[Compressing paragraphs] Methods and skills of compressing paragraphs

Compressing a paragraph is to condense a long paragraph with rich content into a phrase with concise language and clear meaning as required. Mainly to examine our ability to refine, generalize, compress and express language. The common problems of paragraph compression mainly include "extracting keywords", "extracting key points", "defining", "summarizing the main content in one sentence" and "news compression" (analyzed in later chapters).

Skills refer to Tianjin.

To solve the problem of compressing paragraphs, we need to start with the following steps:

1. Read the meaning of the topic and make clear the requirements of the topic. The purpose of identifying topic requirements is to judge the type of topic, and then "prescribe the right medicine". In addition, we should pay attention to some obvious topic requirements such as rhetoric and word count.

2. Distinguish paragraphs and clarify the core points. Different expressions of language segments have different information characteristics, and their compression techniques are often different. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of paragraphs: explanation, discussion, description and narration. According to the paragraphs with different expressions, the cut-in angle and the focus of reading are different.

3. Summarize the main points and determine the subject object. The key to compressing a paragraph is to find out the theme or object expressed by the paragraph, which requires summarizing the content points according to the direction required by the theme and determining the core theme and main object of the paragraph. Then find "why" and "how" according to the topic or object. This basically grasps the core information of the paragraph.

4. Divide levels and eliminate secondary information. A paragraph contains a lot of information, around the theme or object, we will extract some different information. At this time, it is necessary to divide the levels according to the content of the paragraph, summarize the information points at all levels, sort out the relationship between the information, and finally combine the requirements of the topic to retain the necessary information and eliminate the secondary information.

Classic examination questions

1. Extract keywords

Please extract three key words that reflect the main information from the introduction of the following paper. (Tianjin College Entrance Examination Volume)

This paper makes a panoramic pursuit of the evolution of "scholar" in the pre-Qin period, which is of great significance in the process of China civilization and helps people to form a complete and clear impression of the origin and early evolution of "scholar".

Keywords: _ _ _ _ _ _ _; _________; _________ 。

Analysis: firstly, the object of introduction is "scholar", that is, "what"; Look at "how", that is, "evolution"; The restrictive condition is "pre-Qin period". The answer is not difficult to get, the key is to find the right person.

Reference answer: scholar; Pre-Qin; Evolution.

Extract key points

Where does the conclusion of the following passage come from? Please summarize briefly, no more than 15 words. (Jiangsu College Entrance Examination Volume)

China's mainland waters are located on the vast continental shelf, and the seabed topography is gentle. The offshore water depth is mostly within 200 meters, which is relatively shallow. Geologically, only Yingkou-Tancheng-Lujiang fault runs through the Bohai Sea, and there are few large fault layers and fault zones in other coastal areas, and there are few island arcs and trenches. Experts consulted relevant information and found that there were only 10 earthquakes and tsunamis in China in the past two thousand years. Therefore, even if there is a strong earthquake in Chinese mainland sea area, it will not generally cause large-scale vertical fluctuation of the seabed crust, and the possibility of earthquake and tsunami is small.

Analysis: In order to extract the main points, we must find out the main information from the internal level of the paragraph. First of all, make clear the generalized area-"Chinese mainland Sea Area" ... 10 Earthquake and Tsunami, and then divide it into grades according to the assigned scores, that is, state the area from what aspects, and then choose the most accurate summary words or phrases to answer. "Chinese mainland sea area is located on the vast continental shelf, and the seabed topography is gentle. The offshore water depth is mostly within 200 meters, which is relatively shallow. ‖ From the geological structure, only Yingkou-Tancheng-Lujiang fault runs through Bohai Sea, and there are few large fault layers and fault zones, island arcs and trenches in other coastal areas. Experts found that in the past two thousand years, there were only 10 earthquakes and tsunamis in China. Therefore, even if a strong earthquake occurs in the waters of Chinese mainland, it will generally not cause large-scale vertical fluctuations in the seabed crust, and the possibility of earthquakes and tsunamis is small. "

Examples of answers: ① topography; ② Water depth; ③ structure; 4 history.

definition

Select the necessary information from the following materials to define "psychological consultation". (Fujian College Entrance Examination Volume)

① Psychological consultation is an activity to help, inspire and educate visitors.

(2) This kind of activity must use psychological theories, knowledge and methods to properly handle various psychological problems.

(3) This kind of activity achieves the purpose of consultation through speech, writing or other information media.

Analysis: A clearly defined method: "Defined concept = species difference+adjacent genus concept". First, find out the concept of adjacent genus as "activity", establish ① as the main sentence, and then extract ② and ③ for sorting and merging, and you can get the answer.

For example, psychological counseling is an activity that helps, inspires and educates visitors by using psychological theories, knowledge and methods through words, discourses or other information media.

4. Summarize the main contents

Read the following material and answer the questions. (Fujian College Entrance Examination Volume)

A translator wrote in the Literary and Art Daily that some people say that China calls his country "China", which means the kingdom of China in the center of the world, which shows that China people are proud. However, from the Chinese translation of country names, the translated names can express the feelings of China people. For example, why not translate "Britain" into "Yin State"? "America" doesn't translate into "chaotic country"? Why doesn't "Germany" translate into "evil country"? This is because China people want to choose the most meaningful words from homophones to name these countries. What word should I use? With heroic English, beautiful beauty, moral virtue, law, fragrance, auspiciousness and auspiciousness ... while foreign countries, such as Britain, translate the names of other countries in English, only transliteration and translation.

Please summarize the translator's point of view in one sentence.

A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Analysis: To summarize the main content, we must first find out the object of generalization, that is, what is the core of the paragraph content, that is, "the translation of other countries' names", and then find out the viewpoint "how", that is, "Chinese translation can express feelings better than foreign language translation". When answering questions, we should emphasize the emotional color advantage of Chinese translation. In addition, this problem needs to be summarized in one sentence. Pay attention to the integrity of sentence structure when compressing, and don't write sentences into phrases.

For example, Chinese can express goodwill in the translation of other countries' names, but foreign languages cannot.

Of course, there are still many types of paragraph compression questions, but "everything is like this." As long as we follow the specific steps and problem-solving skills of paragraph compression one by one, distinguish the levels of paragraphs and extract the required information as required, we can easily extract the main information.

Show only a small part of talent

1. Please extract four keywords that reflect the characteristics of "advertising effect" from the following materials.

The so-called advertising effect refers to the effect of advertising works spread through advertising media. From the essence of advertising, it is a process of input and output, and the ultimate goal is to promote and expand the sales of its products and realize the profit and development of enterprises. However, it is a complicated process in itself, involving many specific links, and its effectiveness can only be ensured if all links coordinate with each other.

2. Choose the necessary information from the following materials to define "Martians". (within 80 words)

Mars language can be interpreted as mars language. With the popularity of the Internet, young netizens began to use homophones, homophones and special symbols to express their voices. Because this kind of writing is obviously different from the writing used in daily life and its grammar is quite strange, it is also called Martian writing, which means the writing that people on earth can't understand. The word "Martian" first appeared in the society of Taiwan Province Province, and then became popular in Chinese mainland, Hongkong and overseas Chinese communities, becoming a common language on the Chinese network and gradually infiltrating into the real society.

3. Read the following materials about "Kunqu Opera" in Suzhou and summarize the singing characteristics of "Kunqu Opera".

As early as the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Kunqu Opera was produced in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, which was one of the four major tunes in Ming Dynasty. It is an ancient China opera with vocal cavity, formerly known as "Kunshan cavity" or "Kunqu opera" for short. It has been called "Kunqu Opera" since the Qing Dynasty, and it is also called "Kunqu Opera" now. The accompaniment instruments of Kunqu Opera are mainly Sheng, Xiao, Suona, Sanxian and Pipa. The performance of Kunqu Opera also has its own unique system and style. Its greatest characteristics are strong lyricism, delicate movements and ingenious and harmonious combination of song and dance. Kunqu opera has beautiful lines and melodies, and is good at lingering, soft and distant. In singing skills, pay attention to the control of voice, the ups and downs of rhythm and speed, and pay attention to articulation and pronunciation.

4. Summarize the author's main points in the material with the sentence pattern of "although ..."

Netizens who like online shopping believe that using the Internet to complete shopping not only saves time, but also saves you the trouble of traveling by boat, and also has the opportunity to buy goods that are hard to find in the local market.

People who don't want to use online shopping say that the biggest worry is that the quality of goods is difficult to guarantee. The source of this concern comes from the lack of virtual and commercial reputation of the network. Secondly, the traditional concept of consumer culture also makes most people more willing to go shopping in shopping malls. At the same time, for consumers who have a desire to shop, it is also a big obstacle to experience the goods in advance.

However, although online shopping has advantages and disadvantages. However, as long as consumers can carefully distinguish the authenticity of online shopping items, grasp the discretion of shopping, and participate in the online shopping process correctly and reasonably, then most problems can be effectively avoided.