confucius Temple (where Chongqing World Trade Center was built) was originally a Confucian Temple in Chongqing, which is the most representative Confucian Temple building in Chongqing and the largest Confucian Temple in Chongqing. It was built in the Song and Shaoxing years. Until War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's time, this place was the center of cultural activities in Chongqing, and then the Fuziqi Art Exhibition Hall in Chongqing was formed.

In 1980s, it was renamed Chongqing Art Museum, and its curator was Zhu Xuanxian. It is the earliest and only art museum in Chongqing. At that time, there were frequent artistic activities here, and almost all important art exhibitions were held here, which became the center of Chongqing's cultural and artistic activities and foreign cultural exchanges, influencing and driving a large number of artists and people. As a result, it became a well-known and popular saying in Chongqing's folk life: "Go to the Confucius Temple to see the exhibition", which became an indispensable and important cultural activity in the lives of Chongqing people and foreigners at that time.

There is a legend in Jie Fangbei that a fisherman met eight beggars on a bridge, namely Han Zhongli, Zhang, Han Xiangzi, Cao Guojiu, Lan Caihe and He Xiangu Eight Immortals. So, there are Jie Fangbei and Huixian Bridge. At the beginning of last century, people filled the pond, demolished the bridge, and later built Huixian Building, a landmark building in Chongqing.

Guotai Theater was built in 1937, and the adjacent Fuziqi Exhibition Hall is called the cultural holy land in the rear area of the Anti-Japanese War. On February 8th, 1937, Guotai Theater was unveiled. Movies are shown during the day and plays are performed at night. Cathay Pacific's neon lights attracted hundreds of people to watch the excitement. Wan, the old manager of Guotai Cinema, said that there were 1500 iron armchairs and six frosted chandeliers on the ceiling. Four exhaust fans were installed in the high walls on both sides, which cost 6.5438+0.4 million silver dollars. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, China's four famous dramas, Xiuwenshu, Baiyang, Zhang Ruifang and Qinyi, became famous here. Guo Moruo, Xia Yan, Cao Yu and Bai Yang all signed autographs for the theater. In the same year, stars such as Bai Yang and Wu Yin from Shanghai staged the battle of Lugou Bridge in Shenyang and the night at Guotai Theatre, and the audience who bought tickets filled half the street. According to old people's memories, during the Chongqing bombing, the performance of Guotai Theatre was immediately closed as soon as the alarm sounded. After the air raid, the actors and audience returned to the theater, and the wartime performances were never interrupted for a long time. 1954, Peace Cinema was rebuilt in the original site of Guotai Theatre; During the Cultural Revolution, it was renamed Dongfanghong Cinema. 1993 was renamed Guotai Cinema, which was demolished in 2007.

On May 1950 and 1 day, the Southwest Department Store was established on the basis of "Baoyuanyu" of Jie Fangbei Baoyuantong Department Store Chongqing Branch, which marked the establishment of Chongqing Department Store, making Chongbai the first state-owned department store in our city, and Baoyuantong the first national capital commercial enterprise in China. Chongqing Department Store, once called March 8th Store, is the largest department store in Chongqing. At that time, foreign tourists must go to Jie Fangbei in Chongqing and Chongqing Department Store in Jie Fangbei. Chongqing Friendship Store in Jie Fangbei is the largest foreign store in Chongqing that only serves foreigners, diplomats and government officials, and only accepts foreign exchange certificates as currency. Commodities include daily necessities, even uncensored western newspapers and periodicals, so once the guards stop China people from entering the shops.

The People's Liberation Army Cinema used to show films of some military systems. Many movies that are not officially released are often released first. Therefore, the theater has an irreplaceable position in the eyes of Chongqing ticket lovers. It has been demolished.

There is also the former site of the Kuomintang Youth Club. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Youth Hall was renamed Experimental Theater. In the "Xinxin Cafe" in Jiefangbei, Song Meiling's goddaughter Miss Kong Er angrily beat the police chief Xu Zhongqi. There is Yi People's Lane Street in the north of Jiefang, which is called Yi People's Lane and half of Chongqing's modern history. There is the largest sugar and liquor retail store in Chongqing: Hongqi Candy Store. There is the first color photographic printing center in southwest China that can complete color photographic printing. There is the largest farmer's market in Chongqing: Dayanggou vegetable market. There is the largest book city in Chongqing: Chongqing Xinhua Bookstore. There is a charming snack street called "delicious street" and so on. Chongqing and Jiefang North are the centers of cultural and commercial activities.

Formerly known as Jigong

After the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the National Government moved its capital to Chongqing. In order to mobilize the people to resist Japan and save the country, a monumental building was built in Du You Street Square, Central District of Chongqing on June 5438+094 1, which symbolizes the spirit of resolute anti-Japanese war. The "fortress" is a square turret-type wooden structure with five floors and a height of 70 feet and 7 feet (symbolizing the July 7th Anti-Japanese War). It was painted black to prevent Japanese bombing.

The building was first built 1940 March 12, and completed 194 1 February 3 1. At first, it was a wooden structure, square, with stairs running, with a height of 70 feet (about 26 meters), and the spiral stairs reached the top. "Seven feet seven feet" symbolizes "July 7th Anti-Japanese War". After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the National Government set up a "Monument to the Victory of the Anti-Japanese War" on the original site of the Spiritual Fortress to record the bloody battle between the military and civilians throughout the country. Foundation stone is laid on June 365438+1October 365438+1October 365438+1October 365438+August 365438, reinforced concrete structure. This building is what we see today.

It is said that under the monument, there are weapons and ammunition seized by Japanese aggressors; There is a letter from American President Roosevelt to the people of Chongqing in the monument, and the names of thousands of fallen soldiers are engraved on the inside of the monument.

On June 365438+1October 365438+1October 65438+1October 65438+February 65438, the foundation was laid, and it was completed on August 1947. They are all reinforced concrete, very strong. The monument is 27.5 meters high, with reinforced concrete structure and octagonal column helmet top.

The origin of the name

1949165438+1On October 30th, the People's Liberation Army occupied Chongqing. 65438+February 1, Jie Fangbei, China People's Liberation Army entered the city. 65438+ February 65438+ February, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping joined forces in Chongqing. Soon after, representatives from all walks of life in Chongqing proposed to build the "Chongqing People's Liberation Monument". Therefore, the Southwest Military and Political Committee decided to rebuild the Monument to the Victory of the Anti-Japanese War. Liu Bocheng wrote an inscription and renamed it the Monument to the People's Liberation (Jie Fangbei for short).

1949, the monument of Jigong, which won the Anti-Japanese War, was changed to the monument of People's Liberation, and it was changed from commemorating the victory of China people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression to commemorating the liberation of Chongqing.