Registration of Dezhou Photography Skills Competition

A few days ago, the state issued a series of preferential policies to encourage college students to start businesses. However, the reporter's investigation found that the road of college students' entrepreneurship is extremely difficult, except for their own conditions, mainly due to the lack of an orderly entrepreneurial environment. Entrepreneurship of college students has become a "cold" choice in the current "hot" employment. The success of a few people and the failure of most people show that college students still have a long way to go to start their own businesses-Zhao, a 23-year-old boy, was only a college student when his name first appeared in major media, and now he is the general manager of theme restaurants in the 1980s. On June 26th, 2004, the School of Applied Arts and Sciences of Beijing Union University held an open tender for the management right of campus restaurants. Zhao, a graduating student of this school, and seven of his classmates took part in the bidding. In the competition with two other self-employed individuals from outside the school, Zhao finally won the right to operate the restaurant with the advantage of cultural concept. His entrepreneurial behavior, among the 2.8 million college graduates who walked out of school with him at that time, became a highlight of college students' entrepreneurship.

Trial operation began on September 20th last year, and the restaurant officially opened on October 26th, 65438/kloc-0. Zhao said, "If you want to use an adjective to describe this journey, you should use hardship. It would be extremely difficult to add another adjective before this adjective. "

Choice means taking responsibility.

Regarding the choice of starting your own business, Zhao believes that direct employment is passive, basically obeying people. Many things you do may not be your original ideas, but starting a business will directly express your thoughts, because no one will control your thoughts at that time, so you can seize the best opportunity to express yourself.

It is understood that Zhao, who graduated from journalism and communication department, once found a job with a monthly salary of 6,000 yuan in an advertising company with excellent advertising creativity, but he chose to run his own restaurant.

Kevin Z, a teacher in the Department of Journalism and Communication at the College of Applied Arts and Sciences of Beijing Union University, told the reporter: "That restaurant used to be a roast duck restaurant, which was contracted by outsiders. Later, I didn't want to do it. Students in our school often go there to eat and have great affection for restaurants. I hope to continue to do it. Knowing the news, Zhao stood up. He is usually more economical, willing to try some business, and particularly interested in courses in public relations and advertising. "

Tang is the deputy dean of the College of Applied Arts and Sciences of Beijing Union University. He participated in the bidding for restaurants in the 1980s. He pointed out that entrepreneurship and employment are not at the same level. Although it belongs to employment, it goes deeper than employment. Entrepreneurship actually assumes a kind of social responsibility, and it is necessary to explore how to solve the problem of self-development while solving employment.

"Solving the problem of college students' self-employment will inevitably go through a difficult stage, and we are also working hard. There are also various discussions in society. Some insiders believe that campus restaurants should find experienced people to do it. From a long-term point of view, some students may consider starting a business two or three years after they take up their jobs, and some students may want to start a business as soon as they graduate. Although the proportion of these people is not large, it is the normal demand of social development after all. Supporting a few people to dare to "eat crabs" and assume social responsibilities, no matter what the final result is, is a once-in-a-lifetime experience for students, just have the courage to face it. Therefore, as long as the basic conditions are met, providing opportunities to support students' entrepreneurship is also the embodiment of the school's educational function. " Tang told reporters.

Preferential policies are hard to embody.

"Running all kinds of procedures is the most troublesome. All departments know the preferential policies of some countries for college students' entrepreneurship, but because there is no specific implementation plan to refer to, they are basically handled according to formal procedures. " Kevin Z said with emotion, "The hardest thing is to go to the Health Bureau to apply for a health permit. It must undergo a rigorous review. After the renovation, please ask someone from the Health Bureau to have a look. If it fails, do it again. It took about two months to get it done. Coupled with industry and commerce, taxation and other aspects, it took more than three months to basically complete these procedures. "

In an interview with a certain media, Zhao said helplessly, like our own major is wrong, we don't understand a lot of things, and there may be many mistakes. At first, we thought that the process of obtaining the certificate would be more complicated, but I didn't expect it to be so complicated when it was actually handled, and it would take quite a long time. In the process of handling various licenses, until today, we have not felt that one of them is aimed at college students.

The state has introduced preferential policies for college students to start businesses, but in reality, Zhao inadvertently revealed a trace of complaint in front of the mirror, but he immediately firmly stated that he had learned to face the reality calmly.

The reporter learned from some channels that the government did put forward some support policies to support college students' entrepreneurship, but some policies were difficult to operate, and some changed in the implementation process, especially in the key issues related to college students' entrepreneurship, such as business areas, financing channels, tax incentives, etc., entrepreneurial college students did not enjoy real support.

According to relevant media surveys, more than 90% of enterprises founded by college students started with private loans, and 65.3% of entrepreneurs think it is difficult to obtain loans from banks in the case of a shortage of venture capital. Some institutions have set up micro-credit for laid-off workers, with simple procedures and low threshold, but there are basically no institutions that provide micro-credit for college students' entrepreneurship.

A student of Beihang University, who graduated from Peking University in 200 1, started a company. He told reporters that the national policy will definitely promote college students' entrepreneurship, but the content of providing small loans and guarantees for students' entrepreneurial companies is of little significance, because banks are unwilling to lend to companies with small scale, high risks and weak repayment ability.

Need to strengthen systematic entrepreneurship education

Many college students said in the survey that the most difficult thing to start a business is not money, but lack of knowledge, skills and information. They hope that the school can systematically offer some entrepreneurship courses, so that college students can actively participate in various social practices, obtain market information and expand their social circle while learning professional knowledge and skills.

It is necessary to carry out entrepreneurship education in schools. Entrepreneurship training only sows the seeds of entrepreneurship in students' hearts. If students can receive this kind of education on campus and guide college students to start their own businesses as a way of future employment, it will be more beneficial for college students to start their own businesses as soon as possible.

In the survey, the reporter found that some university teachers believe that graduates generally start businesses because they can't find jobs. The person in charge of the employment guidance center of a key university said: "The demand for graduates in our school is in short supply, so there is no need to start a business. The attitude of the school towards entrepreneurship is neither encouraging nor opposing. Please guide appropriately. " It is understood that both Tsinghua and Peking University have lectures and activities related to self-employment, but there are no courses on self-employment.

Tang said that we should set up courses for college students' entrepreneurship in some mature schools, teach them to be familiar with the procedures for obtaining entrepreneurial qualifications and the channels for raising funds, understand the experience and principles of entrepreneurship, and prevent illegal operations. This is a very good way of education, which closely combines higher education with regional economic and social development. After studying, students will gradually have a basic understanding of these problems, which will encourage some students who are risk-conscious and willing to take on heavy responsibilities to contact these aspects earlier and guide them to take fewer detours, otherwise some unnecessary setbacks will stifle students' enthusiasm.

It seems that colleges and universities should attach importance to entrepreneurship education as well as employment guidance. In addition to holding staged and local entrepreneurship competitions, entrepreneurship education should also be introduced as much as possible. Only a few students cultivate awareness and practice, it is difficult for college students to start their own businesses on a large scale and form a climate, and sometimes they lack scientific guidance. In India, colleges and universities attach great importance to cultivating students' awareness of self-employment and entrepreneurship. The educational content covers all aspects of enterprises, such as product design technology, quality management, sales, fund raising, interpersonal relationships, business regulations and relevant government laws and regulations. These practices are worth learning from, so as to systematically train most students to have the basic knowledge and skills of starting their own businesses.

Eager for the attention of the whole society

College student entrepreneurs are eager to get the support and help of the whole society when they move forward with passion and dreams. At present, the social environment also makes it difficult for college students to start their own businesses. Compared with the mature market environment in Europe and America, entrepreneurs in China have a heavier burden. The society is in a transitional period, and the services needed for starting a business are not perfect. It is unrealistic for a young man in his twenties to think about the problems faced by entrepreneurs in his forties. The cruelty of shopping malls will not forgive your mistakes just because you are young.

Kevin Z, a teacher who is familiar with Zhao, said that Zhao's family went into battle with relatives and friends and helped a lot. After the media report, many enthusiastic people in the society provided help, including some restaurant owners, and asked Zhao to introduce some very useful experiences to his restaurant. Of course, there are also some scammers who come to the door and propose some fake ways of cooperation, which are basically seen through.

Zhao is lucky. It is reported that during the two-month renovation of the restaurant, the College of Applied Arts and Sciences will be exempted from utilities and rent until it officially opens. College leaders are also very concerned. If you need to order food for some university activities at noon, you should go to Zhao's restaurant to make a reservation. As for teachers and students, they often go to pay tribute; Moreover, Zhao is from Beijing, so there is no hukou problem. A person in charge of the talent market told reporters that there are no relevant policies and specific measures to solve the problems of foreign university graduates studying in Beijing, such as starting a business, household registration and files. At present, there is no department or institution that provides consulting and services for college students' entrepreneurs.

"College students' self-employment has its own characteristics, with a relatively high level of cultural knowledge and technical content, but the weakness is also obvious, that is, their understanding of society is far from enough, and they will directly participate in the fierce and cruel market competition when they leave the relatively pure campus. "Kevin Z thinks there should be a transition period. In this transitional period, with the support of the whole society, the state ensures the smooth transition of college students to a social person, which is conducive to the formation of healthy competition in the social market and the emergence of high-level talents.

When the reporter came to the theme restaurant of "1980s" again on June 5438+1October 5, 2005, the door was locked, and a sign stood there alone, which said, "With the coming of winter vacation, our restaurant will have a holiday with the College of Arts and Sciences, enter a holiday break, and resume business when spring blossoms. I wish all teachers, classmates, new and old friends a happy holiday and good health. "

Kevin Z told reporters that because the restaurant's positioning is mainly for students and teachers of the College of Applied Arts and Sciences, plus nearby residents, now the students are on holiday, so the restaurant also takes this opportunity to take a break and summarize the business situation some time ago. The kitchen, purchase channels and business philosophy will be adjusted, and there should be a new look when it reopens.

It seems that the worst days are slowly passing. No matter how many difficulties and pressures there are, this group of post-80s college students will stick to this road because it is their choice.

As Tang said, what we expect is to enhance college students' entrepreneurial thinking, improve the entrepreneurial environment and effectively implement government policies through such a practical entrepreneurial activity.

Linking the comparison of Chinese and American college students' entrepreneurship

Business plan, also known as "business plan", is the product of the rise of high-tech and venture capital. Business plan competition has a long history in American universities. Since the first 1983 Business Plan Competition was held at the University of Texas at Austin, more than 20 universities in the United States, including MIT, Stanford University and other world-class universities, have held this competition every year.

Yahoo, Excite, Netscape and other companies were born in the entrepreneurial atmosphere of Stanford campus. MIT's "$50,000 Business Plan Competition" has a history of 10 years, and its influence is very great. From 1990 to now, five or six new enterprises have been born every year, and quite a few "plans" have been bought by high-tech enterprises nearby at a price of more than one million dollars. Some of these enterprises directly hatched by the "business plan" have grown into large companies with annual turnover of billions of dollars in just a few years. Groups of entrepreneurs have been trained and grown up in the competition. Venture capitalists flock to university campuses in search of future technology leaders. In a sense, the business plan competition in colleges and universities has become one of the direct driving forces of the American economy in the era of knowledge economy.

From the comparison of Chinese and American college students' entrepreneurship, you may have some inspiration. As a college student, there is no solid material foundation and limited funds. They only invest in intangible assets such as patents, professional technology or high-tech achievements. Most entrepreneurs are transformed from technicians to managers, which is the common feature of college students' entrepreneurship in both countries. The social environment for starting a business is also very similar. Both countries support encouraging college students to participate in social practice and start their own businesses from government to society, universities and media.

The difference between college students' entrepreneurship in the two countries lies in the different starting time of entrepreneurship. The upsurge of college students' entrepreneurship originated from the American College Students' Entrepreneurship Plan Competition, starting from 1983, as mentioned above. According to statistics, 46% of the top 50 high-tech companies in the United States come from the MIT business plan competition. In China,1May 1998, Tsinghua University held the first college students' business plan competition. In terms of support, the China government has issued policies, and the society and schools have also provided some help for students to start their own businesses, such as management consulting and business training. The relevant departments in the United States only create an atmosphere and environment, and the student company has completely accepted the test of the market since its establishment. There are also great differences between the two countries in absorbing venture capital. The United States is the most developed country in venture capital in the world, with mature capital market, sufficient venture capital funds, developed information service industry and complete consulting service institutions. Therefore, most American college students' entrepreneurial plans are feasible, with good market prospects, easy access to venture capital and rapid company development. At present, China's capital market is backward, venture capital is in its infancy, and the secondary market is still brewing, so it is quite difficult to raise funds. Due to the lack of funds and time, many excellent business plans are difficult to implement. (Dawn) Comments on the lack of training in entrepreneurial choice Judging from the current entrepreneurial project selection of college students, the technical content is low, which does not reflect the technical advantages of college students. Those student bosses are mostly engaged in catering, clothing, photography and other industries. In fact, the entrepreneurial industry they chose is just a piece of cake separated from mature markets, and has not created new social wealth. Colleges and universities should strengthen the training of college students' entrepreneurial choice. (Shao Ming Road, Chairman of Beijing Guanghua Management Research Center) The subjective conditions of institutionalization of entrepreneurship education and self-employment require individuals to have high quality. In reality, college graduates are relatively lacking in entrepreneurial knowledge, practical entrepreneurial experience, due psychological quality, strong innovation ability and necessary financial foundation. Therefore, colleges and universities should attach great importance to the education and training of college students' self-employment, and make it standardized and institutionalized in the curriculum. (Shen Jie, Associate Research Fellow, Institute of Sociology, China Academy of Social Sciences) Entrepreneurship is a good thing. Parents should support. I think starting a business is definitely a good thing. It can exercise a person to the maximum extent and contribute to growth. But the key point is that parents must support and help. Some parents are vain and willing to let their children do relatively stable jobs. It is simply unacceptable for their children to start a business. They think this is incompetent, worthless and unacceptable to the unit. This idea will definitely stifle students' initiative. Compared with undergraduates, it is more practical for graduate students to choose entrepreneurship. First of all, graduate students don't have much curriculum pressure and have the energy to start a business; Secondly, some graduate students have certain work experience and social experience, and their mentality is relatively mature; Finally, in the postgraduate stage, the tutor can make suggestions to provide some convenience for students. (Yan Lu, Director of the Student Employment Guidance Service Center of Beihang University) Starting a business after employment is more formal. The knowledge just graduated from college is limited to the classroom, and the social experience is lacking. In this case, it is conceivable that entrepreneurship encounters more difficulties than others. After graduation, it is best to work as an intern in a large enterprise for a few years, accumulate the first bucket of gold, and also learn the knowledge of management and finance of large companies, so as to lay the foundation for your own entrepreneurship, so that the chances of success in entrepreneurship are high. The state should also earnestly implement various preferential policies for college students' entrepreneurship, which will help encourage students to start businesses and broaden employment channels. (Ge, Director of the Employment Guidance Center of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications) Self-employment is conducive to growth and self-employment. As a boss, you should run your own business with your heart. You should make a detailed plan for every detail of the whole process and consider many aspects. I very much agree with and encourage myself to start my own business. As long as he (she) has a little confidence in himself, he (she) will choose if he (she) likes. Self-employment should make a person grow faster, in which setbacks and successes are future capital; The life of self-employment should be more substantial, with clearer goals and more sense of existence. Liu graduated from Beijing Normal University and now works in a magazine. ) Entrepreneurship needs a transition period, and I want to start my own business. But later, for various reasons, I always felt that it was not so easy and inexperienced to start a business just after graduation. I know there are some preferential policies, but I don't know what they are. College students' self-employment is a kind of exercise, and science and engineering students have relative advantages, especially in learning technology, but there should be a transitional stage. (Mr. Zhao graduated from Northeastern University and now works in a bank) It is very important to accumulate experience. I know that some students in the school start their own businesses through clubs or other forms, such as helping people save computers, acting as agents for cosmetics and wholesale fruits. , but most of them are small in scale and have limited risks. It is not a bad thing that they accumulate experience in this way and start their own businesses after graduation. But after all, the big market is different from the small society of the school. From personal knowledge to experience, a lot of preparation is needed. I admire the courage and boldness of entrepreneurial students. I think it is feasible to work in the company for a period of time, understand the whole operation process, have your own customer base or network and go out alone. Miss Meng graduated from Peking University and now works in a public institution. ) Entrepreneurship is something that society should advocate. I feel that the environment for starting a business is not very mature, and it is not suitable for me to start a legal business just after graduation. I don't think I've heard that students majoring in this major started their own businesses right after graduation. My personality is not suitable for starting a business. I think the students who choose to start their own businesses should be people who can take risks psychologically, have pioneering consciousness and creativity, and have a certain financial foundation and interpersonal network. Some people choose to start a business without all kinds of conditions, which is too blind. It would be better if they were sure, but I admire graduates who choose to start their own businesses. This enterprising spirit should be advocated by society. (Liang Zhihong graduated from China Renmin University and now works in the court) Viewpoint support: We should use it on the cutting edge, Yang, a college student, start a business and turn knowledge into capital! This is a resounding slogan. But to the reporter's surprise, the preferential policies for college students' entrepreneurship are basically denied by college students who really "start a business". Some students told reporters that once we enter the market, we will act in full accordance with the laws of the market, compete with others as representatives of ordinary legal persons, and can no longer act as umbrellas as students.

The reporter learned that many grass-roots administrative units know the relevant preferential policies of the state for college students' entrepreneurship, but they don't know how to operate these regulations, and there are no relevant examples to learn from, so the preferential policies of the state for college students' entrepreneurship cannot be implemented. However, there are different views on the preferential policies for college students' entrepreneurship in society. One is that the state should have a venture capital mechanism for college students directly, and stimulate students' entrepreneurship through preferential policies such as setting up venture funds; Another view is that college students can't overemphasize preferential policies when starting a business, and entrepreneurship will eventually stand the test of the market.

A student company with knowledge and creativity as its essence can't get on the right track and run smoothly without a good social investment environment and all kinds of good services needed for starting a business. Since 2002, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, the Ministry of Personnel and many local governments have successively issued relevant policies to encourage and help college students to start their own businesses and find jobs flexibly. But it is still difficult for college students to start their own businesses, so we should pay more attention to college students' entrepreneurship.

An important reason that affects college students' entrepreneurship is that society lacks necessary practical guidance for college graduates to take the "first step" of entrepreneurship. College graduates include graduates from various universities and majors. Graduates majoring in economic management should be self-employed, which has certain advantages over graduates of other majors. Graduates who are not majoring in economic management are not familiar with the economic market. Although they have the desire and enthusiasm to start a business as soon as they leave school, they will be discouraged by lack of confidence in the fierce market competition. What college students learn is book knowledge, and some of them are pure ideas, which cannot be directly used in market practice. It is really difficult to choose a promising project for investment and entrepreneurship through independent investigation. Inexperience will bring high investment risk, and also cool your willingness to start a business, and finally choose to give up.

To encourage college graduates to start their own businesses to solve the employment problem, in addition to changing the concept of employment, it is more important to give necessary practical guidance to their own businesses. At present, the social employment guidance institutions have some shortcomings in the choice of industries and the guidance of market experience to adapt to entrepreneurial practice. Colleges and universities must regard entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial spirit as the basic goals of higher education. In order to facilitate graduates' employment, higher education should focus on cultivating entrepreneurial skills and initiative, so that college graduates can become not only job seekers, but also job creators.

When the government encourages more graduates to start their own businesses or cooperate with others to establish small workshops, factories and service departments needed by local governments, it may wish to select several typical entrepreneurial cases as pilots, such as providing certain preferential land use rights, giving priority to college students by the same contractors, and giving full consideration to some specific needs such as household registration and archives.

The guidance, support and protection of the government and society should run through the three periods of college students' entrepreneurship, and establish a "green channel" that effectively guides young people's entrepreneurship and is conducive to cultivating entrepreneurial talents.