What are the meanings of "white" and "blue" in white papers and blue books?

The white paper was originally named because the cover and text of the book are white. English "white paper" and Chinese "white paper" are both translated into white papers. But there is a difference between the two. In Britain, a "white paper" mainly refers to a short report published by the government. Any topic, any organization can also be used for political official statements containing background materials.

The White Paper is longer, more important and more substantial. Mainly official reports on major issues. In addition to Britain, other countries often use "white papers" and "white papers" indiscriminately. 1965 In April, Britain published the Gibraltar White Paper in the form of a "white paper" with the title of White Paper and a white cover.

Noble name

The countries that use the little red book mainly include Spain, Austria, Britain, the United States, Turkey and the Soviet Union. Some are used for official documents, and some are used for unofficial documents. Spain published the Gibraltar Red Book in 1965 and 1968 (English version). As early as13rd century, Britain used the red book on finance. British red books are also used in official directories, aristocratic directories and palace guides. 1969 published a red book with the subtitle endangered wild animals. The United States published the 1977 Red Book on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. 1984 In early 1984, the Soviet Union published the first publication on the protection of wildlife in need. In addition, some international organizations also use red books, such as the International Telecommunication Union Red Book. Of course, the most famous little red book with the largest circulation is the little red book, a quotation from Chairman Mao in the 1960s and 1970s.

Black book generally refers to commercial photography yearbook, but in many European countries there are also commercial photography yearbook or commercial photography yellow pages available for retrieval, with another name.

In fact, the black book is not a simple book in America, it belongs to the concept of a bridge or a channel. Black book is published once a year in the United States, and more than 20 volumes (excluding commercial illustrations) have been published so far. It is generally believed that it can show the highest level of commercial photography in the United States, and it can also reflect the best combination of excellent commercial photographers in the United States and the market.

Black book is a natural product of pictures in business operation. It shows the combination of photography and advertising, photography and market. It is by no means a simple summary and display of commercial pictures. Its existence also promotes the communication between photographers and the exchange of creative ideas of commercial photography.

1949, Hungary published the book "Increasing Emperor through Public Trial". Both Hungarian and Russian versions claim to be black books with black covers and yellow titles, while English and French versions claim to be yellow books. Israel also used black books in 1967, which is rare in the world. Because "blacklist" usually means "blacklist" or "record book" in English, English-speaking countries avoid using blacklists.