What are the famous contemporary writers in China?

Lao She is a famous modern writer and playwright in China.

Formerly known as Shu Qingchun, she Yu, pen names Summer Xu, Honglai, Feiwo, etc. Lao She is his most commonly used pen name.

Lao She is a Manchu. 1899 was born in a poor family in Xiaoyangjia Hutong, Xicheng, Beijing. Lao She's father is a guard guarding the imperial city. 1900 was killed in street fighting against Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion. Since then, the whole family has relied on the meager income of mother sewing clothes and doing odd jobs. Lao She spent a difficult childhood and adolescence in painting. The daily life of the complex made him familiar with drivers, handicraft workers, small traders, inferior artists, prostitutes and other urban poor struggling at the bottom of society, and knew their joys and sorrows. Life in the compound made him like the traditional arts (such as Quyi and drama) circulating in the streets and lanes since he was a child, and he was attracted by their charm. From this environment, he received a different life education and artistic enlightenment from most modern writers in China. All these have had a great influence on him and left a distinct mark on his creation.

1906, with the support of others, Lao She went to a private school to study. Three years later, I transferred to another school. 19 13, I was admitted to Beijing Normal School, and all the school accommodation was provided by the state. 19 18 Lao She graduated from Beijing Normal University. After graduation, she served as the principal of the seventeenth public primary school in Beijing and concurrently served as the principal of Chinese studies. When the May 4th Movement called for democracy, science and personality liberation, he was awakened from the life creed of "running a primary school conscientiously, respectfully serving his mother, getting married and having children properly" (what the May 4th Movement gave me), he made a new choice. 1September, 922, Lao She resigned from all her posts and went to the middle school of Tianjin Nankai School, which is famous for its enlightened new school, as a teacher of Guo Wen, where she wrote the first new literary work Jason Chung. The May 4th Movement urged him to get rid of the shackles of feudalism and secularism and seek a more meaningful life than he had already got.

1924, Lao She went to England and worked as a Chinese lecturer at Oriental College of London University. The colorful world and strong homesickness drew him into the paradise of literature. He read a lot of English works and began to write novels in his spare time. He wrote Lao Zhang's Philosophy, Zhao Ziyue and Ermayina. Joining the Literature Research Association from 65438 to 0926, Lao She found works worthy of dedication and a full life in her literary career. From the very beginning, his creation showed the characteristics of realism, with distinct artistic personality from language, style, content and theme.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/929, Lao She returned to China via France, Germany, Italy and Singapore. In July of the following year, I went to teach in cheeloo university. 1934 was hired as a professor at Qingdao Shandong University. Continue writing novels after school. Cat City Story (1932), Divorce Story (1933), Legend of Niu Tianci (1934), Crescent Moon (1935), Xiangzi Camel (1935). The novel Camel Xiangzi, in particular, shows the writer's sincere sympathy and profound understanding for the urban poor and becomes Lao She's main masterpiece. Camel Xiangzi is one of China's best works in 1930s, and it is also an excellent novel in modern China. It established Lao She's important position in the history of modern literature in China. After being translated into English in the1940s, it also won the love of foreign readers.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Lao She went south to Hankou and Chongqing alone. 1938 In March, the All-China Anti-Enemy Association of Literary and Art Circles was established in Wuhan. He was elected as the director and director of the general affairs department, responsible for the daily affairs of the association. In creation, he wrote various forms of literary and artistic works with the theme of resisting Japan and saving the nation. There are drama Remnant Fog, novel Cremation and Four Generations under One Family. 1June, 939, participated in the condolence group of the North Road of the National Comfort Federation to express condolences to the soldiers and civilians in the Anti-Japanese War. In the past six months, it has traveled more than 20,000 miles, passing through Sichuan, Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu and Sui provinces, including Yan 'an and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia anti-Japanese democratic base areas. All these have broadened his horizons and enriched his life, and his political attitude has obviously become radical. In the later period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he joined the growing democratic movement. The above changes are also clearly reflected in his creation. In Jinan, Wuhan, Chongqing and other places, he discussed the problem of writing drum lyrics during the Anti-Japanese War with artists who sang Quyi. He also wrote many popular works to publicize the Anti-Japanese War in various ancient forms, including Beijing opera, drum lyrics, cross talk, counting treasures, pendants, dramas and so on. , for artists to perform. At the beginning of 1944, Lao She began to write the novel "Four Generations of a Family", depicting all the people in this ancient city at the critical moment of national survival with strong oil paints, and describing in detail the inner conflicts and awakening of the middle and lower class residents who were deeply bound by traditional concepts, which included whipping and expectation for them, adding many colorful and thoughtful frames to his numerous descriptions of Beijing citizens.

After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory,1March, 946, Lao She went to the United States to give lectures at the invitation of the State Council. After the expiration, he lived in the United States and worked as a writer.

1 949 65438+1October1,People's Republic of China (PRC) was established. /kloc-On June 38, 0/3, Lao She immediately set off for home, and successively served as the vice chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Chinese Writers Association and China Folk Literature and Art Research Association. He participated in political, social, cultural and friendly exchanges with foreign countries with great enthusiasm, engaged in the reform of traditional art, attached importance to the training and counseling of young literary and art workers, and created famous dramas such as Teahouse and Longxugou. 195 1 year, the drama Longxugou was staged, which aroused strong response from the literary and art circles and society. An old writer from old China can write such excellent works praising new China in a short time, and his success has aroused widespread admiration, so Lao She was awarded the title of "People's Artist". He tried to understand and experience a new life, which was reflected in his works and wrote a historical leap.

Lao She, an outstanding writer and artist, was brutally persecuted during the "Cultural Revolution" and died on August 24th, 1966 because of unbearable humiliation.

Lao she's drama collection

Residual Fog, Zhang Zizhong, Face Problem, Shenquan, Lotus Beads Matching, Guixitian, Qin Brothers, Square Beads, Longxugou, Chunhua Qiushi, Teahouse, Salesgirl, Ground Dragon Snake, Liujing, Danxue, Frog Riding, Family Photo.

Lao She's Collection of Novels

Death, Lao Zhang's Philosophy, Drummer, Doctor Wen, Cremation, Unknown Highland, Xiaopo's Birthday, Under the Red Flag, Legend of Niu Tianci, Zhao Ziyue, Erma, Divorce, Camel Xiangzi and Cat City.

Laoshe's short stories

Market, hot steamed bread, love kids, alliance, outside Dabei Temple, Mr. breeches, market opening, long hair, courtyard, holding sun, black and white plum, glasses, iron cow, sick duck, triangle, mussel algae collection, taking office, offering sacrifices, and Liutun. The old tragedy of the new era, let's say the house, Mulide of the new Han Dynasty, mourning, train sets, burning cars, things, people's hearts are the same, killing dogs, my life, a letter from home, a pig liver, a bathing slave, anemia sets, and the eight great ancestors are all not problems.

Lao She's Quyi Works

Today, the accumulation of hair is thin, and the vitality is fragrant-Song Wu, a fake doctor, a professor, she remembers, two anti-Japanese folk songs, an empty city plan, accusing Bao Puzi-drum calligraphy words, gifts, love songs, exile, chaotic descriptions, explanatory vernacular, Qin Benxiu's self-report, phlegm fans, Children's Children's Children's Children's Children's Children's Children's Musical Life, Heroic Ode to New Year's Day, Mother-in-law, Playing Knife Music, Reading, Phase II of the Anti-Japanese War, Appendix-Letters to Friends, Singing Big Party, Ghost Songs, State Funeral, Celebrating New Year, Overseas New Voice, Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, Red Salesman, Hongye, Hong's "March of Mongolian Youth" and "Daughter Classic"

Lu Xun (188 1- 1936), a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, was originally from runan county, Henan. China is a great modern writer, thinker and revolutionary. Lu Xun was originally named Zhou Zhangshou, later renamed Zhou Shuren, whose real name was Zhang Shou and whose real name was Yucai; "Lu Xun" is the pseudonym he used after taking part in the May 4th Movement. Because of its growing influence, people used to call it Lu Xun.

Lu Xun's novels are few in number, but they are of great significance. China's novels, only when he arrived at Lu Xun's place, focused on the broader subject area of the bottom of society and described the daily life and mental state of these bottom people. This is inseparable from Lu Xun's creative purpose. Lu Xun said: "My materials are mostly taken from the unfortunate people in the morbid society, aiming to expose the suffering of the disease and attract the attention of treatment." How to start a novel with a southern accent and a northern accent? This creative purpose of expressing and improving life made him describe the most common tragic fate of some of the most common people, such as Kong Yiji, Hua Laoshuan, Shan Sisi, Ah Q, Xianglinsao and Ai Gu. These people live at the bottom of society and need sympathy, pity, care and love from people around them most. But in China society at that time, people gave them insults and discrimination, indifference and ruthlessness. Is such a society a normal society? Is this interpersonal relationship reasonable? What saddens us most is that they live in a loveless world and are tortured by life. But they also lack sincere sympathy for each other. They take an indifferent attitude of watching or even appreciating the tragic fate of their own kind, and vent their pent-up resentment when they are oppressed and bullied by bullies weaker than themselves. In Kong Yiji, there are short-sleeved guests who maliciously ridicule Kong Yiji; In The True Story of Ah Q, others bullied Ah Q, and Ah Q bullied a little nun who was weaker than himself. In Blessing, villagers in Luzhen appreciate Sister Xianglin's tragedy as an interesting story ... All this makes people feel a chill. What a heartless world this is! What a twisted life this is! Lu Xun's attitude towards them is "mourn their misfortune and anger their indisputable". Lu Xun loves them, but he wants them to realize that they can stand on their own feet, hold their heads high and fight for their happy future.

In addition to the social figures at the bottom, Lu Xun also created some newly awakened intellectuals. These intellectuals have a need for progress, a good desire to improve society, sincere feelings for others and themselves, and sincere love, but the society at that time could not tolerate them. "Madman" cursed cannibalism, hoping that everyone would become a "non-cannibal" and a "real person". People around him regarded him as a madman and wanted to get rid of him quickly (Diary of a Madman). Yu Xia died for society. Tea drinkers called him a "madman", while Hua Laoshuan cured his son's illness (medicine) with his blood. Wei cared about China society, but society persecuted him. When he stopped caring about China society, people around him came to curry favor with him (the lonely man). Lu in Eating Out, Zi Jun and Juan Sheng in Mourning for the Past all pursued and struggled for the society and themselves, but they all experienced a tragic fate in the stagnant and backward China society. When Lu Xun sympathized with these intellectuals, he sympathized with China society and cared about the fate of the Chinese nation, because only these intellectuals were still struggling for social progress at that time.

Lu Xun has an abhorrent attitude towards two kinds of people in society, that is, dignitaries and hypocrites. Ding in Kong Yiji, Grandpa Zhao in The True Story of Ah Q, Master Lu Si in Blessing, Guo Laowa in The Ever-burning Lamp, and the seven great men in Divorce are all such powerful figures. They were powerful in China society at that time, but they didn't really care about the fate of others, and they didn't have the slightest enthusiasm for social progress. They only care about their own power and status, and they are selfish, hypocritical and cold, which hinders the progress and improvement of society. Siming in soap and Gao Li Gao are hypocrites and hypocrites. They claim to care about social morality, but in fact they are all immoral people.

Lu Xun's essays should first fully reflect his creative spirit and creativity. "Essays" have existed since ancient times, and similar examples can be found in foreign essays. However, only in the modern cultural history of China, in the hands of Lu Xun, did the "essays" show its unique artistic charm and great ideological potential. Lu Xun's essays can be said to be an "epic" of China's modern culture, which not only recorded Lu Xun's fighting achievements in his life, but also recorded the ideological and cultural history of China at that time. Different from western culture, China ancient culture was ruled by a religious culture, that is, the Christian culture in the Middle Ages. As long as we get rid of the bondage and imprisonment of this religious culture, modern western culture will have the power to develop. The ancient culture of China is composed of different cultures. In the process of development and evolution for thousands of years, various cultures have blended with each other. When modern intellectuals in China want to create new cultures and new ideas that adapt to the modern development of China, they encounter slanders and attacks from different classes, figures, angles and ways. Lu Xun's essays are naturally formed in this ideological and cultural struggle with no fixed front and no fixed enemies. From the May 4th Movement, Lu Xun began to struggle against various arguments against the new culture in the form of essays, but he was not conscious at that time. Later, some people began to laugh at him as an "essayist", and he became more aware of the power of "essays" and began to consciously engage in essay creation. Lu Xun said that essays are "nerves of induction" and can "react or fight against harmful things immediately", thus opening up a tortuous road for the development of new culture and new ideas in the thorns of old culture and old ideas, so that they can exist, develop and grow. Lu Xun wrote 65,438+in his life, such as Grave, Hot Wind, Collection of Gai Hua, Collection of Continued Covering Flowers, Three Ji Xian, Collection of Two Hearts, Mobilization of the South to the North, Pseudo-Free Book, Quasi-Romantic Talk, Lace Literature, Essays on Street Pavilion, etc. There are ruthless revelations, angry accusations, sharp criticisms, bitter satires, witty humor, meticulous analysis, decisive judgment, passionate expression, painful cries, cordial encouragement, enthusiastic praise, brush strokes, flying words and various forms and changes. It completely broke the shackles of the "gentle and honest" aesthetic style of China's ancient prose, expressed the feelings and emotional experiences of modern people more freely and boldly, and opened up a broader road for the development of China's prose. The status of Lu Xun's essays in the history of modern literature in China is undeniable.

In his later years, Lu Xun also completed a novel collection, New Stories (published by 1936). This collection of novels is based on China's ancient myths and legends and historical facts, but it does not stick to the original story, but adds Lu Xun's own understanding and imagination, and some of them also adopt the writing technique of blending ancient and modern, so that ancient people and modern people can have a direct dialogue. The purpose of Lu Xun's doing this is to let us feel and understand the true face of some real people through the feelings and understanding of real people and the ancients. Through the novels in New Stories, Lu Xun actually reconstructed the cultural history of China, revealed the foundation of the existence and development of the Chinese nation, and reshaped the image of historical figures sanctified by feudal literati in China. Mending the sky can be regarded as a "genesis" of the Chinese nation. In Lu Xun's view, it is not the ancient sages and emperors who truly embody the fundamental spirit of the Chinese nation, but the Nu Wa who created the Chinese nation. She is the source and symbol of Chinese national vitality. Running to the Moon is about the tragedy of an ancient hero, which saved mankind in nine days, but those selfish and narrow-minded people don't want to inherit and carry forward his heroic spirit, just want to use him to achieve their selfish and narrow-minded goals. He was assassinated by his own students and abandoned by his wife. Casting Sword shows the theme of revenge of the oppressed on their oppressors. "Water Control" and "Non-attack" praised the politicians and thinkers who practiced in ancient China. Yu He is the backbone of the Chinese nation. Confucius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Boyi and Shu Qi, historical figures, have really become funny but still lovely living figures in Lu Xun's works. Lu Xun's New Stories expresses serious themes in an absurd way, and creates a brand-new way of writing historical novels. (article reading network/) Lu Xun's creativity in thought and art is amazing. In short stories, essays, prose poems, historical novels, essays and other creations, they all have their own brand-new creations. This makes him the greatest writer in China in the 20th century and a world-class literary master. His life is a life of struggle for the survival and development of the Chinese nation. He used his pen to maintain social justice, resist power, protect youth and cultivate new forces. In the early stage, he enthusiastically supported the just struggle of young students, exposed the criminal acts of the Duan government in suppressing the student movement and creating the "March 18th" tragedy, and wrote a series of shocking articles such as "In Memory of the King". Later, he opposed the bloody suppression of the Kuomintang government on the * * * people and the progressive youth, joined the League of Chinese Left-wing Writers and the League for the Protection of Civil Rights, and wrote a series of articles full of righteousness and justice, such as Commemorating Forgetting. "Lu Xun's bones are the hardest. He's not servile. This is the most precious character of the colonial and semi-colonial people. " (Mao Zedong: On New Democracy)

1936 65438+ 10/9, Lu Xun died in Shanghai. Thousands of ordinary people came to see him off, and his coffin was covered with a banner with the words "soul of china".

work

Shout (collection of short stories) 1923, trendy society.

A Brief History of Chinese Novels (Volume I) 1923- 1924, Xinchao Society.

Hot air (essay) 1925, Beixin

Wandering (short story collection) 1926, Beixin

Gai Hua Ji (Essay) 1926, Beixin

Gai Hua's Chronicle (Essay) 1927, Beixin.

Grave (paper, essay) 1927, unnamed society.

Weeds (Selected Prose Poems) t927. Beixin

Flowers in the morning and flowers in the evening (essays) 1928, unknown society.

Gangji (Essay) 1928, Beixin

San Xian Ji (Essay) 1932, Beixin

Two Hearts (Prose Collection) 1932, He Zhong Bookstore.

Selected Works of Lu Xun 1933, Tianma

Book of Two Places (Collection of Letters) co-authored with Matsui, 1933, Guangqing Bookstore.

Pseudo-Free Books (Essay) 1933, Guangqing Bookstore.

Selected Works of Lu Xun's Miscellaneous Feelings, edited by Qu Qiubai, 1933, Guangqing Publishing House.

Southern accent and northern assembly (anthology) 1934, wentong publishing house.

1934, the collection of He Zhong Bookstore.

Zhuntan (essay) 1934, Bookstore.

Outside the collection, edited by Yang Jiyun, revised by Lu Xun, 1935, People's Book Company.

About Foreign Languages (Thesis) 1935, Tianma

New stories (novel collection) 1936, Vincent.

Lace Literature (Essay) 1936, Lotus Bookstore.

Chejiege Essay (Essay) 1936, Sanxian Bookstore.

Night Notes (essays, later edited as the end of Qi Jieting's Essays) 1937, Vincent.

Two Essays on the Pavilion of Anta (Essays) 1937, Sanxian Bookstore.

At the end, the essay (essay) 1937, Sanxian Bookstore.

Guo Moruo (1892 ~ 1978)

Personal profile

Originally known as Guo Kaizhen, he is a famous scientist, writer, archaeologist, thinker, revolutionary activist and poet in China. Born in Shawan, Leshan, Sichuan, he went to school since childhood, attended Jiading College from 65438 to 0906, and began to accept democratic ideas. 19 14 In the spring, he went to Japan to study, during which he came into contact with the works of foreign writers such as Tagore, Goethe, Shakespeare and Whitman.

The Sorrow of Sheep is his first novel. 1965438+ The Temptation of Death, written in the early summer of 2008, is his earliest new poem. 19 19 When the May 4th Movement broke out, he initiated the organization of the Summer Society, a national salvation group, in Fukuoka, Japan, and devoted himself to the New Culture Movement. He wrote poems such as Phoenix Nirvana, The Earth, My Mother and Coal in the Furnace. 192 1 In June, he and Cheng, Yu Dafu and others organized a creative society and edited the Creative Quarterly. 65438-0923, graduated from Imperial University of Japan, and continued to edit Creation Weekly and Creation Day after returning to China. From 1924 to 1927, he created historical dramas such as Wang Zhaojun, Nie Ying and Zhuo Wenjun. 1928 Exiled in Japan. 1930 joined the Chinese Left-wing Writers' League and participated in the activities of the Tokyo branch of the "Left-wing League". 1938 director of Ren Zhonghua national anti-enemy association of literary and art circles. During this period, six historical dramas represented by Qu Yuan were created. He also wrote ten critical books, The Bronze Age, and a large number of essays, essays and poems. After the founding of New China, he served as a member of the Central People's Government, Vice Premier the State Council and director of the Culture and Education Committee, president of the China Academy of Sciences, the first, second and third presidents of the All-China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the ninth, tenth and eleventh central committee members, the first to fifth vice-chairmen of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), and a member, standing committee member and vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. His works include Ode to Xinhua, Dongfeng Ji, Cai Wenji, Wu Zetian, Li Bai and Du Fu.

Mao dun

About the author:

China, a famous novelist and critic in the 20th century literary history, was regarded as a great master, but after1990s, negative comments gradually appeared. His creation is famous for its epic style, paying attention to the social function of his works, emphasizing rationality over sensibility, and lacking the real power to impress people. Representative works include the novel Midnight and the short story Lin Jiapu. (Author Hui Yu)

Mao Dun (1896- 198 1), whose real name is Shen Dehong, was born in Wuzhen, Tongxiang County, Zhejiang Province on July 4, 1996. This land of plenty south of Taihu Lake is the most developed agricultural area in modern China. It is very close to modern Shanghai, and it is also a place where people gather. This has caused Mao Dun's open cultural mentality and delicate writing style to face the world bravely. He lost his father when he was ten. The "first teachers" of many writers and politicians in China are widowed mothers, and Mao Dun was raised by her mother. After finishing the preparatory course at Peking University, he was unable to continue his studies, worked in Shanghai Commercial Press, reformed the old-fashioned novel monthly, and became the chief critic of the Literature Research Association. At this time. Later, he joined the Shanghai Communist Group, founded China, went to Guangzhou to attend the second Kuomintang Congress, and served as the Minister of Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee. The Acting Minister of Propaganda Department is Mao Zedong. After the collapse of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, he went into exile in Shanghai and Japan from Wuhan, and began to write Disillusionment, Shake, Pursuit and Rainbow, so he picked up a novelist's pen. This experience of upper-level political struggle has created his summary of the times and the whole social vision of literature, and the theme of his early works is also taken from this. He wrote Midnight, Lin Jiabao and Spring Silkworm during the period of the Leftist League. During the Anti-Japanese War, he traveled to Hong Kong, Xinjiang, Yan 'an, Chongqing, Guilin and other places, and published Corrosion, Frosty Leaves as Red as February Flowers and Exercise.