Structural columns and decorative columns in Harbin modern architectural style?

The following are the structural columns and decorative columns of Harbin modern architectural style brought by Zhong Da Consulting for your reference.

Modern architectural style in Harbin: The morphological characteristics of architectural details constitute the main style of modern architecture, and then form a diversified architectural decoration form in Harbin. This paper attempts to analyze the modern architecture of Harbin from the microscopic point of view-the decorative form of architectural columns. By analyzing the structural characteristics of columns, the rich cultural semantics and spatial combination methods contained in modern architectural decoration in Harbin are revealed, which enriches the research methods of plant landscaping art in Yuanmingyuan. Broadly speaking, it is a decorative activity to design and arrange the elements that affect the vision from the whole to the part of the building purposefully. Architectural decoration directly participates in and deepens the process of architectural modeling, which makes architecture have aesthetic value.

Before the prevalence of modern architectural styles, almost all modern buildings in Harbin had different degrees of decorative forms. Decoration and architectural form rarely appear as two independent entities, and their unity is reflected in every part of the building. Modern architecture in Harbin has formed a variety of architectural styles, such as Baroque, Classicism, Romanticism, China Tradition, Modernism, etc., represented by Russian, Art Nouveau and eclecticism. The diversification of forms has prompted a large number of columns of different types and styles to appear in Harbin buildings. According to the structural system, it is divided into structural columns and decorative columns. No matter what kind of columns, they are beautified by certain decorative techniques. This beautification is the logical unity of decoration and components based on structure and use function. 1. Constructional columns The columns that play the role of structural support are called constructional columns. The structural columns in the facade of modern buildings in Harbin are mainly characterized by outdoor corridor columns. The colonnade is widely used in modern neoclassical architecture in Harbin, with the characteristics of high steps, thick colonnade and thick mountain flowers. Their underlying foundations are generally built with thick stones, and the main body of the building is composed of classical columns and their various combinations, supplemented by detailed decoration. The strict proportion of columns, huge construction scale, closed and heavy architectural forms and gloomy architectural colors of this kind of buildings make people daunting and stay away from them. Because of the long-span function of some public buildings, these columns which imitate classical columns not only have decorative effect, but also have practical structural function. 1. Doric column is stern, impersonal, manly and rational, which can highlight some functional characteristics of bank buildings. Harbin Branch of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, formerly known as Harbin Branch of the Puppet Manchukuo Central Bank, was designed by the Japanese in 1935 and completed by Fuchang Company. In 1945, it was taken over by China people and became the seat of Northeast Bank and later the seat of China People's Bank, which belongs to the first-class protected building in Harbin. The main facade and entrance space * * * are controlled by 10 Doric pilaster. Powerful columns rise from the bottom of the platform, and the stigma takes the form of a simple and stiff inverted cone platform. The proportion of columns is relatively accurate. No matter the height-width ratio of columns, the stigma, the groove of the column body, the assembly and the abutment, they all meet the standards of ancient Greek Doric columns, which is very rare in modern architecture [2], and it is also the only example of using Doric columns in Harbin Modern Bank building. The columns themselves don't have much decoration, mainly through the change and contrast of the size of the stigma, the relationship between the columns and the ratio between the eaves and the columns, to show the safe, stable and rigorous style characteristics of the bank building. 2. In order to pursue more magnificent decorative effects, many modern public buildings in Harbin have chosen Ionian and Corinthian columns. Northeast Martyrs Memorial Hall, formerly the library of East Special Zone, 1928 was established by social fund-raising and designed by Russian architect zhdanov. During the Japanese-puppet period, it was used as a puppet police station, and 1946 was converted into the Northeast Martyrs Memorial Hall, which belongs to the first-class protected building in Harbin. This European neoclassical building adopts the classical colonnade of ancient Greece. Six huge Corinthian independent columns stand on the high steps, forming the control structure of the whole building. The appearance of the stigma has a metallic texture, consisting of rows of soft-rolled honeysuckle leaves, and the top is slightly round, which has become the most exciting part of the building. At the top of the tall colonnade, there are huge mountain flowers inlaid with carved statues, which constitute a tall and solemn entrance. The proportion of the pillars is rigorous and unified, and the form is beautiful and harmonious, achieving an amazing rhythm and harmony. The porch is lofty, the colonnade is tall and the walls are white. The whole building gives people a sense of grandeur, simplicity and clarity. 2. Decorative columns Decorative columns are columns that do not undertake structural functions but have decorative functions, mainly including exterior wall pilasters, decorative window columns and indoor pilasters. 1. Whether it is a complete column or a pilaster protruding from the wall with a small size, it is a means of integral connection and has a good unified effect on the whole building. Harbin Railway Culture Palace, formerly known as Middle East Railway Club, was designed by Denisoff, a Middle East railway technician. 19 1 1 was completed and put into use, 19 19 and 1923 were expanded twice, and 1945 was used as the Soviet red army guild hall. This eclectic building with many styles coexists with four Ionian pilasters in the middle of the facade, which not only sets off rich cornices and mountain flowers, but also makes the building with only two floors form an upward straight feeling and increases the proportion of walls. There is no structural relationship between mountain flowers and columns, and they are purely decorative building components.

The pilaster extends downward and curls inward, forming a huge bracket, like the foot of a entrenched animal, and like the continuation of Ione's stigma roll. The convex part of the parapet is divided into soft nest shape inward, which is the same width as the cornice of the convex part of the main facade. Using the same nested pilaster, the Ionian column extends upward, which strengthens the vertical composition effect. There is a triple window in the middle of the column, a square column between windows is used in the middle of the long window, and the columns between windows on the upper and lower floors echo the main column in different forms of circular face-to-face and brackets, forming a group of visual centers on the building facade. 2. The cold climate in Harbin makes the external walls of buildings generally larger than 490 mm ... Because of the thermal insulation requirements of walls and their large loads, windows are usually smaller. However, in order to increase the lighting area and get more sunshine, the structural columns in the window appeared. The structural part is usually set indoors, and the corresponding outdoor part is purely decorative window column, with lively and free composition and form. Daowai Purification Hospital, formerly known as Uni-Qing Department Store, is a baroque building in China built by China architects in 19 16 with reference to baroque architectural style and combined with China folk patterns and decorations. It is a special product of the blending of Chinese and western cultures in Harbin and belongs to the second-class protected building in Harbin. A large number of different types of pilasters are used in this building, and the columns are usually undivided. The stigma, column body and column base are covered with complex and exquisite China traditional decorative relief patterns. On both sides of the main entrance of the building, a pair of double inclined columns combined with the western Ionian stigma and the Chinese drum base column foundation are separated. Above the stigma are two two-story Corinthian columns decorated with Chinese knot patterns. In the range surrounded by the single inclined column and its supporting arch coupons, it is covered with finely carved chrysanthemum reliefs. The facade of the building is on the second floor, with a white semi-circular window column in the middle and a groove in the column body. The arc-shaped central lock stone with the same color is decorated above the stigma and extends to both sides in the form of flowers. On the third floor, continuous double-arch windows form a sense of rhythm, with rectangular columns in the middle of the windows, and the stigma is simplified to the form of Ione. The use of these columns makes the facade of the building simple and dynamic, which is a typical representative of China Baroque style. Third, there are both structural columns and decorative columns in modern buildings in Harbin. Structural columns and decorative columns often work together in a building and cooperate with each other to form excellent modern buildings with different styles. 1. Daowai Sub-branch of Agricultural Bank of China, formerly known as Bank of Communications, was designed and built in 1928 by Zhuang Jun, the first generation architect studying abroad in China. It is also the only western eclectic architectural work designed by China architects in modern Harbin, which belongs to the first-class protected building in Harbin. The building adopts a more accurate proportion of western classical columns and temple-like facade composition as the composition basis. The main entrance adopts six standard-scale giant Corinthian colonnades that run through three floors, with four ordinary columns in the middle and two rectangular sections at the end of the colonnades, which expresses the brand-new application of classical columns. They not only have load-bearing function, but also command the architectural composition of the whole main facade. The thick eaves wall falls on the top of the column, and the two ends of the porch are connected with the end eaves with square columns with the same height. The stigma carving is complex, the column body has grooves, and the feet and ornamentation are also extremely rich. Piles are distributed on the wall between the windows with five bays in the middle of the top floor, and are combined with the windows on both sides. The deformed Tasmanian column is adopted, with simple lines and slight decoration, which plays a decorative role in enriching the architectural composition and maintains visual continuity with the Corinthian column in the lower section. Each group of windows consists of two pilasters, forming a double-column form. The upper section of the window column combination forms a simple contrast with the middle section of the colonnade; The two wings of the building adopt clear-water red brick walls to close the shoulders, which is in contrast with the white column eaves in the middle, strengthening the relationship between reality and reality of the building and highlighting the entrance space. The flexible use of its columns has formed the main decorative effect of the building. 2. Bank of China Harbin Branch, formerly known as HSBC Harbin Branch, was founded in 1923, and Bank of China Binjiang Sub-branch moved to this building on 1988 and has been in use ever since, belonging to the first-class protected building in Harbin. The use of columns in this building is ingenious. The three facades of the building all adopt the simplest Tasgan double columns, and a large giant column colonnade is formed on the second and third floors in the middle of the building facade. Each pillar has its own independent foundation, and the grassroots exists as an indispensable element of the main building. The pillars at the entrance play a bearing role, and the colonnades on both sides only play a decorative role, forming a continuous sense of rhythm. In order to achieve the effect sought by designers, these columns did not adopt the solid and heavy proportion of the standard Tasmanian columns, but adopted the graceful and slender proportion of the Ionian columns in ancient Greece. In view of the balcony and veranda on the facade of the building, R circular column bases are made at the height of the column of 1/3, which makes the horizontal balcony and vertical column gallery in harmony, and the ratio of circular column bases to column heads is just in line with the slenderness ratio of Tasmanian columns. 3. The activity center for veteran cadres of Heilongjiang Provincial Party Committee was originally the private residence of Schi Delquie, a Jewish timber merchant. It was designed by Russian architect zhdanov and built in 19 14. It was used as a Japanese secret service during the Japanese puppet regime, belonging to a first-class protected building in Harbin. This eclectic building, imitating the classical revival style of Greece, is composed of composite wall columns. The pilaster of the mixed column supports the triangular mountain flower roof, and the pilaster passes through the roof and ends with French fruit-like decoration. Under the gable is a two-story closed balcony with arched mountain flowers on both sides, supported by Ionian columns. In the middle of the building, two Ionian pillars support the open balcony on the second floor, and the first floor forms the entrance porch space. The contrast between reality and reality of the whole building is strong, and the overall composition pattern of Aba is formed, which makes the overall atmosphere of the building less solemn and adds romantic sentiment.

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