Investigation activities in Hu Xiaowei

On September 7th, 20 12, initiated by Professor Hu Xiaowei, researcher of China Academy of Social Sciences and director of Guan Gong Culture Committee of China Folk Writers and Artists Association, nearly 30 Guan Gong cultural scholars, writers and media reporters from Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and Chinese mainland participated in the "Seven Provinces Tour of Guan Gong Footprint", which started from Sanyi Palace in Zhuozhou, Hebei Province and passed through Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and Hunan. From September 2/KLOC-0 to September 22, the delegation visited Yuncheng, the hometown of Guan Gong's soul.

Hu Xiaowei said that 2020 will be the 800th anniversary of Guan Yu's "Yi Tian"/KLOC-0. In order to awaken Guan Gong as a progressive hero model of the Chinese nation and the spirit of the value system, domestic Guan Gong academic and cultural groups will hold a series of commemorative activities. The purpose of this visit is to "protect cultural relics, develop tourism and apply for heritage". The delegation visited Guan Gong's cultural relics protection and memorial buildings along the way, and planned and developed related tourist routes such as historical tour and amorous feelings tour, in order to make preliminary investigation and preparation for applying for the material and intangible world cultural heritage. This is also the first large-scale visit by Guan Gong cultural researchers in Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province Province.

After the launching ceremony in Zhuozhou, Hebei Province on September 7, the delegation passed through Shandong Pingyuan County to pay tribute to Guan Gong's first stop. I went to Pizhou, Jiangsu, and relived "three things about Tu Youyou"; Go west to Xuchang, Henan Province to relive the old saying of Guan Yu's "holding a candle to seal gold"; On September 13, I went to Xiangyang and Fancheng, Hubei Province to visit the ruins of the Seventh Army of Jingxiang and Shuiyu in the Northern Expedition. Textual research on the location of Guan Yunchang's "going to the meeting alone" in Yiyang, Hunan Province: going to Guanling, Dangyang, Hubei Province to see Guan Yu's "righteous heaven"; On September 19, he arrived in Guanlin, the first burial place of Guan Gong in Luoyang, Henan Province, and participated in a series of activities held locally, such as the Golden Autumn Festival of Guan Gong, the international pilgrimage ceremony of Guan Lin, and the first display of Guan Miao's rites and music. On the evening of September 2 1, the delegation arrived at the last stop-the place where Guan Yu's soul returned to his hometown in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province. On the 22nd, the delegation paid a visit to the Guandi Temple and the Changping Temple in Jiezhou. The whole trip lasted more than ten days, spanning seven provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan and Shanxi, and went to Wan Li. Wherever they went, they were warmly welcomed by the local government and Guan Gong believers, organized forums, listened carefully to the suggestions of experts and scholars, protected cultural relics and further promoted the development of Guan Gong culture.

Hu Xiaowei believes that the image of Guan Yu, a historical figure in the Three Kingdoms, and the value system of "loyalty, benevolence, courage and wisdom" it represents have become an important symbol of China's moral image, which has great influence and appeal among Chinese all over the world and a great sense of cultural identity among Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. On this basis, Guan Gong's material and intangible cultural heritage also covers many aspects. "At present, there are many things related to Guan Gong's culture in terms of artistic sculpture, drama, official and folk festivals (music, dance), folk customs and handicrafts. Therefore, it is necessary to bind Guan Gong culture to apply for world cultural heritage. " In Hu Xiaowei's view, after the successful declaration of these two cultural heritages, they can be gradually extended to the temple architecture and intangible cultural fields in many overseas countries and regions, forming a global protection network and constantly exerting the influence of Chinese traditional excellent culture. "Through this investigation and investigation of the ruins, we will have a deep understanding of the path and situation and make a solid foundation preparation for the' application for the World Heritage'." Hu Xiaowei said, "Investigation is only the first step in applying for World Heritage". Because Guan Gong's culture is still rich in China, they plan to apply for World Heritage with reference to the Grand Canal, Silk Road and Shu Road, and then make full preparations and implement it step by step in strict accordance with relevant procedures. The Spring and Autumn Building in Xuchang, Henan Province is the legendary place where Guan Yu "reads Spring and Autumn at night and seals gold". The statue of Guan Yu, with a height of13m, is rare in China. It was here that Guan Yu was named "Hanshou Pavilion" by Cao, the prime minister who declined politely.

According to the director of the cultural professional committee and cultural research scholars, the ancients always thought that Guan Yu's Cao Ci embodied the values of "fame and fortune" called by Confucian sages. Some scholars have pointed out that in order to prove that Guan Yu was not Cao but Han, later generations made many articles on the word "Hanshou", misinterpreting the place name "Hanshou" (now Hanshou County, Hubei Province) and the title "Hou Ting" in the word "Hanshou" and calling it "Hanshou". From the Northern Song Dynasty to tomorrow, the seal of "Shou Hou Ting" was unearthed in various places, which was said to have been used by Guan Yu before his death. Hu Xiaowei said that combined with textual research, these should be forged by later generations. "This practice of identifying the word' Han' as the Han Dynasty is not a general negligence, but a profound misunderstanding that deserves a good taste." Nearly 30 people, including cultural scholars, representatives of descendants of Guan, writers from Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao, and media reporters, took part in the cultural search activity of "footprints all over seven provinces". For the first time, members will search for Guan Yu's historical activities along the footsteps of the biography of Guan Yu in the Three Kingdoms.

According to Hu Xiaowei, director of Guan Gong Cultural Committee, the purpose of this activity is to "protect cultural relics, develop tourism and apply for world heritage". The delegation will inspect Guan Gong's cultural relics protection and memorial buildings along the way, plan and develop related tourist routes such as historical tours and belief tours, and make preliminary research preparations for applying for the material and intangible world cultural heritage.

On September 7th, the delegation set off from Sanyi Palace in Zhuozhou, Hebei Province, which is the "Three sworn meanings in Taoyuan", and passed through Pingyuan County, Shandong Province to pay their respects to Guan Gong's first post. I went to Pizhou, Jiangsu, and relived "three things about Tu Youyou"; Go west to Xuchang, Henan Province to relive the old saying of Guan Yu's "holding a candle to seal gold"; On September 13, I went to Xiangyang and Fancheng, Hubei Province, and visited the ruins of the Seventh Army of Jingxiang and Shuiyu in the Northern Expedition. Textual research on the location of Guan Yunchang's "going to the meeting alone" in Yiyang, Hunan Province: going to Guanling, Dangyang, Hubei Province to see Guan Yu's "righteous heaven"; Visit Guanlin, the first burial place of Guan Gong in Luoyang, Henan Province, and participate in a series of activities held locally, such as the Golden Autumn Festival of Guan Gong, the international pilgrimage ceremony of Guan Lin, and the first display of Guan Miao's rites and music. Finally, worship the place where Guan Yu's soul returned to his hometown of Yuncheng, Shanxi.

The activity lasted more than half a month, spanning Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shanxi and other provinces and cities, with a total journey of more than 5,000 kilometers. On September 7, at the launching ceremony of Sanyi Palace in Zhuozhou, Hebei Province, the inauguration ceremony of Jieyi Pavilion was also held. The pavilion was destroyed in the 1950s. After this reconstruction, the whole building is a three-column triangle, which means that Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were sworn in.

In particular, a new couplet was added to the front post of the rebuilt triangular pavilion. The first couplet reads: "Heaven and earth and their virtues, the sun and the moon and their brightness, and the four seasons and their sequence are the beginning of the three meanings in Taoyuan"; The bottom line reads: "wealth cannot be lewd, poverty cannot be moved, and power cannot be bent." Finally, the history of history will last forever. " According to Wu Shanhai, the head of Sanyi Palace, the first sentence quotes Zhouyi and the second sentence quotes Mencius, which explains Liu's experience from being United with one heart and one mind, sharing weal and woe, and sharing weal and woe, and explains the irreplaceable reasons for becoming a Chinese moral model. After the launching ceremony, members of "Guan Gong's Seven Provinces Tour" drove to the second stop-Gucheng Community, Dongting Town, Dingzhou City, Hebei Province. According to the biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Shu and the First Master, at the end of the Ling Dynasty, Liu Bei led his subordinate Zou Jingjin to present the yellow turban insurrectionary, and was named "An Xiwei" here. This is not only the place where Zhang Fei whipped Du You in The Romance of Three Kingdoms, but also the place where Guan Yu took the lead.

The delegation arrived in Pingyuan County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, where Guan Yu was "another Sima" and the first leader. The old Sanyi Temple has now disappeared. However, under the guidance of two old people in the Three Kingdoms Cultural Square in Pingyuan County, the delegation saw the monument to rebuild Sanyi Pavilion and build a temple in Pingyuan County Library. The inscription was written by Zhu Sibin, a native of Pingyuan during the reign of Kangxi, and was signed in the summer and June of the 31st year of Kangxi (AD 1692).

According to the inscription, Sanyi Temple in Pingyuan County was destroyed by fire during Kangxi period, and Taoist Zhao Chongdian raised funds to rebuild it. In his inscription, Zhu Sibin reasoned and verified whether the plain was the original site of Taoyuan Sanjieyi, pointing out that it was "not completely credible", but affirmed Liu Bei's far-reaching influence on the plain. At the same time, people are encouraged to learn from Liu Bei's good qualities of tolerance and sincere friendship. The main restoration project of Guandi Temple in Tushan Town, Pizhou, Jiangsu Province was completed and opened on June 3, 2006. Located on the south side of the top of Tushan Mountain, the complex has three temple gates, three forecourt theaters and two rows of observation towers beside it. The forecourt is composed of statues of Guan Gong, Guan Ping and Zhou Cang. During the War of Liberation, the Su Yu Front Command of Huaihai Campaign was established here.

This is also the legendary place where Guan Gong had "three dates with local people". According to Hu Xiaowei, a scholar who studies Guan Gong's culture, since the Yuan Dynasty, Guan Gong's belief has been very popular among the people, and the issue of "loyalty" has begun to receive social attention. Guan Yu was captured by Cao Cao in history. Is this paragraph kneeling or humiliating? Since the Yuan Dynasty, there have been various words and sayings, such as Answering to Cao Cao's Letter and Answering to Zhang Liao's Letter, which shows that Guan Yu's uniqueness lies in "Cao Cao's heart is in the Han Dynasty".

Hu Xiaowei pointed out that Guan Yu's acceptance of Cao Cao's surrender can be applied to Mencius' famous saying "obeying the classics and obeying the rights", that is, adhering to principles and making flexible concessions. Because Mencius is a saint second only to Confucius, later generations were inspired by this and invented reasonable imagination such as "three things about aardvark". On September 15, Hu Xiaowei, director of Guan Gong's Cultural Professional Committee, gave a special lecture entitled "Inadvertent Jingzhou-True Lies" to more than 2,000 students in the famous forum of "Zhiyuan Plan" of Jingzhou Yangtze University.

Hu Xiaowei believes that it is inaccurate for the people to say that Guan Yu "lost Jingzhou", because in history Guan Yu set up "three lines of defense" for Jingzhou City: First, Guan Yu set up more than 200 mobile observation posts along the river to guard against Wu Jun's sneak attack; Second, archaeological discoveries show that Jingzhou City is very strong and uses a lot of mixed materials; Third, the police county and Guan Yu formed a tripartite confrontation.

The important reason why Guan Yu lost Jingzhou was that he suffered triple betrayal: First, the allied forces betrayed, ambushed and fought without notice. The second is centrifugation. After Jingzhou Gate was ambushed, Mi Zhu and Fu Shiren surrendered. Third, friendly forces wait and see. Liu Feng and Meng Da, who were guarding Shang Yong, Hubei Province, learned that Jingzhou had fallen and did not send troops to meet them as promised. The above factors led Guan Yu to Maicheng and died in Linzhou. Hu Xiaowei said that the two provinces involved in Guan Yu's deeds are Henan and Hubei. During his stay in Henan, Guan Yu was named "the Pavilion Hou of Hanshou" by Cao Cao, but he resigned from his splendor and joined his brothers Liu Bei and Zhang Fei in the ancient city to accumulate strength together. After arriving in Hubei, Guan Yu realized "flying over" and "leaping over" in his life.

The so-called "flying over" refers to the highest point of Guan Gong's career-Megatron China. In the spring of the 24th year of Jian 'an (AD 2 19), Cao Cao's camp changed many times. Guan Yu led the elite troops to start the Northern Expedition, and used the autumn flood to "flood the Seventh Army". General Cao Ying surrendered to the injunction and Pound was killed. Guan Yu's "History of the Three Kingdoms" evaluates Guan Yu's "sublime China". Throughout the twenty-four history, no second person has this "honor".

Hu Xiaowei introduced that the so-called "crossing" refers to the unique cultural phenomenon that Guan Yu's spiritual symbol was "resurrected" in another form in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in China society after his death.

There is a record of Guan Yu's help in the construction of yuquan temple in The Whole Tang Dynasty, and there is also a return of "Guan Gong of Yuquan Mountain shows a saint" in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. At that time, Buddhism made full use of this kind of folk psychology and named Guan Yu "the protector of Galand"; Taoism also created the myth that Guan Yu fought Chiyou, and later called Guan Yu Emperor. Confucianism regards Guan Yu as a practitioner of Confucianism and a model of past dynasties, and calls him Guan Gong. Today, the "Spring and Autumn Building" that can be seen everywhere in Guandi Temple can be seen as proof.

On September 16, the delegation of "Guan Yu's footprint in seven provinces" drove back and forth for 15 hours and made a special trip to Dadukou, Yiyang, Hunan Province to visit Guan Yu's "going to the meeting alone" recorded in the history of the Three Kingdoms, which is also the southernmost point of Guan Yu's footprint in history.

According to the members of the delegation, a stone statue of Guan Yu stands on the restored ancient city wall. Interestingly, in front of it, a new Catholic church was built.

Since Beijing, the delegations from seven provinces in Dangyang, Hubei Province have passed through six provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, Hunan and Hubei, and will go to Luoyang and Yuncheng for investigation and visit. (Photo: Jiang Xinjun, Chai Zhong You)