The Teaching Design of Du Fu's Ascending the Mountain

1. Appreciate Du Fu's gloomy and frustrated poetic style.

2. Improve the ability to master the appreciation skills of appreciating the artistic conception of poetry with images.

3. Learn from Du Fu's great feelings of worrying about the country, the people and the world.

Learning difficulties

1, the key point: improve the ability to master the appreciation skills of appreciating the artistic conception of poetry from images.

2. Difficulties: Appreciating Du Fu's gloomy and frustrated poetic style.

Learning methods and guidance

Fourth reading? Reading with sound? Intentional reading? Love reading? Beautiful reading.

With the help of reference books and after-class notes, combined with the author's life and writing background, understand the theme of poetry.

Use multimedia display.

Class hours: 1 class hour

Autonomous learning:

Knowledge link

Brief introduction of the author

Du Fu (7 12? 770), with beautiful words, once lived in the west of Shaoling in the south of Chang 'an, claiming to be the elder of Shaoling, and was known as Du Shaoling in the world. Originally from Xiangyang, he moved to Gongxian. Du Yes's grandson. In the late Kaiyuan period, he was a scholar, roaming around and living in Chang 'an for nearly ten years. An Lushan soldiers were trapped in Chang 'an, but they fled to Fengxiang, where they met Su Zong and left the gleaner. After abandoning his official post, he moved to Chengdu and built a thatched cottage on the banks of Huanhua River, known as Huanhuacao Hall in the world. Once upon a time, Ren Jiannan joined the army in a low profile and served as the foreign minister in the Ministry of Industry, known as Du Gongbu. His poems show the historical process of the Tang dynasty from prosperity to decline, and are called? History of poetry? . He is good at ancient customs and rhythmic poems, and his styles are diverse, but he is mainly depressed and frustrated. This is Du Gongbu. Masterpieces: Poems such as Three Officials, Three Farewells, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, and Autumn Prosperity are all said by people.

I. "Looking at the Moon" during the period of reading and roaming (before the age of 35)

Second, trapped in Chang 'an period (35 to 44 years old), "car shop" and "two roads"

Three, trapped in the thief and served as an official (45 to 48 years old), "Moonlight Night" and "Spring Hope"

Four, the southwest wandering period (48 to 58 years old), "Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night" and "The hut was broken by the autumn wind".

Writing background

Du Fu died in the war from the age of 48 to the age of 58. He has been wandering outside 1 1 year. It was the eighth year when I wrote this poem, and I died on my way out of Sichuan three years later. This poem was written by the author in Kuizhou (Fengjie, Chongqing) in the second year of Dali (AD 767). At this time? An Shi rebellion? Four years later, local warlords seized the opportunity to compete for territory, and the country remained in chaos; Plus friends Li Bai, Gao Shi and Yanwu died one after another? All this, like a thick cloud, weighed on Du Fu's mind. He came on stage sick to relieve his depression. It says "Climb the Peak". Yang Lun praised this poem as? Du Ji's seven-character verse is the first? ; Hu Yinglin's Poetry is even more impressive, isn't it? The crown of seven-character poems in ancient and modern times.

Depression and depression

Melancholy and frustration are the style characteristics of poetry content and form, which is about Du Fu's poetry style. ? Depression? ,? A sink? That is, deep, deep and deep; ? Depression? , that is? Product? , dignified, reserved. It refers to the richness and profundity of poetry's thoughts and feelings, not to the negativity, depression and sadness of thoughts. ? Frustrated? It refers to the conciseness and calmness of language, the alternation of rhythm, the cadence of tone and the sonorous ups and downs of melody, forming touching musical beauty. Depression and frustration are linked together, that is to say, the feelings are so deep that they can't be poured out at once, as if something is blocking them. After repeated times, this feeling finally showed incisively and vividly.

Introduce a new course

? Sunset and lonely Qi Fei, autumn waters and sky are the same color. ? Write a beautiful picture of everything full of vitality under the long autumn water;

? Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river. ? The writer's sad and depressed mood after being frustrated in the examination room;

? The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. ? The quiet scene reveals Wang Wei's love for nature;

? Since ancient times, I feel sad and lonely every autumn. I think autumn is more than spring. There is no one in the clear sky in Wan Li, and a crane, Ling Yunfei, has aroused my meditation on the blue sky. ? Find a new way and do something unconventional. In the description of Shoukaku in "The sky is high and the clouds are light", through comparison, he expresses his broad mind of despising officialdom, indifferent to fame and fortune and loving nature.

? The autumn wind is bleak, the weather is cool, and the vegetation is shaken and exposed to frost. ? Because the weather is cool, windy and frosty, I am homesick;

? The annual autumn wind is strong, not that spring is better than spring. ? A battle has just been won, and the heroic and cheerful feelings of confidence in the future of the revolution are vividly on the paper.

Therefore, from ancient times to the present, there are countless poems describing autumn, which are beautiful. Today, we will learn another poem by Du Fu about autumn, Ascending the Mountain, and realize what kind of scenes Du Fu described, what kind of techniques he used and what kind of thoughts and feelings he expressed.

Teachers' reading guidance:

When reading, you should read the emotional color according to the poem and make the first sentence? In the wild wind in the vast sky, the ape is sobbing? Read aloud and enthusiastically, the second sentence? Birds fly over the clear lake and white sand beach and fly home? Read circuitously;

Joined? Boundless falling wood? And then what? Endless Yangtze River? Read it all at once, and then what? Wood? Jiang? Make an extended sound;

Sad neck? Often? What's wrong with you? Independent? Words should be stressed to show weight;

Tail joint? After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged. ? It is advisable to read slowly and read the situation of self-pity and self-mockery.

A male student reads aloud.

Teacher's comment: I read very accurately. Of course, there are no new words in this poem, but I haven't read the author's feelings. My feelings are not enough. I didn't pay attention to the cadence, so it was more straightforward.

A female student read it out loud.

Teacher's comment: This time it's much better, with a loud voice and full of feelings. Pay attention to the neckline? Sad? Often? What's wrong with you? Independent? I didn't see the place I wanted to emphasize. Go down and keep watching.

Look at the teacher's model.

Read aloud in class.

Autonomous learning

First, what are the six close-ups that appear in succession when you write about what you have seen and heard in climbing and pitching? What are the characteristics of Qiujiang scenery?

Rapid autumn wind, high sky, wailing apes, lonely and deserted islands, white sand falling from the water, waterfowl hovering low.

These are typical scenery with the autumn characteristics of the Three Gorges in Kuizhou. Capturing poetry is not only vivid, but also makes people feel at home, showing a lofty and desolate realm.

Second, the couplet wrote a rustling down? Boundless falling wood (leaves)? , rolling east? Endless Yangtze River? Two kinds of scenery. Such a scene, for Du Fu, who was 55 years old (three years before his death) and was also a realistic poet with a broad mind, how would he feel?

I feel that life is short and small, and the history is long and irreversible. I am disappointed because I have not paid my ambitions.

Third, how to understand what appears in the poem? Ape singing? 、? Bird? 、 ? Fallen leaves? 、? Yangtze River? These four images?

Ape singing? It makes people feel sad to hear its cry.

Bird? Hovering in the air shows that it has nowhere to stop, which is a metaphor for loneliness.

It's late autumn when trees fall and leaves fall, which is a metaphor for Du Fu's life.

Yangtze River? A thousand miles running is a metaphor for the passage of time.

Fourth, let's review, what other autumn images are there, and what is their meaning?

Indus? A symbol of sadness and sorrow.

Chrysanthemum? A symbol of seclusion, noble and refined.

Hongyan? A symbol of travel and homesickness.

Chill? A symbol of nobility and sadness.

West wind? A symbol of travel and homesickness.

Fallen leaves? A symbol of ups and downs, sadness and emotion.

Hongyan? A symbol of travel and homesickness.

Check preview

Next, let's take a look at your preview.

Understand the author's thoughts and feelings contained in the following words.

Wan: It shows the way away from the countryside and wandering.

Chang: It shows the time when Wan Li left his hometown and wandered abroad.

Guest: a guest from another country

Many: lamenting that you are old and sick and mentally exhausted?

Independence: lamenting a person on the stage, alone, extremely desolate?

Hate: lament over excessive sadness and resentment, which makes my sideburns turn white prematurely. Stop: I sigh that I have to give up drinking because I am poor and have no wine to drink, so I can't vent my depression.

Bitter: it is extreme; Extreme (hate icing on the temples)

classroom discussion

First, if the first two couplets are about scenery, what are the last two couplets?

Lyric. Pour out your worries directly.

Second, from? Wan Li? 、? A guest? 、? Hundred years old (old age)? What's wrong with you? 、? Independent? What kind of thoughts and feelings can you comprehend from these words?

At the time of the war, autumn was sad, and Wan Li left his hometown, wandering away from home, old and sick, lonely and helpless, and the country was in great trouble, so the poet suffered eight hardships. I feel old, lonely, and my life is bleak. I miss my hometown and relatives very much and worry about how difficult the country is.

Third, the tail is connected? Difficult? 、? Down and out? Does this word describe a country or an individual? Bitter? How to understand this word? What kind of ideological realm does this couplet show the author?

It is both a country and an individual. Objectively speaking,? The country is bankrupt? With what? Family death? It is a causal relationship; Subjectively, the poet has been worried about the country and the people, and he is worried about the country's demise.

Judging from the antithesis of the last sentence, bitter? With what? New station? In contrast, it should be adverbs plus verbs. Bitter? Is it an adverb? Very? ,? Hate it? Is it a verb? Regret? Unfortunately, the poet is too white to make more contributions to the country.

Most ancient intellectuals used it? If you are rich, you will help the world, but if you are poor, you will be immune to it. Self-encouragement, and Du Fu, no matter how poor he is, is worried about the country and the people, and his ideological level is so high that he deserves it? Poet saint? .

4. What other boarding works did we learn? Let's try to talk about them.

Li Bai boarded the Phoenix Terrace in Nanjing.

Yellow Crane Tower in Cui Hao

Harvest reflection

(1) Taste artistic conception:

Desolate, vigorous, gloomy, tragic,

Open-minded, open-minded, broad-minded.

(2) Taste theme

The poet's loneliness and desolation about his old illness, his disappointment about nothing, and his feelings about his country and people are all expressed in a gloomy and tragic way.

A sad scene

Sad man

Sad country

(3) Taste and feeling

The first couplet is sad and lonely.

Couplets are gloomy and lofty.

The neck and joints are sad and painful.

Tai Lian is worried and helpless.

Training acceptance

Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question.

Jiang Han

Du Fu

I am wandering in Jianghan belt, and I miss my homeland and can't return. In the vast world, I am just a pedantic old Confucian.

A cloud is far away, and the moonlight is lonely.

The heart of the setting sun is still strong, and the autumn wind is sick.

Since ancient times, the old horse has not spent its physical strength because of its wisdom. Therefore, although I am old and sicker, I can still do it.

(1) This is a poem written by Du Fu when he stayed in Jianghan in his later years. Is this poem used in two or three ways? A cloud? 、? Lonely moon? 、? Sunset? 、? Autumn wind? A few images, please analyze their artistic conception of blending scenes.

Answer? A cloud? Lonely moon? The bleak artistic conception reveals the author's loneliness and boredom; ? Sunset? Autumn wind? The artistic conception is magnificent and open, which also reflects the author? Martyrs are full of courage in their later years? Optimistic and open-minded.

(2) Some people think that this poem is permeated with the poet's spirit of self-improvement, while others think that this poem expresses the poet's resentment. What do you agree with? Please provide a justification for the answer. You can also express your views.

Answer? Self-improvement? Do you really want to contact? Is the sunset still strong? ，a？ Do you really want to contact resentment? No need to walk long distances? .

Homework after class

(1) recite this poem.

(2) After class? Discussion and practice? Question 3.

Reflections on the Teaching of Mountaineering Appreciation

I think it is reasonable for me to introduce the design of the new curriculum. I introduced a lot of extra-curricular materials, and briefly analyzed the quoted poems one by one, which broadened students' horizons, broadened their knowledge, stimulated their enthusiasm and interest in appreciation, let them swim in the ocean of poems, enjoy the beauty brought by appreciation, and improved their literary literacy.

I didn't simply list piles, but I also noticed the connection between the feelings expressed in these poems and mountaineering. They are all poems about autumn, but the thoughts and feelings expressed are both similar and different, which plays a leading and promoting role in students' understanding of this poem and makes them feel the richness and interest of the ocean of poetry.

A poem about autumn, a poem about landing, can't be practical when guiding students to appreciate, but should be based on the typical images and meanings of autumn, such as:

Indus? A symbol of sadness and sorrow.

Chrysanthemum? A symbol of seclusion, noble and refined.

Hongyan? A symbol of travel and homesickness.

Chill? A symbol of nobility and sadness.

West wind? A symbol of travel and homesickness.

Fallen leaves? A symbol of ups and downs, sadness and emotion.

Hongyan? A symbol of travel and homesickness.

And so on, and urge students to organize and memorize. In the future appreciation, they can draw inferences from others, broaden their horizons, stimulate their interest, deepen their thinking, and internalize them into appreciation ability. What other boarding works did the students learn, such as Li Bai's On the Phoenix Terrace and Cui Hao's The Yellow Crane Tower. Remind students to review quickly is also a highlight of appreciation class.

Can this poem be evaluated by future generations as? Du Ji's seven-character verse is the first? ; ? The crown of ancient and modern seven-character verse? There are unique artistic techniques, which are embodied as follows:

1, borrowing scenery to express emotion and blending scenes. The first four sentences describe the scenery, and the last four sentences are lyrical.

2. The work is steady and the timbre is sonorous. The upper and lower sentences are relative; And the sentences are self-correcting, such as? Wind? Right? God, what's the hurry? Right? Tall? ,? Zhu? Right? Sand? ,? Qing? Right? White? . The timbre is harmonious, the rhythm is smooth, and it has a cadence musical beauty to read. Like three or four sentences.

3, intricate changes, take care of each other. One or three tube mountain view, two or four tube river view, five or seven tube bitter, six or eight tube disease.

I pay special attention when I appreciate the expression, because mastering the expression of poetry is not only a bottleneck for students to appreciate poetry, but also a major difficulty for poetry appreciation, and it is also an important content of poetry repeated examinations. It is very important to guide students to be familiar with the appreciation procedure and accumulate these appreciation terms according to the appreciation steps. , expand and consolidate in the setting exercise.

Read clearly: the appreciation of poetry ultimately depends on some words, and the appreciation of words should be combined with the poet's thoughts and feelings, and the beauty of the use of words can be realized by understanding the author's thoughts and feelings. So I put the taste of poetry as a language in the preview part, so that students can have enough time to taste it after class and get guidance from teachers in class, and form a clear and correct understanding in their hearts.

I have always stressed that appreciating poetry should follow the logical order from image to artistic conception, from artistic conception to theme, and from theme to emotion. To analyze the theme of poetry and the poet's emotion, we should appreciate it from specific poems. When I appreciate this poem, the first two couplets grasp the image and analyze the artistic conception; The latter two couplets are closely related to feelings and grasp the main idea, which basically conforms to the appreciation procedure, and the questioning conforms to the inherent logical order of poetry and the cognitive law of people, and the appreciation process is more detailed.

In addition, I personally think that my reading instruction is relatively correct. After the guidance, let the students read it in person, and comment on each reading, praise the advantages and point out the shortcomings. Finally, the whole class read aloud, strike while the iron is hot, consolidate and urge students to master the reading essentials as soon as possible.

There are not many poems introduced in the new course, but they are refined. I will try my best to introduce poems with the same or similar themes as Bo's poems. Feeling introduces more complicated poems. Although I have made a simple analysis of the poems, the themes of these poems are also diverse. Some of them are far from this poem.

I think we should put. Discussion and practice? The third question is placed in the class discussion part, because it deepens and emphasizes the theme of poetry and should be carried out as the highlight of this guided appreciation. Come down and discuss with colleagues, and everyone feels the same way.

Reflecting on this guided appreciation activity, I gained a lot.